李紅文,李 喆,張 煒,王旭蘭,王群讓,劉新宏,邢 坤,常鳳軍
·論著·
冠心病患者高密度脂蛋白抗氧化能力及其對內皮細胞增殖、遷移的影響研究
李紅文1,李 喆1,張 煒1,王旭蘭2,王群讓3,劉新宏1,邢 坤1,常鳳軍1
目的 探究冠心病(CHD)患者高密度脂蛋白(HDL)抗氧化能力及其對內皮細胞增殖、遷移的影響。方法 選取2015年6—12月就診于陜西中醫(yī)藥大學附屬醫(yī)院心內科的CHD患者48例,另選取同期在陜西中醫(yī)藥大學附屬醫(yī)院體檢健康者28例,采用密度梯度離心法提取CHD患者和體檢健康者HDL,采用cell-free法檢測HDL抗氧化能力,比較CHD患者和體檢健康者HDL的相對熒光強度值(RFU)。將4代人臍靜脈內皮細胞(HUVECs)分為空白對照組(不做任何處理)、陽性對照組(加入血管內皮生長因子)、對照組(加入體檢健康者HDL)、實驗組(加入CHD患者HDL),采用CCK-8細胞增殖檢測試劑盒檢測內皮細胞增殖情況,比較4組內皮細胞吸光度值;采用細胞劃痕實驗檢測內皮細胞遷移能力,比較4組內皮細胞“水渠”寬度比值;采用Western bloting法檢測HDL對內皮細胞磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)、絲氨酸/蘇氨酸激酶(AKT)、磷酸化磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(P-PI3K)、磷酸化絲氨酸/蘇氨酸激酶(P-AKT)蛋白表達的影響,比較空白對照組、對照組和實驗組內皮細胞PI3K/GAPDH、AKT/GAPDH、P-PI3K/PI3K、P-AKT/AKT蛋白灰度值比值。結果 CHD患者HDL的RFU高于體檢健康者(P<0.05)。空白對照組和實驗組內皮細胞吸光度值高于陽性對照組和對照組(P<0.05)。實驗組內皮細胞“水渠”寬度比值低于陽性對照組和對照組(P<0.05)??瞻讓φ战M、對照組和實驗組內皮細胞PI3K/GAPDH和AKT/GAPDH蛋白灰度值比值比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05);對照組內皮細胞P-PI3K/PI3K和P-AKT/AKT蛋白灰度值比值高于空白對照組和實驗組,實驗組內皮細胞P-PI3K/PI3K和P-AKT/AKT蛋白灰度值比值低于空白對照組(P<0.05)。結論 CHD患者HDL抗氧化能力減弱,HDL可能通過抑制PI3K-AKT通路而影響內皮細胞增殖和遷移。
冠心病;高密度脂蛋白;內皮細胞;細胞增殖;細胞遷移
李紅文,李喆,張煒,等.冠心病患者高密度脂蛋白抗氧化能力及其對內皮細胞增殖、遷移的影響研究[J].實用心腦肺血管病雜志,2017,25(6):23-28.[www.syxnf.net]
LI H W,LI Z,ZHANG W,et al.Antioxidant ability of high density lipoprotein and the impact on proliferation and migration of endothelial cells in patients with coronary heart disease[J].Practical Journal of Cardiac Cerebral Pneumal and Vascular Disease,2017,25(6):23-28.
