(廣東工貿(mào)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院,廣東 廣州 510510)

電熱壺發(fā)熱盤電阻焊接機構(gòu)設(shè)計

孫濤王亞芳

(廣東工貿(mào)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院,廣東 廣州 510510)

針對電熱壺中發(fā)熱盤和總釘?shù)暮附?，設(shè)計了自動化電阻焊接設(shè)備。主要包括發(fā)熱盤上料機構(gòu)、總釘上料機構(gòu)、兩者的組裝夾緊機構(gòu)以及電阻焊接機構(gòu)。人工將發(fā)熱盤及總釘批量上料到各自的上料料斗內(nèi)，上料機構(gòu)自動抓取單個物料，并且自動組裝，經(jīng)過焊接夾具進(jìn)行定位夾緊，輸送到焊接工位，電阻焊接機自動完成焊接。實際生產(chǎn)驗證結(jié)果表明，該機構(gòu)實現(xiàn)自動化生產(chǎn)，可節(jié)約3個人力。

發(fā)熱盤總釘電阻焊自動化

0 序 言

不銹鋼電熱壺是人們常見的生活用品，隨著人們生活水平的不斷提高，對高質(zhì)量的電熱壺需求越來越大[1-3]。電熱壺的發(fā)熱盤和總釘?shù)暮附淤|(zhì)量直接影響到產(chǎn)品的品質(zhì)，傳統(tǒng)的焊接方式為手工氬弧焊，效率低下，焊接質(zhì)量不高，已經(jīng)不能滿足企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)需求。

電阻焊接不銹鋼電熱壺具有一定優(yōu)勢，具有成本低廉、實用范圍廣泛及使用方便等優(yōu)點，已經(jīng)在金屬連接方面得到廣泛應(yīng)用[4-6]。目前大部分電阻焊接工序采用人工上料方式，電阻焊機作為單一工作臺運行，效率低下，且焊接品質(zhì)難以保證。自動化生產(chǎn)是生產(chǎn)企業(yè)技術(shù)升級的必經(jīng)之路，但是全自動化生產(chǎn)線一般成本較高，對于傳統(tǒng)五金生產(chǎn)企業(yè)難以承受，必須對每個工序進(jìn)行合理設(shè)計，在盡量較少人工消耗的同時提高自動化程度，并且保證產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量[7-10]。

文中結(jié)合產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)及要求，設(shè)計自動上料機構(gòu)，將電熱壺的發(fā)熱盤部件經(jīng)過焊接連接，節(jié)約人力成本。

1 焊接產(chǎn)品及設(shè)備總體設(shè)計

1.1 焊接產(chǎn)品

待焊產(chǎn)品為一發(fā)熱盤和總釘，發(fā)熱盤材質(zhì)為不銹鋼SUS304，尺寸為φ120 mm×1.2 mm，激光切割成型，精度較高；總釘材質(zhì)為不銹鋼，最大外觀尺寸φ6.5 mm×34 mm，為精密鑄造件,需將二者焊接在一起，產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)如圖1所示，焊接完成后需在加熱情況下對其進(jìn)行拉力和強度檢測。

圖1 焊接產(chǎn)品圖

1.2 設(shè)備總體設(shè)計

設(shè)備主要由發(fā)熱盤上料組件、總釘上料組件、焊接機組件、夾具組件、機柜以及相應(yīng)機加件等組成,如圖2所示。

設(shè)備工作時，人工將物料分別投入到總釘上料組件和發(fā)熱盤上料組件中，一次投料可滿足大約4 h生產(chǎn)所需，設(shè)備無料時停止工作并聲光報警，提示進(jìn)行人工上料；此后設(shè)備自動運行完成焊接；焊接完成后自動下料。

圖2 設(shè)備總體視圖

2 自動化機構(gòu)設(shè)計

2.1 發(fā)熱盤上料組件設(shè)計

發(fā)熱盤上料組件主要由線性滑軌、氣缸、定位夾具、電動推桿以及對應(yīng)機加件組成，如圖3a所示。其中，定位夾具固定在由線性滑軌組成的直線運動副上，大行程氣缸通過浮動接頭和定位夾具連接在一起，這樣定位夾具可看成一個雙工位機構(gòu)。當(dāng)一個工位內(nèi)的發(fā)熱盤用完后，氣缸開始動作，可使其切換到另一個工位,如圖3b所示。電動推桿安裝在定位夾具正下方，設(shè)備工作時，人工將大批次(兩個工位共約600片)的發(fā)熱盤一次性放入到定位夾具內(nèi)，每次取走一個發(fā)熱盤(真空發(fā)生器驅(qū)動真空吸盤吸附)，電動推桿往上運動一個發(fā)熱盤厚度的距離；定位夾具主要由幾根光軸和底下的定位板組成(定位板和線性滑軌的滑塊固定在一起)。

