龐先慶
句式一、含if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句的虛擬句型
【真題鏈接】Sorry, I am too busy now. If I had time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.
【句型解讀】該句型表示與現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去,及將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反的假設(shè)。其if從句的謂語(yǔ)形式分別為“過(guò)去時(shí)(be用were)”“ had +過(guò)去分詞”和 “動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)”/“should+ 動(dòng)詞原形”或“were to + 動(dòng)詞原形”;主句謂語(yǔ)形式分別為 “would/should/might/could +動(dòng)詞原形” “would/should/might/could +have+過(guò)去分詞”和“would/should/might/could +動(dòng)詞原形”。
【溫馨提醒】
●“If it were not for…I/they… would...”句型意為“如果不是……/如果沒(méi)有……/要不是……,我/他(它)們……就會(huì)……”。其中,“If it were not for...”是表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句,were不能用was來(lái)代替。主句用“would +動(dòng)詞原形”表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
●“If it had not been for…I/they…would/should/might/could +have+過(guò)去分詞”句型意為“(過(guò)去)如果不是……/(過(guò)去)如果沒(méi)有……/要不是(過(guò)去)……,我/他(它)們……就(可能)會(huì)已經(jīng)……”。其中,“If it had not been for...”是表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句。主句用“would/should/might/could +have+過(guò)去分詞”表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
【即時(shí)演練】根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示,完成句子。
1. 如果不是因?yàn)樗粫?huì)唱歌,我將會(huì)邀請(qǐng)她來(lái)參加聚會(huì)。
If the fact that she cant sing, I would invite her to the party.
2. 如果我的汽車性能更可靠些,去年夏天我就會(huì)開(kāi)車去拉薩而不是坐飛機(jī)去了。
If my car more reliable, I to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.
Keys:1. it were not for 2. had been; would have driven
句式二、用介詞短語(yǔ)表達(dá)虛擬條件的句型
【真題鏈接】But for the help of my English teacher, I would not have won the first prize in the English writing competition.
【句型解讀】在英語(yǔ)中,除了用if從句表示虛擬的情景外,還可以用but for“要不是”和without“沒(méi)有”等介詞(短語(yǔ))來(lái)表達(dá)虛擬的條件,相當(dāng)于條件狀語(yǔ)從句。
【即時(shí)演練】根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示,完成句子。
沒(méi)有你的慷慨幫忙,我不可能熬過(guò)那段痛苦的日子。
I couldnt have gone through that bitter period your generous help.
Key:without/but for
句式三、賓語(yǔ)從句使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句型
【真題鏈接】The doctor recommended that you shouldnt swim after eating a large meal.
【句型解讀】表示“建議(suggest, advice, propose, recommend)、要求(demand, request, require)、命令(order, command)”等主觀意向的動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由“should +動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成,其中的should可以省略。
【溫馨提醒】
●動(dòng)詞wish后接賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以根據(jù)對(duì)現(xiàn)在、將來(lái)、過(guò)去的虛擬愿望分別采用過(guò)去式(be動(dòng)詞用were)、“would/could+動(dòng)詞原形” “had+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞或could/would+ have +動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞” 等形式。
【即時(shí)演練】根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示,完成句子。
1. 他們要求給予每個(gè)成年男子選舉權(quán)。
They demanded that the right to vote
to every adult man.
2. 彼得希望他讀大學(xué)時(shí)學(xué)的是法律,而不是文學(xué)。
Peter wishes that he law instead of literature when he was in college.
Keys:1. (should) be given 2. had studied
句式四、“it be +adj. +for/of sb. +to do sth.”句型
【真題鏈接】I thought it would be useful for him to learn Chinese at an early age.
【句型解讀】結(jié)構(gòu)中,如果不定式前面的形容詞說(shuō)明不定式的特性,其邏輯主語(yǔ)一般由for引出;若形容詞是描寫人的品德、素質(zhì)的,說(shuō)明邏輯主語(yǔ)的特征,如kind, honest, clever, wise, sensible, nice, thoughtful, brave, bold, foolish, stupid, wrong, cruel等,則不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)就用of引出。
【溫馨提醒】
●有時(shí)不定式的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者不是句子的主語(yǔ),此時(shí)就需要在不定式前面加一個(gè)名詞或代詞來(lái)充當(dāng)其邏輯主語(yǔ),構(gòu)成不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。
【即時(shí)演練】根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示,完成句子。
1. 我打算在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)藝術(shù)史,因此訪問(wèn)法國(guó)對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)是很重要的。
I plan to study history of art at university so it is important France.
2. 我們認(rèn)為他問(wèn)那位女士的年齡是不禮貌的。
We think it impolite the lady her age.
Keys:1. for me to visit 2. of him to ask
句式五、“be+形容詞+不定式”句型
【真題鏈接】We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.
【句型解讀】該句型中,不定式位于作表語(yǔ)、表示心理活動(dòng)或情緒的形容詞后面,作原因狀語(yǔ)。
【溫馨提醒】
●這樣的形容詞主要有:happy, kind, surprised, frightened, angry, shocked, glad, delighted, disappointed, sorry, anxious, proud, clever, safe, dangerous, lucky, pleased, fortunate, right, astonished等。
【即時(shí)演練】根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示,完成句子。
雖然看到我們很驚訝,但是教授給了我們一個(gè)熱烈的歡迎。
Though us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.
Key:surprised to see
句式六、 “動(dòng)詞+it+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(adj./n). (+for sb.)+不定式(動(dòng)名詞或從句)”句型
【真題鏈接】The fact that she was foreign made it difficult for her to get a job in that country.