冠心病(coronary heart disease,CHD)是冠狀動脈粥樣硬化引起血管管腔狹窄或阻塞所致的心肌缺血、缺氧或壞死性心臟病,心肌缺血后機體可通過毛細血管新生及建立側支循環(huán)而代償性增加冠狀動脈血供,進而防止和延緩心肌損傷[1-4]。血管新生包括內皮細胞增殖、遷移及分化等過程,該生理過程由多種生長因子和信號通路參與[5]。臨床研究表明,高密度脂蛋白(high density lipoprotein,HDL)具有逆向轉運膽固醇、抗炎、保護內皮細胞、促進血管新生、抗氧化、抗凝等作用,已被證實是心血管事件的獨立預測因子[6-8]。但近年有關膽固醇酯轉移蛋白(cholesteryl ester transfer protein,CETP)抑制研究的失敗使研究者意識到HDL的“質量”可能比HDL的“數(shù)量”更具臨床意義[9-14]。本研究旨在探究冠心病患者HDL抗氧化能力及其對內皮細胞增殖、遷移的影響,現(xiàn)報道如下。
1.1 一般資料 選取2015年6—12月就診于陜西中醫(yī)藥大學附屬醫(yī)院心內科的CHD患者48例,均符合2007年歐洲心臟學會(ESC)、美國心臟病學會基金會(ACCF)、美國心臟學會(AHA)聯(lián)合發(fā)布的CHD診斷標準,另選取同期在陜西中醫(yī)藥大學附屬醫(yī)院體檢健康者28例,排除合并糖尿病、高血壓、腎衰竭、嚴重感染性疾病者。兩組受試者年齡、性別、體質指數(shù)比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05,見表1),具有可比性。本研究經陜西中醫(yī)藥大學附屬醫(yī)院醫(yī)學倫理委員會審核批準,所有受試者對本研究知情同意并自愿簽署知情同意書。
表1 CHD患者與體檢健康者一般資料比較
Table 1 Comparison of general information between patients with coronary heart disease and healthy people
受試者例數(shù)年齡(x±s,歲)性別(男/女)體質指數(shù)(x±s,kg/m2)體檢健康者2844 5±9 116/1220 32±0 76CHD患者4845 8±10 726/2222 84±0 65t(χ2)值1 081 14a2 36P值0 140 120 21
注:CHD=冠心??;a為χ2值
1.2 主要試劑及儀器 超高速離心管(38 ml,Beckman Coulter公司,美國),乙二酰四乙酸(EDTA)(Sigma公司,美國),BHT(Sigma公司,美國),濾器(Merk Millipore公司,美國),BCA蛋白濃度測定試劑盒(Thermo Scientific 公司,美國),4 ℃冰箱(海爾,中國),氯化銅(CuCl2)(Sigma公司,美國),2′,7′-二氯熒光素二乙酸酯(DCFH-DA)(Calbiochem公司,美國),酶標儀(Spectra Max Gemini XS,Molecular Devices公司,美國),人臍靜脈內皮細胞(HUVECs)(ScienCell公司,美國),96孔細胞板(Corning Coster公司,美國),血管內皮生長因子(VEGF)(R&D公司,美國),ECM培養(yǎng)基(ScienCell公司,美國),CCK-8細胞增殖檢測試劑盒(凱基生物科技有限公司,南京),24孔細胞板(Corning Coster公司,美國),顯微鏡(Olympus公司,美國),磷酸鹽緩沖液(Gibco公司,美國),6孔細胞板(Corning Coster公司,美國)。
1.3 方法
1.3.1 HDL提取方法 參考文獻[15],采用密度梯度離心法提取HDL,具體步驟如下:將體檢健康者和CHD患者空腹靜脈血在4 ℃環(huán)境下4 000 r/min離心10 min,分離血漿并移入預冷的超高速離心管中,加入1∶500比例的EDTA 134 mM和1∶10 000比例的BHT 200 mM后離心3次(4 ℃,50 000 r/min離心21 h)。離心結束后血漿因成分密度不同而發(fā)生分層,采用無菌注射器小心吸取HDL并用0.22 μm濾器過濾后采用BCA蛋白濃度測定試劑盒測定其濃度,提取完畢的HDL存放于4 ℃冰箱備用(有效儲存時間為3周)。
1.3.2 抗氧化能力檢測方法 參照文獻[16],采用cell-free法檢測HDL抗氧化能力,具體步驟如下:取體檢健康者和冠心病患者相同質量HDL(100 μg/ml),分別加入CuCl2(21.7 μmol/L)10 μl孵育1 h,孵育至30 min時分別加入2.0 mg/ml的DCFH-DA 10 μl(注意避光),繼續(xù)孵育30 min。采用酶標儀連續(xù)12 h檢測HDL的相對熒光強度值(relative fluorescence units,RFU)。
1.3.3 內皮細胞增殖能力檢測方法 將4代HUVECs按6 000個/cm2的密度加入96孔細胞板內培養(yǎng)至細胞鋪滿細胞板約50%,將細胞板分為空白對照組、陽性對照組、對照組和實驗組??瞻讓φ战M不做任何處理,陽性對照組加入含50 ng/ml VEGF的無血清ECM培養(yǎng)基,對照組加入含體檢健康者100 μg/ml HDL的無血清ECM培養(yǎng)基,實驗組加入含冠心病患者100 μg/ml HDL的無血清ECM培養(yǎng)基。繼續(xù)孵育12 h后采用CCK-8細胞增殖檢測試劑盒檢測內皮細胞吸光度值(450 nm)。
1.3.4 內皮細胞遷移能力檢測方法 采用細胞劃痕實驗檢測內皮細胞遷移能力,具體步驟如下:將4代HUVECs按8×104個/ml的密度加入24孔細胞板內培養(yǎng)至細胞鋪滿細胞板>95%,將細胞板分為空白對照組、陽性對照組、對照組和實驗組。采用200 μl移液嘴將24孔細胞板直徑一分為二,采用磷酸鹽緩沖液洗去細胞碎屑??瞻讓φ战M不做任何處理,陽性對照組加入含50 ng/ml VEGF的無血清ECM培養(yǎng)基,對照組加入含體檢健康者100 μg/ml HDL的無血清ECM培養(yǎng)基,實驗組加入含冠心病患者100 μg/ml HDL的無血清ECM培養(yǎng)基,孵育12 h后于顯微鏡下拍照記錄內皮細胞“水渠”寬度,以空白對照組內皮細胞“水渠”寬度作為1,分別計算陽性對照組、對照組和實驗組內皮細胞“水渠”寬度比值。