電動推桿是一種將電動機的旋轉(zhuǎn)運動轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橥茥U的直線往復(fù)運動的電力驅(qū)動裝置，結(jié)構(gòu)如圖3c所示。

2.2 總釘上料組件設(shè)計

總釘上料組件主要由振動盤、尼龍管、分料組件以及對應(yīng)機加件等組成，如圖4a所示。設(shè)備工作時，人工將一定數(shù)量的總釘一次性投入到振動盤內(nèi)，此后經(jīng)由尼龍管流入到分料組件內(nèi)其中分料組件和氣缸1固定在一起，此后氣缸2和氣缸3二者共同作用將總釘逐個分離出來，氣缸2和氣缸3的動作順序正好相反，為方便控制，氣缸2和氣缸3的排氣可共用一個電磁閥。被分離出來的總釘，會經(jīng)過儲料嘴，此時出料嘴附近的光電對射傳感器可對其進(jìn)行檢測(檢測總釘是否被取走)，分料機構(gòu)的放大圖分別如圖4b～4d所示。

此后，被分離出的總釘會被其他工位的機構(gòu)取走流入下一道工序，繼續(xù)進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)。

2.3 夾具組件設(shè)計

夾具組件為此設(shè)備核心功能組件，可實現(xiàn)總釘?shù)霓D(zhuǎn)移、組裝定位、焊接和下料等功能。

圖3 發(fā)熱盤上料組件機構(gòu)圖

圖4 總釘上料組件機構(gòu)圖

夾具組件如圖5所示，主要由發(fā)熱盤抓取機構(gòu)、總釘夾持機構(gòu)、移載機構(gòu)、(發(fā)熱盤)定位機構(gòu)1、(發(fā)熱盤)定位機構(gòu)2、固定夾具、下料機構(gòu)和焊接機構(gòu)等組成。其中，總釘夾緊機構(gòu)、發(fā)熱盤抓取機構(gòu)和發(fā)熱盤定位夾緊機構(gòu)均固定在移載機構(gòu)上，移載機構(gòu)為步進(jìn)式機構(gòu)。移載機構(gòu)可在Z軸和X軸方向運動，動力均有氣缸提供，方便控制。設(shè)備工作時，發(fā)熱盤抓取機構(gòu)抓取一個發(fā)熱盤，此后移載機構(gòu)開始帶著被抓取的發(fā)熱盤往上運動；此時總釘上料組件內(nèi)的氣缸1往下運動，氣缸2和氣缸3聯(lián)動并分離出一個總釘，此后總釘夾持機構(gòu)將總釘夾緊，總釘上料組件內(nèi)氣缸1縮回；于此同時，發(fā)熱盤定位夾緊機構(gòu)將前面已經(jīng)焊接完成的發(fā)熱盤(前一工位焊接的成品)舉起；此后移載機構(gòu)帶著上料完成的發(fā)熱盤和總釘以及焊接完成的發(fā)熱盤(前一工位焊接的成品)往右運動，此時可將總釘帶到焊接組件正下方，可將發(fā)熱盤放到發(fā)熱盤定位機構(gòu)1中，可將定位機構(gòu)2內(nèi)的焊接成品送入到下料機構(gòu)內(nèi)。其中，固定夾具作為一個中轉(zhuǎn)機構(gòu)，移載機構(gòu)在運動時，固定夾具全程都為固定狀態(tài)。

圖5 夾具組件機構(gòu)圖

因為移載機構(gòu)為往復(fù)式步進(jìn)機構(gòu)，故每一個總釘和發(fā)熱盤焊接的工序相同且重復(fù)，各機構(gòu)動作如上文所述。

2.4 發(fā)熱盤抓取機構(gòu)設(shè)計

發(fā)熱盤抓取機構(gòu)主要由一個固定板和4個真空吸盤組成。如圖6所示，四個真空吸盤固定在固定板上，其中固定板為鈑金件。

發(fā)熱盤抓取機構(gòu)固定在移載機構(gòu)上，抓取發(fā)熱盤時，移載機構(gòu)通過上下運動使真空吸盤接觸到發(fā)熱盤即可實現(xiàn)抓取，為使更好地抓取發(fā)熱盤，真空吸盤采用風(fēng)琴式吸盤。

