華中科技大學(xué) 侯冬意 供稿

中考英語動詞真題解析和演練

華中科技大學(xué) 侯冬意 供稿

解答動詞類題，不僅需要對動詞詞匯和短語的記憶和積累，還應(yīng)注意以下幾點：找出時間狀語，結(jié)合語境，確定相應(yīng)的時態(tài)；根據(jù)主語的單、復(fù)數(shù)來確定動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)；判斷主語和謂語動詞的關(guān)系，來確定是主動語態(tài)還是被動語態(tài)。檢查時，應(yīng)注意單詞的拼寫，尤其是不規(guī)則動詞的過去式、過去分詞；還應(yīng)注意所填或所選的詞或者短語與上下文提供的語境是否相符，尤其是完形填空中，回頭看上下文尤為重要。

【真題解析】

1.—Tom,let’s hang out after school.

—Sorry.I have____Frank to work on the biology report with him.(2016廈門)

A.advised B.expected C.promised

【答案】C

【解析】該題考查的是動詞的辨析。advise意為“建議”；expect意為“期待”；promise意為“承諾”。根據(jù)問句句意“湯姆，咱們放學(xué)后出去玩吧”以及答句中的“對不起”和“和他一起做生物學(xué)報告”，可推測本題應(yīng)填詞義為“承諾”，結(jié)合山下文可知該處應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在完成時，因此正確答案為C。

2.Their football team was____in that important game.(2016山東威海)

A.won B.beaten C.failed

【答案】B

【解析】該題考查的是動詞的辨析。win意為“贏得比賽”，后接賓語時一般接某比賽；beat意為“打??；戰(zhàn)勝”；fail意為“失敗”，是不及物動詞。根據(jù)主語Their football team，結(jié)合was可知本句是一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，其中Their football team是動詞的動作承受者，可推斷句意為“他們的足球隊在那場重要的比賽中被打敗了”，因此正確答案為B。

3.—Hi,Nora.Is your mother at home？

—Just a minute!She____flowers in the garden.(2016南京)

A.plant B.is planting C.planted D.was planting

【答案】B

【解析】該題考查的是動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)問句句意“Nora，你媽媽在家嗎？”以及答句中的“等一會兒”，可知“媽媽正在花園種花”，本題填空處應(yīng)選擇現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時；主語She，為第三人稱單數(shù)，進(jìn)行時結(jié)構(gòu)中的be動詞應(yīng)選用is，因此正確答案為B。

4.Unless the weather____,we’ll have to cancel the picnic.(2016廣東)

A.improve B.improves C.improved D.will improve

【答案】B

【解析】該題考查的是動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)句意“除非天氣有所改善，否則我們不得不取消野餐”，可知該句為unless引導(dǎo)一個表假設(shè)的條件狀語從句。在含有條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句中，如果主句是一般將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。從句的主語the weather是第三人稱單數(shù)，所以謂語動詞應(yīng)選擇第三人稱單數(shù)形式，因此正確答案為B。

5.It seems that El Nino____some disasters in the world in the past few months.(2016鹽城)

A.has caused B.is causing C.will cause D.caused

【答案】A

【解析】該題考查的是動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)時間狀語in the past few months，可知句意為“似乎厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象在過去的幾個月里已經(jīng)在世界上引起了一些災(zāi)難”，強(qiáng)調(diào)了厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象對于現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果和影響，所以該題從句應(yīng)選擇現(xiàn)在完成時；從句的主語El Nino為單數(shù)，所以現(xiàn)在完成時結(jié)構(gòu)has/have done的助動詞用has，cause的過去分詞為caused，因此正確答案為A。

6.—Where were you when I called？

—I____on the bed.(2016大慶)

A.lied B.was lying C.lay D.was lieing

【答案】B

【解析】該題考查的是動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)問句句意“當(dāng)我給你打電話時你在哪里？”，可知答句的動作應(yīng)在過去某一時刻，即“我給你電話時”正在進(jìn)行中，本題填空處應(yīng)選擇過去進(jìn)行時；主語為第一人稱I，進(jìn)行時結(jié)構(gòu)中的be動詞應(yīng)選用was，動詞lie的現(xiàn)在分詞為lying，因此正確答案為B。

7.The passengers____show their ID cards before getting on the plane.(2016株洲)

A.might B.must C.could

【答案】B

【解析】該題考查的是情態(tài)動詞的辨析。might意為“可能”；must意為“一定”；could意為“可能”。根據(jù)問句句意“在登上飛機(jī)之前乘客必須出示他們的身份證”，此題應(yīng)選擇must，因此正確答案為B。

8.—Mum,I’m going climbing.Must I clean the room now？

—No,you____.You can do it this evening.(2016郴州)

A.can’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t

【答案】C

【解析】該題考查的是情態(tài)動詞的辨析。根據(jù)答句中的“No”和“You can do it this evening.”可知該答句是否定的回答。根據(jù)問句句意“媽媽，我將要去爬山。我現(xiàn)在必須打掃房間嗎？”可知答句為“不必。你可以今天晚上打掃”。問句中的must意為“必須”，其否定回答可用needn’t或者don’t have to；mustn’t意為“不禁止”；can’t意為“不能”或者“不可能”，因此正確答案為C。

9.—Mum,what are you cooking in the kitchen？It____so good!

