游 穎,陳丙波*,曾 林
研究報(bào)告
PKH26和Hoechst 33258聯(lián)合示蹤Uncv無(wú)毛小鼠iRhom2及其突變體蛋白
游 穎1,陳丙波1*,曾 林2*
軍事醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物中心在國(guó)內(nèi)首次發(fā)現(xiàn)并成功培育成群的被毛突變小鼠。該被毛異常是由位于常染色體上的單基因突變所引起,呈不完全顯性遺傳[1-3]。通過基因連鎖分析最終確定突變基因位于小鼠11號(hào)染色體的 D11mit338 和 D11mit337 之間,并通過基因組掃描方式定位了突變基因iRhom2[4]。UNCV無(wú)毛突變系小鼠的iRhom2基因的N端309 bp的缺失,導(dǎo)致了無(wú)毛性狀的產(chǎn)生[5,6]。本課題組前期構(gòu)建了穩(wěn)定表達(dá)Uncv無(wú)毛小鼠iRhom2及其突變體iRhom2mut蛋白的細(xì)胞系。在此基礎(chǔ)上,本研究采用PKH26 和Hoechst33258聯(lián)合標(biāo)記野生型iRhom2及iRhom2mut的穩(wěn)定細(xì)胞系,通過激光共聚焦熒光顯微鏡觀察目的蛋白的定位情況。
注:(A,E)Hoechst 33258染色;(B,F)GFP-蛋白;(C,G)PKH26染色;(D,H)merge。圖1 野生型iRhom2和iRhom2mut蛋白的亞細(xì)胞定位Note.(A,E)Hoechst 33258-stained;(B,F)GFP-Protein;(C,G)PKH26-stained;(D,H)merge.Fig.1 Subcellular localization of wild iRhom2 and mutant iRhom2 proteins in the Vero cells
1.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)材料
細(xì)胞膜熒光染料PKH26和Hoechst 33258細(xì)胞核熒光染料均購(gòu)自美國(guó)Sigma公司;PBS購(gòu)自Sigma公司;DMEM細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)基購(gòu)自Hyclone公司;激光共聚焦顯微鏡購(gòu)自日本Olympus公司。
1.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)方法
1.2.1 PKH26對(duì)細(xì)胞膜的染色
胰酶消化細(xì)胞形成單細(xì)胞懸液;用DMEM培養(yǎng)基將細(xì)胞洗滌(確保所有操作都在25℃進(jìn)行);400 rpm離心5 min將細(xì)胞團(tuán)離散開;棄掉上清液,剩余的上清液需小于25 μL;加入1 mL的稀釋液,使細(xì)胞重新離散;在無(wú)菌EP管中,用無(wú)水乙醇在25℃條件下對(duì)PKH26染色液進(jìn)行稀釋;快速將細(xì)胞和PKH26染料混合起來(lái);25℃下進(jìn)行孵育1~5 min,偶爾搖晃保證其充分混勻;以1∶1的體積比,加入血清使其正常的反應(yīng)停止,終止反應(yīng)時(shí)間為1 min;加入等量的含血清的細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)基對(duì)中止反應(yīng)液進(jìn)行稀釋;400 rpm轉(zhuǎn)25℃,離心10 min后,棄掉離心后的上清;細(xì)胞團(tuán)轉(zhuǎn)入新試管中,進(jìn)一步洗三次;加10 mL細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)液,離心,把細(xì)胞懸浮至所需要的濃度。
1.2.2 Hoechst 33258對(duì)細(xì)胞核的染色
將制備得到的細(xì)胞懸液,用醋酸-乙醇固定;用0.01 mol/L 緩沖液洗滌5 min;將Hoechst 33258染色液配制為工作濃度,在常溫下使其與細(xì)胞作用15 min,從而對(duì)細(xì)胞核進(jìn)行染色;0.01 mol/L緩沖液洗滌3次,一次約5 min;將染色好的細(xì)胞加入confocal皿中,并滴加少量的PBS,在激光共聚焦熒光顯微鏡下觀察。
1.2.3 激光共聚焦顯微鏡觀察
對(duì)掃描參數(shù)進(jìn)行設(shè)置,這主要包括對(duì)Mode和Channel兩種模式的設(shè)置。在Mode模式下,可以轉(zhuǎn)換鏡頭,掃描分辨率、速度,選擇掃描范圍,設(shè)置掃描范圍復(fù)位。進(jìn)行完相應(yīng)設(shè)置后,開始掃描圖像,最后將得到的圖片保存?zhèn)溆谩?/p>
PKH26在波長(zhǎng)為551 nm的激發(fā)光作用下發(fā)出紅色熒光,Hoechst 33258在波長(zhǎng)為340 nm的激發(fā)光作用下發(fā)出藍(lán)色熒光。在激光共聚焦熒光顯微鏡下觀察,發(fā)現(xiàn)野生型組可見到綠色熒光彌漫于紅色熒光,突變型組綠色熒光廣泛分布于紅色熒光中,但在藍(lán)色熒光中也出現(xiàn)少許。提示野生型iRhom2分布于細(xì)胞漿中,iRhom2mut分布于細(xì)胞漿和細(xì)胞核內(nèi)。(見圖1)
為了確保細(xì)胞的正常生理活動(dòng),其特定蛋白的合成以及運(yùn)輸都是既定的[7]。所以,有差別的蛋白質(zhì)往往分布于細(xì)胞的不同部位,它們必須在特定的部位發(fā)揮的特定功能。
蛋白質(zhì)的亞細(xì)胞定位是研究其功能的重要手段,特別是對(duì)大型基因組序列的分析來(lái)說,一個(gè)全自動(dòng)而且又可靠的蛋白質(zhì)亞細(xì)胞定位預(yù)測(cè)系統(tǒng)是必要的。預(yù)測(cè)蛋白定位的途徑:一是基于蛋白的N端信號(hào)的識(shí)別,另一個(gè)是基于氨基酸的組成[8,9]。