2.5 固定夾具設(shè)計

固定夾具為固定狀態(tài)，不隨移載機構(gòu)運動，托板固定在固定塊上，固定塊固定在底板上，移載機構(gòu)也固定在底板上，如圖7所示。

圖6 發(fā)熱盤抓取機構(gòu)圖

圖7 固定夾具機構(gòu)圖

2.6 總釘夾持機構(gòu)設(shè)計

由總釘上料機構(gòu)內(nèi)被分離出的總釘流出總釘上料機構(gòu)后，被總釘夾持機構(gòu)內(nèi)的氣爪夾持住，氣爪為180°開閉形，夾持總釘?shù)囊粚A爪各自開有V形槽，能夠很好地將總釘夾持住，如圖8所示。當(dāng)完成一個總釘?shù)纳狭?被夾持住)以后，總釘上料機構(gòu)內(nèi)的氣缸1則帶著整個機構(gòu)往上退位。其中，氣爪固定在懸臂上，懸臂固定在移載機構(gòu)上。

圖8 總釘夾持機構(gòu)圖

2.7 定位機構(gòu)設(shè)計

定位機構(gòu)起到對發(fā)熱盤的定位和夾緊作用，如圖9所示，被移載機構(gòu)和發(fā)熱盤抓取機構(gòu)取過來的發(fā)熱盤被放入到定位機構(gòu)內(nèi)以后，氣缸開始帶著定位塊往中間移動，實現(xiàn)對發(fā)熱盤的固定。

圖9 定位機構(gòu)圖

2.8 移載機構(gòu)與焊接機構(gòu)設(shè)計

移載機構(gòu)可在X軸和Z軸方向運動。Z軸方向主要由兩個氣缸1和兩組直線運動副1(直線軸承+導(dǎo)向軸)組成；X軸主要由一個氣缸2和兩組直線運動副2(線性滑軌)組成，結(jié)構(gòu)如圖10所示。

圖10 移載機構(gòu)圖

焊接機構(gòu)主要由一電阻焊機、氣缸、電極頭、嵌套以及相應(yīng)機加件組成，焊機機構(gòu)如圖11所示。

圖11 焊接機構(gòu)圖

設(shè)備運行時，總釘每次上料完成后(即被總釘夾緊機構(gòu)夾持住)，移載機構(gòu)就帶這總釘往右運動一個工位，此時總釘運動到焊接機構(gòu)正下方，此后氣缸開始往下運動，這樣嵌套可將總釘完全包進(jìn)去，然后和嵌套相連的真空發(fā)生器開始動作，將總釘吸附在嵌套內(nèi)，此后總釘夾緊機構(gòu)內(nèi)的氣爪松開。此后當(dāng)步進(jìn)機構(gòu)返回后，氣缸則帶著裝有總釘?shù)那短淄逻\動，此后總釘會和發(fā)熱盤接觸，然后開始焊接。其中，嵌套和電極頭均采用紅銅，氣缸由電氣比例閥控制其氣壓，可以達(dá)到間接控制其壓力的目的。

3 結(jié) 論

(1)采用手動對材料進(jìn)行批量上料，然后通過自動化機構(gòu)完成物料的單個上料、組裝、定位夾緊及自動焊接，極大提升了自動化程度。

(2)自動化設(shè)備結(jié)構(gòu)整體簡單實用，成本較低，適合批量化生產(chǎn)。

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MicrostructureandmechanicalpropertiesofCu/Sn-58Bi-xEr2O3/Cubrazedjoint

Shi Xiaolong1, Yang Li2, Zhang Yaocheng2, Wang Guoqiang1, Zhou Shiyuan1

(1. School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu, China; 2. School of Automobile Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, Jiangsu, China).p7-9

AbstractThe effect of minute nano-Er2O3particles on the wettability, microstructure and mechanical properties of Sn-58Bi solder was investigated. The results revealed that the microstructure of the solder is refined, the spreadability and mechanical properties of the composite solder are also improved with the addition of nano-Er2O3particles. When the addition of nano-Er2O3particles is 0.075wt.%, the best spreading performance can be obtained and its spreading coefficient increases by 5.1% compared with plain Sn-58Bi solder. In addition, when the addition of nano-Er2O3particles is 0.05wt.%, the microstructure of the solder is refined and the maximum tensile strength of the composite solder is 89 MPa, whose tensile strength increases by 11% compared with the plain Sn-58Bi solder.

