籍萬杰

連詞是語法填空和短文改錯必考考點。下面結(jié)合高考試題和典型考題對并列連詞和狀語從句的常見考點進行梳理歸納，希望能幫助廣大考生熟悉這兩個語法項目的考查熱點。

一、并列連詞

并列連詞可用來表示并列關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、選擇關(guān)系和因果關(guān)系等。

1. 表示并列、遞進或順承關(guān)系的連詞有and， both ... and ...， neither ... nor ...， not only ... but also ...等。例如：

The earth is one of the suns planets， and the moon is our satellite.

【典例1】If we stay at home， it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money.（2016年全國卷II，短文改錯）

解析：but改為and。根據(jù)行文邏輯可知，前后兩句表示的是并列和順承關(guān)系，而不是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。

【典例2】It was time for her to have a new baby， 70 it was also time for the young panda to be independent. （2016年四川卷）

解析：and。根據(jù)句意和語境以及also可知，前后兩句是并列關(guān)系，故填并列連詞and。

2. 表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對比關(guān)系的連詞有but， yet， while等。例如：

The problem was a little hard， yet I was able to work it out.

The winter in Beijing is very cold while that of Kunming is warm.

【典例1】You probably know who Marie Curie was， ______ you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. （2016年全國卷Ⅰ，閱讀理解改編）

解析：but。根據(jù)前后兩句的意思可知，此處表示轉(zhuǎn)折，故填but。

【典例2】She drinks black coffee ______ I prefer it with cream.

解析：while。根據(jù)句意可知，前后表示轉(zhuǎn)折對比，故填while，意思是“而”。

3. 表示選擇關(guān)系的連詞有or， either ... or ...， not ... but ...等。例如：

Now you can either have a rest or you can go to the cinema.

【典例1】The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful， ______ they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. （2016年全國卷Ⅰ，閱讀理解改編）

解析：or。根據(jù)語境和句意可知，前后表示選擇的意義，故填or，意思是“或者”。

【典例2】Nowadays when you turn on the radio， you either hear music， a talk show ______ news.

解析：or。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示選擇，并且構(gòu)成either ... or ...，意思是“或者……或者……”。

4. 表示因果關(guān)系的連詞有so， for 等。例如：

He found it increasingly difficult to read， for his eyesight was beginning to fail.

【典例1】I am not afraid of tomorrow， ______ I have seen yesterday and I love today. （2016年北京卷）

解析：for。根據(jù)句意可知，前后句之間是因果關(guān)系，且表示“前果后因”，故填并列連詞for。

【典例2】Some animals carry seeds from one place to another， ______ plants can spread to new places. （2014年北京卷）

解析：so。設(shè)空處前后兩個分句之間為因果關(guān)系，且表示“前因后果”，故填并列連詞so。

二、狀語從句

高考對狀語從句的考查主要是考狀語從句連詞的選用和“連詞+分詞”的省略用法中分詞的使用。

1. 引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的從屬連詞有when， whenever， as， while， before， after， until（till）， since， as soon as等。

【典例1】Silences may be thoughtful， or they may be empty _____ a person has nothing to say.（2016年全國卷Ⅰ，閱讀理解D篇改編）

解析：when/if。根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處引導(dǎo)狀語從句，表示“當(dāng)……時”或“如果”，故填when或if。

【典例2】If you miss this chance， it may be years ______ you get another one. （2015年重慶卷）

解析：before。根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)填before，意思是“要過……才會”。

2. 引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的從屬連詞有because， since， as， now that等。

【典例】I really enjoy listening to music ______ it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day. （2016年北京卷）

解析：because。根據(jù)句意可知，后一句和前一句構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，故填because。

3. 引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句的從屬連詞有where， wherever。

【典例】______ he once felt like giving up， he now has the determination to push further and keep on going. （ 2015年安徽卷）

解析：where。根據(jù)句意可知，曾經(jīng)讓他感到想放棄的地方，現(xiàn)在他決心繼續(xù)前進。用where引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句，指讓他感到想放棄的地方。

4. 引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的從屬連詞有 （so） that， in order that， in case等。

【典例】Cathy had quit her job when her son was born _____ _____ she could stay home and raise her family. （2014年浙江卷）

解析：so； that。根據(jù)句意可知本句中應(yīng)使用so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，從句中常常使用情態(tài)動詞。

5. 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的從屬連詞有so that， so / such…that...等。

【典例】Pop music is such an important part of society _______ it has even influenced our language.