PKH26染色液能對(duì)多種細(xì)胞(動(dòng)植物細(xì)胞和其他胞膜)進(jìn)行有效標(biāo)記,同時(shí)對(duì)細(xì)胞的生存活力沒有影響,基于此,PKH26多用于研究細(xì)胞的增殖、遷移等[10-12]。而Hoechst 33258核染色液可以經(jīng)過牢固的細(xì)胞膜,從而與DNA結(jié)合。由于Hoechst 33258在461 nm處發(fā)出靛藍(lán)色的熒光,因此Hoechst多被用來(lái)標(biāo)記活細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞核。由于有效結(jié)合DNA后,會(huì)干擾DNA復(fù)制以及細(xì)胞分裂,所以該染料具有導(dǎo)致癌癥和畸形的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[13-15]。
本研究采用PKH26與Hoechst 33258聯(lián)合染色研究iRhom2蛋白的細(xì)胞內(nèi)定位。發(fā)現(xiàn)野生型iRhom2蛋白位于胞漿,iRhom2mut位于胞漿和胞核。根據(jù)本實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果,預(yù)測(cè)iRhom2的N端缺失影響其亞細(xì)胞定位。然而,從軟件預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)看,該缺失突變不影響其亞細(xì)胞定位。原因可能是因?yàn)閕Rhom2mut有小部分轉(zhuǎn)移到了細(xì)胞核上,或者iRhom2mut的亞細(xì)胞定位在不同的組織或者細(xì)胞類型中是不一樣的。同時(shí),iRhom2mut突變基因可能有新功能,通過調(diào)節(jié)信號(hào)通路影響其亞細(xì)胞定位,但其具體的機(jī)制,有待于后續(xù)的探索。
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(1.第三軍醫(yī)大學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物中心,重慶 400038; 2.軍事醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物中心,北京 100071)
目的 利用PKH26和Hoechst 33258聯(lián)合示蹤Uncv無(wú)毛小鼠iRhom2及其突變體蛋白在Vero細(xì)胞中的定位。方法 用PKH26對(duì)細(xì)胞膜進(jìn)行染色,同時(shí)用Hoechst 33258染料對(duì)細(xì)胞核進(jìn)行染色,置于激光共聚焦顯微鏡下觀察。結(jié)果 通過激光共聚焦熒光顯微鏡觀察目的蛋白,發(fā)現(xiàn)野生型iRhom2分布在細(xì)胞的胞漿,而iRhom2mut于細(xì)胞漿內(nèi)和細(xì)胞核內(nèi)都存在。結(jié)論 亞細(xì)胞定位的不同推測(cè)到iRhom2的N末端缺失突變可能對(duì)其細(xì)胞內(nèi)的定位有影響。
PKH26;Hoechst 33258;iRhom2;定位
PKH26 combined with Hoechst 33258 to trace theiRhom2 gene and its mutant proteins of Uncv mice in Vero cells
YOU Ying1, CHEN Bing-bo1*, ZENG Lin2*
(1.Laboratory Animal Center, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; 2.Laboratory Animal Center, the Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071)
Objective To determine the localization ofiRhom2 and its mutant proteins of Uncv mice in Vero cells by PKH26 combined with Hoechst 33258 staining. Methods The cell membrane was stained with PKH26, and the nuclei were stained with Hoechst 33258 dye, and observed by laser scanning confocal microscopy. Results It was found that wild iRhom2 was distributed in the cytoplasm, and its iRhom2mutwas present both in cytoplasm and cell nuclei. Conclusions The results of our study suggest that a deletion in N-terminal ofiRhom2 affects its subcellular localization.
PKH26; Hoechst 33258; iRhom2; localization; Vero cells; Subcelluoar localization; Uncv mice
國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目(31030058);國(guó)家科技支撐計(jì)劃(2011BA115B03)。
游穎(1990-),女,碩士研究生,研究方向:實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物分子遺傳。E-mail: youying0723@163.com
陳丙波(1964-),男,教授,碩士生導(dǎo)師。E-mail: chenbb81@126.com;曾林(1965-),男,研究員,博士生導(dǎo)師。E-mail: zenglin1965@126.com
R-33
A
1671-7856(2017) 08-0040-03
10.3969.j.issn.1671-7856. 2017.08.008
2016-12-27