1.3.5 蛋白表達檢測方法 將4代HUVECs加入6孔細胞板內培養(yǎng)至細胞鋪滿細胞板>95%,將細胞板分為空白對照組、對照組和實驗組??瞻讓φ战M不做任何處理,對照組加入體檢健康者100 μg/ml HDL,實驗組加入冠心病患者100 μg/ml HDL。孵育1 h后提取內皮細胞蛋白,采用Western bloting法檢測3組內皮細胞磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)、絲氨酸/蘇氨酸激酶(AKT)、磷酸化磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(P-PI3K)、磷酸化絲氨酸/蘇氨酸激酶(P-AKT)蛋白表達情況,主要步驟為蛋白電泳、基質膠轉膜、封閉液封閉蛋白-4 ℃搖床過夜孵育一抗、室溫孵育二抗1 h、顯影、定影、曝光膠片、烘干膠片、掃描膠片,記錄灰度值。以內參GAPDH灰度值作為對照,分別計算內皮細胞PI3K/GAPDH、AKT/GAPDH蛋白灰度值比值;分別以PI3K灰度值、AKT灰度值作為對照,計算P-PI3K/PI3K、P-AKT/AKT蛋白灰度值比值。
2.1 HDL抗氧化能力 體檢健康者HDL的RFU為(376.89±56.45),CHD患者為(1 002.94±104.33),CHD患者HDL的RFU高于體檢健康者,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(t=26.38,P<0.05)。
2.2 HDL對內皮細胞增殖的影響 4組內皮細胞吸光度值比較,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05);空白對照組和實驗組內皮細胞吸光度值高于陽性對照組和對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05,見表2)。
2.3 HDL對內皮細胞遷移的影響 4組內皮細胞“水渠”寬度比值比較,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05);實驗組內皮細胞“水渠”寬度比值高于陽性對照組和對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05,見表2、圖1)。
2.4 HDL對內皮細胞PI3K、AKT、P-PI3K、P-AKT蛋白表達的影響 空白對照組、對照組和實驗組內皮細胞PI3K/GAPDH和AKT/GAPDH蛋白灰度值比值比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05)??瞻讓φ战M、對照組和實驗組組內皮細胞P-PI3K/PI3K和P-AKT/AKT蛋白灰度值比值比較,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05);對照組內皮細胞P-PI3K/PI3K和P-AKT/AKT蛋白灰度值比值高于空白對照組和實驗組,實驗組內皮細胞P-PI3K/PI3K和P-AKT/AKT蛋白灰度值比值低于空白對照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05,見表3、圖2~3)。
Table 2 Comparison of absorbance value and ratio of "channel" width of endothelial cells among the four groups
組別吸光度值“水渠”寬度比值空白對照組0 35±0 02ab1陽性對照組1 38±0 030 13±0 04對照組1 26±0 030 23±0 09實驗組0 45±0 02ab0 53±0 13abF值405 60368 50P值<0 0001<0 001
注:與陽性對照組比較,aP<0.05;與對照組比較,bP<0.05
圖1 4組內皮細胞“水渠”寬度
Table 3 Comparison of protein gray value ratio of PI3K/GAPDH,AKT/GAPDH,P-PI3K/PI3K and P-AKT/AKT of endothelial cells among the three groups
組別PI3K/GAPDHAKT/GAPDHP?PI3K/PI3KP?AKT/AKT空白對照組0 51±0 190 41±0 090 47±0 09a0 35±0 06a對照組0 50±0 170 43±0 110 58±0 110 50±0 04實驗組0 49±0 210 43±0 080 17±0 06ab0 10±0 03abF值2 112 326 547 13P值>0 05>0 05<0 05<0 05
注:PI3K=磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶,AKT=絲氨酸/蘇氨酸激酶,P-PI3K=磷酸化磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶,P-AKT=磷酸化絲氨酸/蘇氨酸激酶;與對照組比較,aP<0.05;與空白對照組比較,bP<0.05
注:PI3K=磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶,AKT=絲氨酸/蘇氨酸激酶,P-PI3K=磷酸化磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶,P-AKT=磷酸化絲氨酸/蘇氨酸激酶
圖2 空白對照組、對照組和實驗組組內皮細胞PI3K、AKT、P-PI3K、P-AKT蛋白電泳結果
Figure 2 Protein electrophoresis results of PI3K,AKT,P-PI3K and P-AKT of endothelial cells of the three groups