Keywords：Sn-58Bisolder,nano-Er2O3particles,brazedjoint,microstructure,mechanicalproperties

Self-sharpeningandservicelifeoftoolwithasingle-sidebrazedcoating

Ma Bojiang, Bu Fanning, Yang Guanglei, Cao Tongkun

(College of Electromechanical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266061, Shandong, China).p10-13

AbstractTools such as agricultural grass cutter, stubble blade, soymilk blade and grain crushing knife would get passivated gradually during using and could not self-sharpen. In order to resolve these problems, the mixed Ni-based alloy and WC powder was brazed on the 65Mn steel surface to make the single-sided coating of tool. To ensure that the single-sided coating tool can self-sharpen, different heat treatments were used to change the matrix microstructure and regulate the both sides wear resistance of the tool. After 100-hours-grinding tests, the edge curvatures of the samples treated by normalization, quenching and tempering are 500 μm, 120 μm, 147 μm, respectively. The tool after 400 ℃ tempering has excellent wear resistance, self-sharpening, so it can significantly improve the service life of the tool.

Keywords：tungstencarbide,single-sidebrazedcoating,self-sharpening,servicelife

Researchandapplicationstatusofextrusionofbrazingfillermetals

Long Fei，He Peng，Lin Tiesong，Geng Huiyuan

(State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China).p14-16,42

AbstractThe equipment function, mold performance and process factors (speed, temperature, deformation index and mold shape) which affect the hot extrusion of brazing filler metals were analyzed from the hot extrusion research and application of brazing filler metals. Combined with the actual production of the extrusion equipment, the classic extrusion process and the main form of mold failure and its causes, a number of technical measures were put forward to improve the service life of extrusion mold, stabilize product quality and production efficiency. The technical approach to improve the quality and efficiency of hot extrusion of brazing filler metals was discussed. The investigation found that the excellent equipment, suitable technology and reasonable mold design are the fundamental guarantee for the smooth extrusion. Mold materials, mold manufacturing process and the use of the system determine the stability of the use of the mold.

Keywords：brazingfillermetals,hotextrusionmold,servicelife

Comparisonofresidualstressdeterminationmethodsforlaserlapweldingofstainlesssteelsheet

Li Shuhu1, Jiang Yunlu2, Chen Huaining2, Liang Hang2, Zhao Ruirong1

(1. CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co., Ltd, Qingdao 266111, Shandong, China; 2. Institute of Metal Research，Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China).p17-20

AbstractIn order to research residual stress for non-penetration laser lap welding of stainless steel plate, the 2 mm+2 mm cold rolling SUS301L stainless steel plates were welded by axial flow CO2laser. The indentation strain-gage method, sectioning-relaxation strain-gage method and X-ray diffraction method were used to measure residual stress in the lap welded joints. The results from the indentation strain-gage method show that the peak value of longitudinal residual stress is 237 MPa, the maximum transverse residual stress is 124 MPa, and all the residual stress values reflect an average around 2 mm near the surface layer. The results from the sectioning-relaxation method show that the peak value of longitudinal residual stress is 155 MPa, the transverse residual stress is 55 MPa, and all the residual stresses are an average in the sample whole section with 5 mm×5 mm×2 mm. The results from X-ray diffraction method show that the maximum longitudinal residual stress value is 344 MPa, the transverse residual stress peak value is 163 MPa, and all the residual stresses are an average in the circle of 1～2 mm in diameter near the surface layer. Comparatively speaking, the error from X-ray method is higher than the other methods due to the obvious texture and coarse grains.

Keywords：stainlesssteelsheet,laserlapwelding,residualstress,indentationstrain-gagemethod,sectioning-relaxationstrain-gagemethod,X-raydiffractionmethod

Microstructureandmechanicalpropertiesofbobbintoolfricationstirweldedjointof6005A-T6aluminumalloyprofiles

Shi Guanglei1，Zhang Jingyu1，Hu Feng1, Pan Xiaoyang2, Zhang Yingbo3, Li Kangning3, Ji Hua4

(1. CRRC Zhuzhou Locomotive CO., LTD, Zhuzhou 412000, Hunan, China; 2. Aerospace Engineering Equipment (Suzhou) Co.,Ltd, Suzhou 215100, Jiangsu, China；3. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China; 4. Shanghai Aerospace Equipment Manufacture, Shanghai 200245, China).p21-25

AbstractBobbin tool frication stir welding butt welded joints were fabricated for 6005A-T6 aluminum alloy profiles with 4.5 mm thickness at higher welding speed. The results show that the welds are excellent both in appearance and properties, but it is more likely to form defects such as tunnel and crack. At the selected welding parameters, the properties of welds shows close relationship with the line energy density, its tensile strength increases with the increase ofWPand reached up to 231 MPa, 77% of the base metal strength at the welding parameters of 1 400 r/min and 1 400 mm/min. The fracture appearance analysis indicates that the fracture mode changes from mixed fracture to ductile fracture with the increase ofWP.

