卡韋事務(wù)所 比羅·桑特·恩可景觀設(shè)計有限公司

東部公園攀爬游樂環(huán)

卡韋事務(wù)所 比羅·桑特·恩可景觀設(shè)計有限公司

建于1891年的東部公園是阿姆斯特丹19世紀擴張時期的產(chǎn)物，同時也是第一個由政府組織建造的大型公共公園。風(fēng)景園林師萊昂納多·施普林格(Leonard Springer)設(shè)計了一個有著高大樹木、蜿蜒小徑和開闊池塘的英式古典風(fēng)格城市公園。和其他公共公園相似，東部公園周邊分布有眾多城市公共服務(wù)建筑，如荷蘭皇家熱帶學(xué)院(the Koninklijk Instituut voor de Tropen)、大學(xué)及北側(cè)背向坐落的熱帶博物館(Tropenmuseum)等紀念性建筑。

自2011年以來，設(shè)計團隊一直致力于實現(xiàn)建筑與公園的融合，雖然該計劃早在19世紀之初就有所體現(xiàn)，但卻由于預(yù)算限制遲遲未能實現(xiàn)。從現(xiàn)狀來看，柵欄和高臺階將紀念性建筑與公園隔絕。對此，桑特有限公司(Sant en Co.)作出了全新的設(shè)計，他們計劃將公園延伸到建筑物周邊，拆除原有柵欄，增加綠地面積，并將一部分私有區(qū)域作為公園公共空間向大眾開放。最終，改造后的東部公園將實現(xiàn)公園規(guī)模的擴張及建筑與公園綠地的融合上的雙贏。

1 總平面圖Site plan

除了規(guī)模擴張之外，公園在現(xiàn)有基礎(chǔ)上也進行了改善，設(shè)計師增加新的道路以擴充現(xiàn)有的道路系統(tǒng)，同時翻新入口，拓展現(xiàn)有水體面積。至此，設(shè)計師將公園的新舊功能整合到現(xiàn)有公園中，使之與施普林格原有的設(shè)計相統(tǒng)一。

增設(shè)“攀爬游樂環(huán)”便是眾多改善措施之一，游樂環(huán)坐落于一個露天學(xué)校對面、公園的西北角上一片先前不具備任何功能的草地上。88m長的攀爬游樂環(huán)是一個充滿冒險氣息的游戲設(shè)施，它時而上升、時而下沖、時而旋轉(zhuǎn)形成狹窄的流線，其獨特的造型圍合出一個獨立的內(nèi)部空間。精妙的設(shè)計為這個玩樂空間開創(chuàng)了一個全新的局面。

為保證樹冠和樹根不受干擾，設(shè)計師利用高大的樹木來確定游樂環(huán)的具體位置和形狀。除此之外，設(shè)計師還作出了另一項革新：在這個項目中，摒棄了現(xiàn)代城市中廣泛采用的人造安全墊面，取而代之的是自然材料制造的安全表面。沙子，作為這塊場地最基礎(chǔ)的游戲表面材料，將整個場地營造成了一個具有原始氣息游樂場，在此基礎(chǔ)上，游樂環(huán)作為遮蔽設(shè)施進行掩護，使沙子不容易被風(fēng)吹走。另外，由于脆弱的樹根僅能承載少量的外部荷載，游樂環(huán)的構(gòu)造便需要保持輕盈，這種結(jié)構(gòu)僅有幾個位點與地面相接觸，很大程度上減小了結(jié)構(gòu)與樹根接觸的可能性。

這個簡易的游樂設(shè)施吸引著孩子們在上面奔跑、攀爬和滑滑梯。因為構(gòu)造本身有幾個明顯的抬高點，所以對于4～8歲兒童而言，這就像是一個極具挑戰(zhàn)性的過山車。此外，游樂環(huán)本身具有很強的容納能力，在最忙碌的時候，可以同時容納超過100個孩子在游樂環(huán)的上面及周圍玩耍。根據(jù)孩子們年齡差異和運動偏好的不同，設(shè)計師給游樂環(huán)賦予了多種多樣的使用形式：陡峭部分的環(huán)體形成一個普通滑梯，而另一部分的環(huán)體又變化為管狀滑梯，其中一個拱形構(gòu)造下方放置著秋千，而另一部分的平臺則被劃分成兩個不同的高度。在場地的入口，環(huán)體抬升形成一個 “拱”，直通環(huán)構(gòu)造圍合的內(nèi)部空間。隨著人們行進活動的變化，游樂環(huán)的形態(tài)也會因觀察角度的不同而發(fā)生改變，該設(shè)計良好地激發(fā)了構(gòu)造上部與下部、內(nèi)部與外部空間之間的互動。

主流觀點認為游樂設(shè)施的色彩應(yīng)該盡可能豐富，但本設(shè)計試圖結(jié)合雙重思想：游樂環(huán)主要結(jié)構(gòu)涂層的顏色與公園里其他的新元素色彩相一致——采用煤黑色。在此之上增加了兩條色彩漸變的線，巧妙地將繽紛的色彩融合在這一長而連續(xù)的環(huán)形設(shè)施上，使游樂環(huán)像一道彩色的閃電貫穿整個公園，讓人耳目一新的同時又不會過于搶眼。

(編輯／吳曉彤)