注:與空白對照組比較,aP<0.05;與實驗組比較,bP<0.05
圖3 空白對照組、對照組和實驗組內皮細胞PI3K/GAPDH、AKT/GAPDH、P-PI3K/PI3K、P-AKT/AKT蛋白灰度值比值比較的柱狀圖
Figure 3 Histogram plot for comparison of protein gray value ratio of PI3K/GAPDH,AKT/GAPDH,P-PI3K/PI3K and P-AKT/AKT of endothelial cells among the three groups
心肌缺血和心肌梗死可危及患者生命安全,而心肌缺血后血管新生可有效挽救患者梗死心肌,但目前血管新生的確切機制尚未完全明確。血管新生包括內皮細胞增殖、遷移和分化等過程,且該生理過程由多種信號通路和生長因子參與[5]。HDL因具有逆向轉運膽固醇等作用而被認為是心血管保護因子[6];除此之外,HDL還具有抗炎、保護內皮細胞、促進血管新生、抗氧化、抗凝等作用[6-8]。ZHANG等[17]研究表明,從健康對照者血液中提取出來的HDL可通過活化PI3K/AKT信號通路而活化細胞周期蛋白并誘導內皮細胞增殖、遷移及血管生成。SUMI等[18]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),人工合成的HDL刺激內皮細胞增殖、分化及血管新生的通路亦是PI3K/AKT信號通路。正常HDL無疑是恢復CHD患者梗死心肌血液供應的強心劑[19],但越來越多的研究表明,CHD患者和健康對照者HDL的結構和功能均存在差異[20-23]:冠心病患者HDL的載脂蛋白AⅠ中的酪氨酸易被髓過氧化物酶(myeloperoxidase,MPO)修飾而使其抗氧化能力減弱;CHD患者HDL的組成成分也與健康對照者HDL不同,CHD患者HDL失去了健康對照者HDL活化AKT/內皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)的能力[24]。近期有研究顯示,失功能HDL促進內皮細胞管狀形成的能力減弱[25]。
本研究結果顯示,CHD患者HDL的RFU高于體檢健康者,提示CHD患者HDL抗氧化能力減弱;空白對照組和實驗組內皮細胞吸光度值高于陽性對照組和對照組,實驗組內皮細胞“水渠”寬度比值低于陽性對照組和對照組,提示CHD患者HDL促進內皮細胞增殖、遷移能力減弱。PI3K可參與調節(jié)細胞內多種生理過程,主要包括控制細胞周期、細胞分化、細胞存活、細胞侵襲及血管生成等,其下游靶分子是AKT。AKT被激活后可誘導細胞核反應、促進基因表達,導致細胞增殖與分化。本研究結果顯示,空白對照組、對照組和實驗組內皮細胞PI3K/GAPDH和AKT/GAPDH蛋白灰度值比值間無差異,對照組內皮細胞P-PI3K/PI3K和P-AKT/AKT蛋白灰度值比值高于空白對照組和實驗組,實驗組內皮細胞P-PI3K/PI3K和P-AKT/AKT蛋白灰度值比值低于空白對照組,提示CHD患者的HDL可抑制內皮細胞PI3K和AKT蛋白磷酸化(激活),進而導致HDL促進內皮細胞增殖、遷移能力減弱。
綜上所述,CHD患者HDL抗氧化能力減弱,HDL可能通過抑制PI3K-AKT通路而影響內皮細胞增殖和遷移,改善HDL抗氧化能力可能是CHD患者血管新生療法的新途徑。
作者貢獻:常鳳軍進行實驗設計與實施、撰寫論文、成文并對文章負責;李紅文、李喆、張煒、王旭蘭進行實驗實施、評估、資料收集整理;王群讓、劉新宏、邢坤進行質量控制及審校。
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(本文編輯:謝武英)
Antioxidant Ability of High Density Lipoprotein and the Impact on Proliferation and Migration of Endothelial Cells in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease
LIHong-wen1,LIZhe1,ZHANGWei1,WANGXu-lan2,WANGQun-rang3,LIUXin-hong1,XINGKun1,CHANGFeng-jun1
1.TheThirdDepartmentofCardiovascularMedicine,thePeople′sHospitalofShaanxiProvince,Xi′an710000,China2.MedicalSchoolofXianyangVocationalandTechnicalCollege,Xianyang712000,China3.DepartmentofCardiology,theAffiliatedHospitalofShaanxiUniversityofTraditionalChineseMedicine,Xianyang712000,ChinaCorrespondingauthor:CHANGFeng-jun,E-mail:mss0392@126.com
Objective To study the antioxidant ability of high density lipoprotein and the impact on proliferation and migration of endothelial cells in patients with coronary heart disease.Methods From June to December in 2015 in the Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,48 patients with coronary heart disease in the Department of Cardiology and 28 healthy people admitted to this hospital for physical examination were selected,density-gradient centrifugation