Keywords： 6005A-T6aluminumalloy,bobbintoolfricationstirwelding,microstructure

EffectofbrazingtemperatureonmicrostructureandpropertiesofGH4169 / 1Cr18Ni9Tijoints

Lin Zhifeng1,Chen Zhikai1, Xing Bin1,Li Xuefei1,Deng Lifen2

(1.Capital Aerospace Machinery Company, Beijing 100076, China;2.Tianjin Aerospace Long March Launch Vehicle Manufacturing Co.,Ltd,Tianjin 300462,China).p25-28

AbstractThe GH4169/1Cr18Ni9Ti dissimilar metals was bonded by vacuum brazing using the BNi82CrSiB nickel-based solder. The effect of brazing temperature on the interface microstructure, micro-hardness and joint properties was studied by optical microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, microhardness instrument and tensile testing machine. The results showed that, the joints were mainly composed of nickel-based solid solution in the 1 060-1 100 ℃, and there were no intermetallic phase in the joints. The fracture analysis results showed that all the joints failed with the ductile fracture mode in the diffusion zone closed to the 1Cr18Ni9Ti base metal.

Keywords：vacuumbrazing,GH4169/1Cr18Ni9Ti,ductilefracture,microstructure

Designof150kV/30kWinverterpowersupplyforEBmachineanditsweldingapplicability

Xu Haiying，Zuo Congjin，Sang Xinghua， Fu Pengfei

(Science and Technology on Power Beam Processes Laboratory，Beijing Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology Research Institute, Beijing 100024, China).p29-33

AbstractIn order to acquire stable electron beam and enhance the quality of electron beam machine, the topology circuit of AC-DC-AC-DC-AC-DC and double closed loop control had been adopted to design high voltage power source, bias voltage power source and filament power source. The inverter power supply, 150 kV EB gun, vacuum system and others control system were integrated to establish a set of EB machine. Besides the high voltage and the maximum EB current output had been detected, the uniformity of welding parameters and the weld depth also had been measured. Through the series of tests, the results show that not only the inverter power source has a good linearity of high voltage output, but also the maximum beam output is up to 200 mA. The welding depth of titanium alloy is up to 100 mm. The welding tests show that the EB machine has excellent welding applicability.

Keywords：highvoltage,inverterpowersupply,EBmachine

Slagdetachabilityofstainlesssteelselfshieldedfluxcoredwire

Xu Kegui1, Wang Junyu1, Hao Zenglong1, Yang Fengjun1, Yang Yiyong2, Zhang Jiaqing3,Song Yang1

(1. Harbin Welding Institute, China Academy of Machinery Science and Technology, Harbin 150028, China; 2. Dalian CIMC Logistics Equipment Co., Ltd., Dalian 116600, Liaoning, China; 3. Xiamen University Tan Kah Kee College, Zhangzhou 363105, Fujian, China).p33-37

AbstractIn order to quantitatively analyze the effect of slag components of self-shielded flux-cored wire on the slag detachability, the method of extreme vertex mixing regression and the Design Expert 8.0 software of stat-ease company were used to make experiment design and result analysis. In the experiment, the mathematic model of slagging rate and slag composition was established by using the seven components in the slag as the independent variables and the deslagging rate of the weld as the objective function. when the content of the four components is kept to be unvaried, the effect of the other three components on the dependent variable can be intuitively observed by two-dimensional contour map and the three-dimensional response surface diagram. The optimal slag composition was obtained by the function of optimization solution of the software. The experimental results show that the method has a good reference to the slag design of flux cored wire. The fitted equation to predict slag removal rate was similar to the actual slag removal rate by actual validation, which indicates that the method has some guiding significance for design of slag components of flux-cored wire.