解析：that。根據(jù)句意可知此處應(yīng)填表示結(jié)果的連詞。such...that...意思是“如此……以至于……”，構(gòu)成固定搭配。

6. 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的從屬連詞有if， once， so / as long as， as / so far as， unless等。

【典例1】You wont find paper cutting difficult _____ ______ ______ you keep practicing it. （2015年北京卷）

解析：as/so； long； as。根據(jù)句意可知，只要你不斷練習(xí)，剪紙就不難。此處表示條件，意思是“只要”，故填as/so long as。

【典例2】_____the damage is done， it will take many years for the farmland to recover. （2015年北京卷）

解析：Once。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示條件，意思是“一旦”，故填once。

7. 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的從屬連詞有though， although， while， as， even if / though等。

【典例1】My grandfather still plays tennis now and then， ______ ______ hes in his nineties. （2016年北京卷）

解析：even though/if。根據(jù)句意可知，爺爺雖然已經(jīng)90多歲了，還時不時地打打網(wǎng)球。故填even though/if，意思是“盡管，雖然”。

【典例2】_______the students came from different countries， they got along quite well in the summer camp. （2015年福建卷）

解析：Though / Although / While。根據(jù)句意可知，前后兩句構(gòu)成讓步關(guān)系，故填引導(dǎo)讓步狀語的連詞Though / Although / While。

【典例3】Much _______ I am fond of her， I cant express myself in words.

解析：as/though。根據(jù)句式結(jié)構(gòu)和句意可知，此處需填引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的連詞，意思是“雖然，盡管”，并且使用了倒裝語序，故填as或though。

8. 引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句的從屬連詞有than， as…as...等。

【典例1】He speaks English well indeed， but of course not so fluently _______ a native speaker.

解析：as。根據(jù)句意可知，他英語說得不如當(dāng)?shù)厝肆骼?。此處?gòu)成not so…as...同級比較結(jié)構(gòu)。

【典例2】He had no sooner finished his singing ________ the audience started cheering.

解析：than。根據(jù)句意和搭配可判斷此處考查“no sooner...than...”句式，意思是“一……就……”。

9. 引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句的從屬連詞有as， as if / though， just as等。

【典例】Just ______ a single word can change the meaning of a sentence， a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph. （ 2015年浙江卷）

解析：as。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示“正如”的意思。just as可以引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句，意思是“正如”。

10. 考查“連詞+分詞”的省略用法

分詞短語常常可以用在某些連詞，如since， when， while， whenever， no matter how， once， until， if等之后，這可以看作是狀語從句中的省略現(xiàn)象。

【典例】Video games can be a poor influence if ______（leave） in the wrong hands. （2015年湖南卷）

解析：left。本題考查“連詞+分詞”的省略用法。當(dāng)某些狀語從句中的主語與主句的主語相同時，則從句的主語可省略，構(gòu)成“連詞+分詞”的省略用法。本題中從句省略了與主句相同的主語Video games，其與動詞leave含有邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，故填過去分詞。補充完整為“...if they are left...”。

三、鞏固練習(xí)

（一）單句填空

1. —Hi， David， I heard you had an accident this morning.

—Yes. Luckily， I hit the brakes in time ______ I would have been injured badly.

2. Theres no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery ________ another man， also intelligent， fails.

3. I was glad to meet Jenny again， _______ I didnt want to spend all day with her.

4. Dont turn off the computer before closing all programs， ________ you could have problems.

5. Read this story， ________ you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.

6. You have to move out of the way ________ the truck cannot get past you.

7. —Someone wants you on the phone.

—________ nobody knows I am here.