method was used to extract high density lipoprotein,and cell-free method was used to detect the antioxidant ability of high density lipoprotein,then relative fluorescence unit(RFU)was compared between patients with coronary heart disease and healthy people.The fourth generation of HUVECs were divided into A group(without any intervention),B group(added with vascular endothelial growth factor),C group(added with high density lipoprotein of healthy people)and D group(added with high density lipoprotein of patients with coronary heart disease),CCK-8 Cell Proliferation Detection Kit was used to detect the proliferation of endothelial cells,and absorbance value was compared among the four groups;cell scratch-wound test was used to detect the migration of endothelial cells,and the ratio of "channel" width was compared among the four groups;Western bloting method was used to detect the impact of high density lipoprotein on protein expression of PI3K,AKT,P-PI3K and P-AKT of endothelial cells,and protein gray value ratio of PI3K/GAPDH,AKT/GAPDH,P-PI3K/PI3K and P-AKT/AKT was compared among A group,C group and D group.Results RFU of high density lipoprotein of patients with coronary heart disease was statistically significantly higher than that of healthy people(P<0.05).Absorbance value of endothelial cells of A group and D group was statistically significantly higher than that of B group and C group,respectively(P<0.05).Ratio of "channel" width of endothelial cells of D group was statistically significantly lower than that of B group and C group,respectively(P<0.05).No statistically significant differences of protein gray value ratio of PI3K/GAPDH or AKT/GAPDH of endothelial cells was found among A group,C group and D group(P>0.05);protein gray value ratio of P-PI3K/PI3K and P-AKT/AKT of endothelial cells of C group was statistically significantly higher than that of A group and D group,respectively,while protein gray value ratio of P-PI3K/PI3K and P-AKT/AKT of endothelial cells of D group was statistically significantly lower than that of A group(P<0.05).Conclusion Antioxidant ability of high density lipoprotein is significantly decreased in patients with coronary heart disease,high density lipoprotein may affect the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells through inhibiting PI3K-AKT signal pathway.
Coronary disease;High density lipoprotein;Endothelial cells;Cell proliferation ;Cell migration
國家自然科學基金專項基金資助項目(81341112)
常鳳軍,E-mail:mss0392@126.com
R 541.4
A
10.3969/j.issn.1008-5971.2017.06.006
2017-03-06;
2017-06-20)
1.710000陜西省西安市,陜西省人民醫(yī)院心血管內三科
2.712000陜西省咸陽市,咸陽職業(yè)技術學院醫(yī)學院
3.712000陜西省咸陽市,陜西中醫(yī)藥大學附屬醫(yī)院心內科