Keywords：slagcomponents,deslaggingrate,mixedregressiondesign

Analysisandcontrolofdissimilarmetalscircumferentialweldcrack

Guo Xiang，Lu Lili，Wang Fei，Ye Yihai

(Science and Technology on Reactor Fuel and Material Laboratory，Nuclear Power Institute of China，Chengdu 610041, China).p38-42

AbstractCrack is the main defect of dissimilar metals circumferential weld in nuclear industry. The crack of dissimilar metals circumferential weld had been analyzed and controlled from chemical composition, backing welding technology, welding heat input and constrained state. Weld performances were valuated by X-ray examination, metallographic examination, and residual stress analysis. The circumferential weld crack had been eliminated and the residual stress had been decreased. The results has good reference for the control of dissimilar metals circumferential weld crack.

Keywords：dissimilarmetals,circumferentialweld,crack,residualstress

Microstructureandpropertiesofaluminum6061/copperH60weldedjointbytigconductionwelding

Zuo Yong, Tian Yu, Liu Tao

(China Petroleum Pipeline Engineering Corporation, Langfang 065000, Hebei, China).p43-47

AbstractTo achieve the reliable joining of aluminum 6061 and copper H60, copper alloy was heated by TIG arc to melt the aluminum alloy. The microstructure of the joint was analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The effect of welding current on the microstructure and properties of the joints was investigated. The results revealed that the microstructures of the joint are copper substrate/ Al4Cu9layer/Al2Cu layer/α-Al+Cu5Zn8+Al2Cu phases/aluminum substrate. The thickness of Al4Cu9+Al2Cu layers near to the copper substrate is increased with the increase of welding current. However, when the welding current reached 110 A, micro-cracks were observed along the copper substrate. The tensile load increases with the increase of welding current until maximum tensile load of 1.67 kN was reached, and then decreases at higher welding current.

Keywords：aluminumalloy,copperalloy,TIGwelding,interfacemicrostructure

Developmentoffillermetalsforflamebrazingofzincalloy

Huang Junlan, Long Weimin, Dong Xian, Lü Dengfeng

(Zhengzhou Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Zhengzhou 450001, China).p47-50

AbstractFour filler metals were applied to braze zinc alloy by flame brazing. Based on the results of melting temperature, wettability, the mechanical properties and the porosity of brazed seam, the ideal filler metal SnZn-1 for Zinc alloy was successfully obtained. The microstructure and compounds of the brazed joint were further studied by SEM and EDS. The results show that the tensile strength of SnZn-1 brazed joint reaches up to 62 MPa, and the porosity rate is about 10%. The most of interface microstructure are uniform equiaxed structure, and the mutual diffusion and dissolution of elements occur between the base metal and the filler metal, which forms the better brazed joint.

Keywords：zincalloy,flamebrazing,tensilestrength,porosity

Microstructureandcorrosionresistanceoffrictionstirweldedjointsofthick6061aluminumalloyplate

Zhao Limin, Nie Pan

(School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, Liaoning, China).p51-55

AbstractThe double-sided friction stir welding process were used to weld 6061 aluminum alloy with the thickness of 30 mm, and the microstructure, micro-hardness and corrosion resistance of the welded joints were analyzed and tested by means of metallographic microscope, micro-hardness tester and electrochemical workstation. The metallographic observation shows that there is an obvious boundary between the advancing side of the friction stir welded joint and the base metal, while the boundary of retreating side and the base metal is blurred, the grains in weld nugget zone are homogeneous and fine equiaxed crystal. The micro-hardness curve of friction stir welded joints shows a “W” shape. The minimum micro-hardness appears in the heat affected zone. The corrosion test shows that the corrosion current is larger in the overlapping area of double-side welded joints, once the corrosion is started, the corrosion speed is very fast, and the corrosion resistance is relatively poor.

Keywords：frictionstirwelding,microstructure,micro-hardness,corrosionresistance

NuclearpowerplantsteelcontainmentvesselSA738Gr.Bsteelweldcrackreasonanalysisandprevent

Tang Shi1，Liu Fei1,Hu Qingrui2

(1.State Nuclear Power Demonstration Plant Corp., Ltd., Weihai 264312, China; 2.Ying Kou Institute of Technology, Yingkou 115000, Liaoning, China).p55-60

AbstractFor the actual situation of the crack in weld produced between the shell and steel containment gate insert plate in the a domestic nuclear power engineering project, the quality control of welding process, welding hot crack, cold crack, lamellar tearing, the causes of stress corrosion crack and reheat crack were analyzed in detail. The SA738Gr. B steel weld cracking reasons were found and the reasonable precautions were taken to avoid cracks, which provides references for subsequent project SA738Gr. B steel welding process.