—Fried noodles.(2016福州)

A.smells B.tastes C.sounds

【答案】A

【解析】該題考查的是系動詞的辨析。根據(jù)問句“媽媽，你在廚房里正做什么？”，可以推斷應(yīng)該是媽媽正在廚房里飯，還沒有做完，因此是聞起來很棒而不是嘗起來很棒。smell意為“聞”，taste意為“嘗”，sound意為“聽”，主語it為第三人稱單數(shù)，系動詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，因此正確答案為A。

10.—Oh,my god.I____2kg this month.

—Don’t worry.It’s normal for a growing teenage girl.(2016湖北)

A.put up B.put off C.put on D.put down

【答案】C

【解析】該題考查的是動詞短語。put up意為“張貼，舉起”；put off意為“推遲”；put on意為“增加，穿上”；put down意為“放下”。根據(jù)答句句意“不要擔(dān)心。對于一個正在成長的十幾歲的女孩很正?！?，可推測問句句意為“哦，我的天啊。這個月體重增加了兩千克?！?，因此正確答案為C。

11.—The fire____at around 3 a.m.local time when people were celebrating with fireworks.

—I’m sorry to hear it.(2016連云港)

A.broke out B.ran out C.went out D.put out

【答案】A

【解析】該題考查的是動詞短語。break out意為“突然發(fā)生，爆發(fā)”；run out意為“用完，耗盡”；go out意為“出去”；put out意為“撲滅”。根據(jù)答句句意“聽到后我很難過?！?，可推測問句句意為“在當(dāng)?shù)貢r間大約早晨3點鐘，當(dāng)人們用煙火慶祝的時候，引發(fā)了大火?！?，因此正確答案為A。

12.—Remember to____the lights when you leave the room.

—OK!I will.(2016銅仁市)

A.turn on B.turn off C.turn up D.turn down

【答案】B

【解析】該題考查的是動詞短語。turn on意為“打開（電器等）”；turn off意為“關(guān)掉（電器等）”；turn up意為“開大，調(diào)高（電器等）音量”；turn down意為“關(guān)小，調(diào)低（電器等）音量”。根據(jù)常識，可推測句意為“記得離開這個房間時要關(guān)燈”，因此正確答案為B。

【真題演練】

( )1.—Must I clean the room now,Mom?

—No,____.(2016邵陽)

A.you mustn’t B.you needn’t C.you can’t

( )2.—It’s the second time I came to Xiamen.It____a lot.

—Yes,it’s more and more beautiful.(2016廈門)

A.was changing B.has changed C.will change

( )3.UNICEF（聯(lián)合國兒童基金會）was____in 1946.It works to help children live a better life.(2015三亞)

A.picked up B.put up C.set up

( )4. is a famous short novel____by Charles Dickens.(2016黑龍江)

A.written B.was written C.wrote

( )5.—Many people play with mobile phones all day instead of reading books.

—That’s too bad.Everyone____be a book lover.Reading is more enjoyable.(2016山西)

A.may B.should C.would

( )6.Though she often makes her little brother____,she was made____by him this morning. (2016黑龍江)

A.cry;to cry B.to cry;cry C.cry;cry

( )7.—What’s wrong with Judy?She has been absent for two days.

—Oh,she____be ill.Let’s go to ask Mr.Green.(2016泉州)

A.may B.need C.would

( )8.—Why are you late for school today?

—I’m sorry.I didn’t catch the early bus and I had to____the next one.(2016福州)

A.wait for B.ask for C.care for

( )9.—What were you doing at 8:00 last Sunday?

—I____rubbish with my classmates by Zijiang River.(2015益陽)

A.picked up B.am picking up C.was picking up

( )10.—Finally,they came back.

—They____be hungry after such a long walk.(2016長沙)

A.can’t B.must C.needn’t

( )11.—Lily,where is your father now?Go and get him for lunch.

—Just a moment,please.Father____a phone call in his room.(2016成都)

A.makes B.is making C.was making

( )12.The school sports meeting will be____because of the heavy rain.(2016永州)

A.put up B.put on C.put off

( )13.—Claudia,are you going to Mike’s birthday party on Sunday?

—Unless I____.(2015益陽)

A.am invited B.invited C.was inviting

( )14.Once they find people in need,they’ll____proper ways to offer them help.(2016漳州)

A.put on B.get on C.decide on

( )15.—Miss Li,could you please help me____this math problem?

—OK.Let me try.(2016威海)

A.look up B.work out C.set up

( )16.It’s time for class,but the bell didn’t____.(2016齊齊哈爾)

A.go on B.go off C.go through

( )17.—What are you doing now?

—I____to the music.(2016永州)

A.is listening B.am listening C.was listening

( )18.—Will you see the filmwith us tonight?

—No,I____it last week.(2015長沙)

A.see B.have seen C.saw

( )19.—I’ve made much progress in grammar.The ideas you____worked out fine.

—Glad I could help.(2016廈門)

A.came up with B.ran out of C.looked up to

( )20.—Don’t smoke here,Dad.Smoking____in public places.

—Oh,sorry.I’ll stop right now.(2015福州)

A.isn’t allowed B.aren’t allowed C.doesn’t allow