8. We share the resources of the world， _______ any action of waste can affect other people.

9. I felt comfortable because it was ______ hot _______ cold.

10. About 9：00 last night， I was busy preparing for my tomorrows test ______ suddenly loud noises came into my room.

11. Not only can students improve their writing ability in this way ______ also they can strengthen their self?confidence.

12.—I dont like chicken _______ fish.

—I dont like chicken， _______I like fish very much.

13. Tom took the first prize， ______ it was a wonderful achievement for a small child.

14. Were going to the bookstore in Johns car. You can come with us ______ you can meet us there later.

15. Information technology is taught in most schools， ________ we have entered the information society.

16. She is American， _______ she knows little about American history.

17. Its really very dangerous. One more step， ______ the baby will fall into the well.

18. Li Fang is very busy， _______ shes always helping others with their lessons.

19. He must like her， ______ he wouldnt keep calling her.

20. — Coffee _______ milk？

— Only milk， please， _______I used to like coffee.

21. More often， it would be better _______ we dont pretend we feel strong _______ we are weak or pretend that we are brave when we are scared.

22. ______ all of them are strong candidates， only one will be chosen for the post.

23. I usually do the washing-up and leave the cooking to my wife， _______ she is a better cook than me.

24. No sooner had Mo Yan stepped on the stage _______ the audience broke into thunderous applause.

25. One Friday， we were packing to leave for a weekend away _______ my daughter heard cries for help.

26. _______ football is her main focus， she is also great at basketball.

27. Strange ______ it sounded， his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.

28. How long do you think it will be ________ the computer puts forward a new product？

29. They notice that plants dont grow well ________ there is much shade.

30. The girl sang happily _______ she walked along the lake.

31. The little boy wont go to sleep ______ his mother tells him a story.

32. John thinks it wont be long ______ he is ready for his new job.

33. The girl had hardly rung the bell _____ the door was opened suddenly， and her friend rushed out to greet her.

34. The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day， _____ accompanied by an adult.

35. The French football team， the last champion of the world cup， suffered such a defeat ______ the whole world felt greatly shocked.

36. How long is it ______ we last spent the holiday in the country together？

37. If we work with a strong will， we can overcome any difficulty， ______great it is.

38. He always thinks Im wrong， ______I may say.

39. ______ time is gone， you will never get it back.

40. If a lot of people say a film is not good， I wont bother to see it， or Ill wait ______ it comes out on DVD.

41. When you read the book， youd better make a mark _____ you have any questions.

42. It is hard for Greek government to get over the present difficulties ______ it gets more financial support from the European Union.

43. The young couple， who returned my lost wallet， left _______ I could ask for their names.

44. Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon， or ______ it is convenient to you.

45. It was April 29， 2001 ______ Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.

46. The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be three times as big ______the present one.

47. All the dishes in this menu， ______ otherwise stated， will serve two to three people.

48. Hot ______ the night air was， we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.

49. All people， ______ they are old or young， rich or poor， have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster.

50. — ______ when has the country been open to international trade？

—1978， I suppose.

（二）語法填空

閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

I seldom thought I had a passion. I would sit before the TV all day， thinking 1 nothing but the next shadow. It was not long ago 2 I first learned how important having a passion is to life.

One day I went with Mum to drop my sister off at the gym. Then， 3 Mum stopped at a red light， someone on the roadside caught my eyes. It was a man 4 （dress） in rags， homeless. That didnt interest me， 5 I had seen many like him before.

6 the man wasnt sitting down with a sad expression. He had a radio in his hand and was dancing merrily to the music. The radio seemed to be the most precious thing 7 he had.

“Mum， why does that man have a radio even 8 hes homeless？” I asked.

“He bought it，” she replied.

“But 9 hes homeless， why doesnt he use the money to buy food or clothes？ He wasted it on something he doesnt need.”

“Well， Sarah， sometimes food and clothes arent the only important things. We need happiness， too.”

“I see.” The man must care too much about music， 10 he bought a radio instead of food and clothes. I realized that happiness is the key to life. Without it， theres nothing to look forward to. A passion gives a person the happiness they need to keep going！