Keywords：nuclearpowerplant,steelcontainmentvessel,SA738Gr.Bsteel,weldcrack,preventivemeasures

Studyonlaserweldingprocessof5052aluminiumalloy

Yu Jianhao，Zhang Jiahua，Ma Yuying

(Wuxi Institute of Arts & Technology, Yixing 214206, Jiangsu, China).p61-63

AbstractThe 1 kW fiber laser of single mode was used to weld the 5052 aluminium alloy with 1 mm thickness. The orthogonal experiment with three element of laser power, welding speed, defocusing amount was designed, and the best process parameter was the power of 900 W, welding speed of 100 mm/s，and the defocusing amount of 2 mm.The results of the tensile tests showed that the highest tensile strength is 282 MPa, achieves to 72% of that of the base metal. The cross section of the joints showed that full-penetration, no blowhole and no lack of materials, the strength of welded joint is the highest.

Keywords：aluminiumalloy,fiberlaser,welding,strength

Designedofresistanceweldingequipmentforheatingplateofelectrickettle

Sun Tao，Wang Yafang

(Guangdong Polytechnic of Industry and Commerce, Guangzhou 510510, China).p64-67

AbstractIn order to weld the heating plate and nail in the electric kettle, the automatic resistance welding equipment was designed. The equipment consisted of heating plate feeding mechanism, nail feeding mechanism, the assembling and clamping fixture, resistance welding machine. The batching heating plate and nail were fed on the hopper by human, and then the feeding mechanism took each part and automatic assemblied. After being positioned and clamped by the fixture, the specimen was transport to the welding station, and was automatically welded. The result of simulated production showed that the equipment realized automatic production, and saved 3 human consumption.

Keywords：heatingplate,nail,resistancewelding,automation

編輯常 青

《焊接》征稿簡則

《焊接》是由中國機械工業(yè)聯(lián)合會主管，機械科學(xué)研究院哈爾濱焊接研究所、中國機械工程學(xué)會焊接學(xué)會主辦，國內(nèi)外公開發(fā)行的技術(shù)類期刊。《焊接》被權(quán)威機構(gòu)評為中文核心期刊、中國科技核心期刊，并多次獲重要獎項。融學(xué)術(shù)、技術(shù)、商業(yè)信息于一體，面向焊接及其相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的技術(shù)人員、大專院校師生、經(jīng)營管理人員和技術(shù)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部等群體，開設(shè)焊接名人、專家論壇、專題綜述、試驗研究、生產(chǎn)應(yīng)用、經(jīng)驗交流、焊接培訓(xùn)、焊接標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、國外焊接、焊接沙龍等欄目。多年開展廣告業(yè)務(wù)，為廠家樹立企業(yè)形象、介紹新產(chǎn)品、新技術(shù)、提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益作出一定貢獻(xiàn)。歡迎廣大焊接及相關(guān)專業(yè)工作者投稿。

《焊接》在選題上突出科學(xué)性、創(chuàng)新性、導(dǎo)向性和實用性。投稿內(nèi)容為焊接及相關(guān)專業(yè)的專題論文。對屬于國家重大科技攻關(guān)項目、國家自然科學(xué)基金資助項目、省部級科研基金資助項目的論文及其它具有應(yīng)用價值的論文，將優(yōu)先發(fā)表。

《焊接》編輯部有權(quán)對錄用的稿件作適當(dāng)修改，無論錄用與否一般不退稿。發(fā)表的論文文責(zé)自負(fù)，謝絕一稿兩投。《焊接》對投稿的具體要求如下：

(1) 論文內(nèi)容在學(xué)術(shù)上應(yīng)有創(chuàng)新并具有一定的應(yīng)用價值。

(2) 論文應(yīng)論點明確、論據(jù)充分、條理分明、數(shù)據(jù)可靠、實事求是、文字精練，專業(yè)名詞術(shù)語應(yīng)前后統(tǒng)一并標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化。

(3) 科研基金項目的論文，應(yīng)寫出項目的名稱和編號，并將其排放在論文首頁下方。

(4) 論文題目的字?jǐn)?shù)限定在20字以內(nèi)。題目下方應(yīng)依次寫出作者姓名(同一單位的作者署名人數(shù)限定在4人以內(nèi))、作者工作單位、所在地名以及郵政編碼,專題綜述、試驗研究、生產(chǎn)應(yīng)用欄目的論文需寫出中文摘要(200～300字)和關(guān)鍵詞3～5個(關(guān)鍵詞不能用縮略語)。并寫出與中文摘要對應(yīng)的英文摘要，英文表述應(yīng)清楚、準(zhǔn)確。包括題目、作者姓名、作者工作單位、摘要、關(guān)鍵詞等均用英文寫出。