2 透視圖Perspective view

3 88m長的攀爬游樂環(huán)The 88 meter long play garland

設(shè)計時間：2012—2015年

建成時間：2016年2月

客戶：阿姆斯特丹市政府

項目區(qū)位：阿姆斯特丹東部公園

設(shè)計尺寸：88m長的環(huán)狀游樂設(shè)施

設(shè)計團隊：埃爾赫·比利茨,托馬斯·蒂爾·格羅恩斯坦奇，盧卡斯·博凱爾, 賈斯伯·凡·德·沙夫,馬克·凡·德·英格, 瑪蓮·比克

合作伙伴：比羅·桑特·恩可景觀設(shè)計有限公司

攝影：卡韋事務(wù)所設(shè)計團隊(瑪蓮·比克、賈斯伯·凡·德·沙夫)

翻譯：羅雨薇

校對：王晞月

4 拱形構(gòu)造下方放置著秋千，其獨特的造型圍合出一個獨立的內(nèi)部空間The object lifts up and creates an 'arch' ,Creates an inner world by its distinctive shape

5 時而上升、時而下沖、時而旋轉(zhuǎn)形成狹窄的流線An object that rises up, dives downwards and turns into a narrow line

The Oosterpark, built in 1891, is part of the Amsterdam 19th century extension girdle, and is the first large public park that was realised by the municipality. Landscape architect Leonard Springer designed a classic English landscape style city park with monumental trees, meandering lines and a large water pond. Traditionally, the Oosterpark has been flanked by public functions like the Koninklijk Instituut voor de Tropen, university buildings and the Tropenmuseum - monumental buildings that are located in the northern zone but which 'turn their back' towards the park.

Since 2011, plans are being made to integrate the buildings into the park. This was also the original plan in the 19th century, which was never realised due to budget constraints. In the current situation the monumental buildings are screened off from the park by fences and elevations in the terrain. The new design for the Oosterpark, by Sant en Co, enables the park to extend around these buildings. The fences will be removed, the grass area will be extended and parts of the private property will be added to the public space of the park. As a result, the Oosterpark 'doubles' in size and merges the built and green part of the park into one.

Apart from the physical extension, also the existing park has been upgraded. New path structures were added to improve the structure, the entries have been upgraded and the existing water bodies are enlarged. Additionally, new and existing public park functions were integrated into the park, in harmony with the existing design by Springer.

One of these additions is the 'Play Garland Oosterpark', situated on a former functionless grass field in the north-western corner, in frontof a former open air school. The 88 meter long play garland is an adventurous platform which is transformed to a play structure: an object that rises up, dives downwards and turns into a narrow line -and which creates an inner world by its distinctive shape. The delicate character of the garland adds a new dimension to the play space.

6 游樂環(huán)的構(gòu)造需保持輕盈The play object has been kept very light weight

7 自然材料制造的安全界面,沙子將整個場地營造成了一個具有原始氣息游樂場A natural safety surfacing is applied, Sand turns the whole site into a natural play zone

As the canopies and tree roots may not be disturbed, it were the monumental trees that determined the exact location and shape of the object. These parameters also had another advantage: while in cities almost always artificialsafety surfacing is used, in this case a natural safety surfacing could be applied. The play sand, which will not be blown away because of the sheltered setting, is the ultimate playing material and turns the whole site into a play zone. The frailty of the tree roots asked for as little weight as possible, which is why the play object has been kept very light weight; only on a few points it actually touches the ground.

The simplicity of the object invites to run, climb and slide. Because the object rises up in the air considerably at several points, it is a particularly challenging roller-coaster for children between 4-8 years old. Furthermore, the capacity of the play garland is very high; on a busy day, more than hundred children can play simultaneously on and around the object. Depending on age and motor skills, children use the garland in various ways. On the steep parts, the path is also a slide, and on one side the garland transforms into a tube slide. Underneath one of its arches, hammocks are placed, and another section of the platform is divided into two different levels. At the entrances to the site, the object lifts up and creates an 'arch' that opens up towards the inner space. The meandering movement creates a constantly changing perspective, which stimulates the interaction between above and below, and between inside and outside.

8 游樂設(shè)施吸引著孩子們在上面奔跑、攀爬和滑梯The simplicity of the object invites to run, climb and slide

The dominant perception is that play objects should be as colourful as possible. This design tries to unite a dual thought. The main structure of the object is coated in the same colour as all new park elements - anthracite black. As a quip two coloured lines were added, which gradually change their colour. With this, the common 'colour explosion'is reduced to one long, continuous line - by which the object is visible throughout the park as a colour flash, without being dominant.

9 游樂設(shè)施吸引著孩子們在上面奔跑、攀爬和滑梯The simplicity of the object invites to run, climb and slide.

10 結(jié)構(gòu)升起的位置下方形成拱形的空間The object lifts up and creates an 'arch'

11 陡峭部分的環(huán)體形成一個滑梯On the steep parts, the path is also a slide

Time of design: 2012-2015

Time of completion: February 2016

Client: Municipality of Amsterdam

Location: Oosterpark, Amsterdam

Size: 88 meter long play garland

Design team: Carve Landscape Architecture (Elger Blitz, Thomas Tiel Groenestege, Lucas Beukers, Jasper van der Schaaf, Thijs van der Zouwen, Mark van der Eng, Marleen Beek)

Collaboration: Buro Sant en Co landschapsarchitecten

Photography: Carve (Marleen Beek, Jasper van der Schaaf)

Translator: LUO Yu-wei

Proofreading: WANG Xi-yue

Play Garland Oosterpark

Carve Landscape Architecture, Buro Sant en Co landschapsarchitecten

12、13 游樂設(shè)施吸引著孩子們在上面奔跑、攀爬和滑梯The simplicity of the object invites to run, climb and slide

14、15 兩條色彩漸變的扶手,以高大喬木的位置為依據(jù)確定游樂環(huán)的具體位置和形狀A(yù)s a quip two colored lines were added,the monumental trees determined the exact location and shape of the object