鐘悅升，榮宏偉，張朝升

(廣州大學土木工程學院，廣州 510006)

污泥回流比對雙污泥BCR反硝化除磷效果的影響

鐘悅升， 榮宏偉*， 張朝升

(廣州大學土木工程學院，廣州 510006)

雙污泥工藝； 反硝化除磷菌； 脫氮除磷； 污泥回流比

1 試驗材料與方法

1.1 試驗裝置

試驗裝置主要包括了厭氧釋磷池、生物膜好氧硝化池、缺氧反硝化池以及后曝氣池，其體積分別為5.4、4.7、6.3 L，同時還設有中沉池(與生物膜好氧硝化池合建)和終沉池(與后曝氣池合建)，其體積分別為91.6、78.5 L (圖1). 厭氧釋磷池、缺氧反硝化池以及后曝氣池都分別設置了機械攪拌器，從而保證泥水能夠混合均勻. 生物膜好氧硝化池的掛膜采用的是組合填料膜片，同時采用粘砂塊微孔曝氣頭來進行曝氣，使得好氧硝化生物膜附著在上面來進行硝化作用. 工藝進水流量及曝氣量由轉子流量計調節(jié)，超越污泥流量和回流污泥流量則分別用2臺隔膜計量泵控制.

1.2 試驗用水

1:進水;2:厭氧釋磷反應池;3:生物膜好氧硝化池;4:中沉池;5:釋磷污泥;6:硝化液;7:缺氧反硝化池;8:后曝氣池;9:終沉池;10:回流污泥;11:出水;12:剩余污泥;13:曝氣頭;14:提升攪拌器;15:污泥循環(huán)泵;16:空氣壓縮機

圖1 雙污泥BCR反硝化除磷試驗裝置

1.3 試驗污泥

本次實驗的接種污泥為廣州市某污水處理廠二沉池的污泥，并在實驗室中利用SBBR反應器培養(yǎng)馴化好氧硝化生物膜，以及通過SBR反應器對污泥進行反硝化除磷馴化，使活性污泥具有穩(wěn)定而高效的脫氮除磷效果.

1.4 檢測項目及方法

1.5 工藝運行條件

水力停留時間約為8 h，流量約為2.05 L/h. 生物膜硝化池溶解氧約為4.0 mg/L，后曝氣池溶解氧約為2.0 mg/L. 當分別把回流污泥和超越污泥的回流比控制在R為0.6、0.4、0.2時，厭氧釋磷池、缺氧反硝化池和后曝氣池內污泥質量濃度基本相等，分別約為4 000～5 000、2 500～3 500、1 000～2 000 mg/L.

2 結果與討論

2.1 污泥回流比對BCR工藝CODCr去除效果的影響

CODCr的去除率隨污泥回流比降低而下降(圖2). 當污泥回流比R分別控制為0.6、0.4和0.2時，BCR系統(tǒng)的CODCr去除率均值分別為89.98%、89.48%和82.38%，相對應的出水的CODCr質量濃度均值分別為21.50、23.11、37.67 mg/L. 在污泥回流比為0.2時，由于厭氧釋磷池和缺氧反硝化池中的污泥質量濃度偏低，降低了污泥對碳源的利用效率，使工藝的CODCr的去除效果有所下降. 由于厭氧釋磷池與好氧生物膜硝化池的合建，厭氧釋磷池出水的CODCr被好氧生物膜硝化池稀釋并去除，改善了雙污泥工藝中由于CODCr進入缺氧區(qū)而帶來的不利影響.

圖2 不同回流比下BCR系統(tǒng)對ρ(COD)Cr的去除效果

Figure 2 COD removal by BCR system under different recycle ratios

圖3 不同回流比下BCR系統(tǒng)對的去除效果

Figure 3 Ammonia nitrogen removal by BCR system under different recycle ratios

圖4 BCR系統(tǒng)在不同回流比下對的去除效果

Figure 4 Nitrate nitrogen removal BCR system under different recycle ratios

圖5 BCR系統(tǒng)在不同回流比下對ρ(TN)的去除效果

Figure 5 TN removal by BCR system under different recycle ratios

2.3 污泥回流比對總磷去除的影響

圖6 BCR系統(tǒng)在不同回流比下對ρ(TP)的去除效果

Figure 6 TP removal by BCR system under different recycle ratios

3 結論

(1)把污泥回流分別控制為0.6、0.4時，BCR工藝出水中的CODCr、氮和磷都達到國家《城鎮(zhèn)污水處理廠染物排放標準》(GBl8918-2002)一級A排放標準. 在污泥回流比為0.2的條件下，處理效果明顯下降.

(2)只要厭氧釋磷區(qū)和缺氧吸磷區(qū)污泥質量濃度不低于2 000 mg/L，則污泥回流比對去除CODCr、氮和磷的影響都不大. 當超越污泥回流比和回流污泥回流比都為0.4時，雙污泥BCR反硝化除磷工藝的處理效果最好，對CODCr、磷和總氮處理效果都最好.

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【中文責編：成文 編輯助理：冷佳奕 英文審校：李海航】

Influence of Sludge Recycle Ratio on Removal of Nitrogen and Phosphorous in Two-Sludge BCR Denitrifying Phosphorus Removal Process

ZHONG Yuesheng, RONG Hongwei*, ZHANG Chaosheng

(School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China)

The influence of different sludge ratios from middle sedimentation tank to anoxic reactor (exceeding sludge ratio) and from final sedimentation tank to anaerobic reactor (recycled sludge ratio) on denitrifying phosphorus removal in two-sludge BCR denitrifying phosphorus removal process was investigated using simulated domestic wastewater. Results showed that when the ratios of two kinds of sludge are 0.6, 0.4 and 0.2, the resulting average CODCrremoval rates are 89.98%, 89.48% and 82.38%, total nitrogen removal rates are 79.94%, 80.58% and 65.47%, and phosphorus removal rates are 88.81%, 91.64% and 77.06%, respectively. The effluent COD concentrations are 20.94, 21.67 and 37.66 mg/L, total nitrogen concentrations are 5.72, 5.75 and 10.85 mg/L, and phosphorus concentrations are 0.76, 0.59 and 1.62 mg/L, respectively. Compared to two-sludge A2N process, the problem of high ammonia nitrogen has been improved. When the ratios of two kinds of sludge are 0.4, two-sludge BCR denitrifying phosphorus removal process has the best pollutant removal efficiency. Since the aeration tank and sedimentation tank are integrated, denitrifying dephosphatation with nitrate as electron acceptor occurred under anoxic condition due to contribution of denitrifying phosphorus removal bacteria.

two-sludge denitrifying phosphorus removal process; denitrifying phosphorus removing bacteria; phosphorus and nitrogen removal; sludge recycle ratio

2016-02-04 《華南師范大學學報(自然科學版)》網(wǎng)址：http://journal.scnu.edu.cn/n

國家自然科學基金項目(51278133，21477027)；廣東省科技計劃項目(2014a020216049)；廣州市教育系統(tǒng)創(chuàng)新團隊項目(13C01)

X703.1

A

1000-5463(2017)04-0057-05

*通訊作者:榮宏偉，教授，Email:rhwcn@139.com.