摘要應(yīng)說明論文研究主題及工作范圍、所用方法、結(jié)果和結(jié)論。不應(yīng)出現(xiàn)圖表、冗長的數(shù)字公式和非公知公用的符號、縮略語。摘要不應(yīng)太短，不應(yīng)重復(fù)文章題名已給出的信息；不要用歷史背景信息；不要包括作者未來的研究計劃。

(5) 論文中的計量單位一律使用《中華人民共和國法定計量單位》。

(6) 文中的圖表內(nèi)容和圖表注(包括分圖圖題)只用中文表達(dá)。

(7) 在文中坐標(biāo)圖(采用方框圖)的橫縱坐標(biāo)上要標(biāo)注物理量名稱、物理量符號及物理量單位共三項，不可缺一。例如：動量p/(kg·m·s-1)。坐標(biāo)圖要求采用origin或visio軟件制圖。

(8) 文中表格采用三線表，表中物理量要標(biāo)注物理量名稱、物理量符號及物理量單位。

(9) 文中首次出現(xiàn)的英文縮寫字母和公式中的各物理量符號的含義應(yīng)有文字解釋。

(10) 參考文獻(xiàn)應(yīng)按文中引用的先后順序排列于文后，并用方括號標(biāo)注在文中引用處。參考文獻(xiàn)只列主要的、公開發(fā)表過的文獻(xiàn)。應(yīng)嚴(yán)格按《文后參考文獻(xiàn)著錄規(guī)則》(GB/T 7714—2005)進(jìn)行著錄，著錄項目要齊全。其著錄格式舉例如下。

例1 期刊： 序號 作者.篇名[文獻(xiàn)類型標(biāo)識].期刊名，年，卷(期)：起止頁.

[1] 剛 鐵，徐 艷，遲大釗，等. 鋁合金焊縫超聲TOFD檢測的信號特征[J].焊接學(xué)報，2005，26(8)：1-4.

例2 書： 序號 作者.書名[文獻(xiàn)類型標(biāo)識].版本.出版地：出版者，出版年: 起止頁.

[1] 劉少奇.論共產(chǎn)黨員的修養(yǎng)[M].北京：人民出版社，1962：70-76.

參考文獻(xiàn)作者不超過三個時，全部照錄。超過三個時，只著錄前三個，其后加“等”字。

參考文獻(xiàn)類型標(biāo)識以單字母標(biāo)示見下表。

參考文獻(xiàn)類型專著論文集報紙期刊學(xué)位論文報告標(biāo)準(zhǔn)專利匯編網(wǎng)絡(luò)文獻(xiàn)類型標(biāo)識MCNJDRSPGOL

(11) 將“作者簡介”(第一作者及通訊作者)排放在文章末尾處，其內(nèi)容應(yīng)包括作者姓名、出生年、學(xué)歷、職稱、研究方向、主要科研成果、已發(fā)表的論文數(shù)量和聯(lián)系方式。

MAIN TOPICS，ABSTRACTS & KEY WORDS
Effectofmicro-alloyingnickelandniobiumelementsonmechanicalpropertiesofweldedjointwithmetalpowder-coredwire

Liu Zhengjun，Qiu Rongpeng，Wu Dan，Su Yunhai

(School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China).p1-6

On the basis of high strength low alloy steel flux cored wire which was designed by authors, the effects of micro-alloying elements nickel and niobium on mechanical properties of welded joint were researched by tensile test, charpy V-notch test, et al. Combined with metallographic observation and scanning electron microscopy analysis and chemical analysis, the mechanism about the effect of micro-alloying nickel and niobium elements on mechanical properties of welded joint was reasonable explained from the microstructure and chemical composition. The results show that the micro-alloying nickel element in the flux cored wire plays the role of increasing strength of welded joint by increasing the contents of bainite and martensite in the weld metal, and improve impact toughness of welded joint at low temperature through promoting the nucleation and growth of acicular ferrite. The micro-alloying niobium elements in the flux cored wire has the same effect with the micro-alloying nickel element that is beneficial to promote the nucleation and growth of acicular ferrite, meanwhile it can enhance the tensile strength of welded joint by refining grain and precipitation strengthening.

metalpowder-coredwire，highstrengthsteel，nickelelement，niobiumelement，acicularferrite

2017-04-06

TG454

孫 濤，1970年出生，學(xué)士學(xué)位，高級工程師。主要從事機械設(shè)計工作。