【句型解讀】當(dāng)不定式、動(dòng)名詞、從句等復(fù)雜成分用作賓語(yǔ)且其后跟有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),通常會(huì)在賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)前使用形式賓語(yǔ)it,而將真正的賓語(yǔ)移至句末,構(gòu)成該句型。
【溫馨提醒】
●該句型中的動(dòng)詞通常是 think, find, feel, believe, take, consider, make, suppose等。
【即時(shí)演練】根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示,完成句子。
1. 我們覺(jué)得讓我們的國(guó)家成為一個(gè)更加美好的地方是我們的責(zé)任。
We our country a better place.
2. 這兩個(gè)女孩長(zhǎng)得很相似,不熟悉的人很難將她倆區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)。
The two girls are so alike that strangers one from the other.
Keys:1. feel it our duty to make 2. find it difficult to tell
句式七、“動(dòng)詞(have, take, put, like等)+ it + that/ when (if)從句”句型
【真題鏈接】Legend has it that the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is to recall the soul of Qu Yuan. (江蘇卷)
【句型解讀】 “動(dòng)詞(have, take, put, like等)+ it + that從句”“動(dòng)詞(enjoy, hate, love, like, dislike, appreciate, prefer等) + it + when (if)從句”“動(dòng)詞(see to, look to, insist on, stick to, depend on, answer for, rely on 等)+ it + that從句”三類結(jié)構(gòu)中的形式賓語(yǔ)it無(wú)實(shí)際意義,由于英文句法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要,其后沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
【溫馨提醒】
●“動(dòng)詞(take it for granted, bring it to sb.s attention, owe it to sb.等)+ that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中的形式賓語(yǔ)it也無(wú)實(shí)際意義,其后也沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
【即時(shí)演練】根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示,完成句子。
1. 如果你愿意教我如何使用電腦我將非常感謝。
Id you would like to teach me how to use the computer.
2. 你放心,他會(huì)來(lái)接你的。
You may hell come to meet you.
Keys:1. appreciate it if 2. rely on it that
句式八、 “ 狀語(yǔ)(方向、地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間副詞或表示方位、地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ))+不及物動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)(名詞)”句型
【真題鏈接】There remains a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.
【句型解讀】主語(yǔ)是名詞、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是be, remain, live, come, stand, lie, exist, go, run, rush, flee, walk等不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),here, there, out, in, on, up, down, away, back, now, then等表示方向、地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間的副詞放在句子的開(kāi)頭,引起全部倒裝,描述一個(gè)生動(dòng)的情景。
【溫馨提醒】
●當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為be, come, sit, live, stand, lie, exist等不及物動(dòng)詞,表示方位、地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)置于句首時(shí),或當(dāng)主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中由表地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ)所作的表語(yǔ)置于句首時(shí),也使用該句型
【即時(shí)演練】根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示,完成句子。
1. 有一會(huì)兒什么也沒(méi)發(fā)生,接著就有一陣歡呼聲。
For a moment nothing happened,
all shouting together.
2. 山腳下坐落著一個(gè)村莊。
a village.
Keys:1. then came voices 2. At the foot of the mountain lies
句式九、以“only+狀語(yǔ)”開(kāi)頭的句子使用倒裝語(yǔ)序的句型
【真題鏈接】Only after Mary read her composition the second time did she notice the spelling mistake.
【句型解讀】當(dāng)only位于句首,修飾、強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ)(副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、從句)時(shí),句子的主體部分要用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序,即把其中的助動(dòng)詞或者情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提到主語(yǔ)的前面。
【溫馨提醒】
●在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中,被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是only所修飾的狀語(yǔ)時(shí),句子的主體部分不用倒裝。例如:
It was only when I reread his poems recently that I began to appreciate their beauty. 只是在最近我重讀了他的詩(shī),我才開(kāi)始欣賞他們的美。
●如果only修飾的是句子的其他成分,則句子的主體部分也不用倒裝。例如:
Only Cinderellas foot fit perfectly and so the prince chose to marry her. 只有灰姑娘的腳完全吻合,于是王子娶她。
【即時(shí)演練】根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示,完成句子。
只有那時(shí)我才真正開(kāi)始感謝爸爸和他的信仰。
I truly begin to appreciate Dad and his faith.
Key:Only then did
句式十、 “It is/was+強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+who/that + 其他成分”句型
【真題鏈接】It was in New Zealand that Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith.
【句型解讀】該句式是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。其中,it, that / who無(wú)詞匯意義,it為強(qiáng)調(diào)詞,引出強(qiáng)調(diào)成分,that / who只起語(yǔ)法連接作用。
【溫馨提醒】
●如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分在句子中作主語(yǔ)且指人時(shí),用who或that來(lái)連接都可以,如果是其他成分,則一律用that來(lái)連接。
【即時(shí)演練】根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示,完成句子。
首先想到騎車從沿湄公河源頭到終點(diǎn)旅游的是我的姐姐。
first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends.
Key:It was my sister that / who
鞏固練習(xí):
根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示,完成句子。
1. 事實(shí)上,如果我們今天聽(tīng)到的話,我們當(dāng)然不能理解。
In fact, it is certain that we able to understand it if we it today.
2. 要不是約翰最近受傷了,我們昨天就把他的名字填在比賽名單里了。
We would have put Johns name on the race list yesterday his recent injury.
3. 簡(jiǎn)蒼白的臉色表明她生病了,她父母建議她做一次體檢。
Janes pale face suggested that she
ill, and her parents suggested that she a medical examination.
4. 醫(yī)生認(rèn)為您最好休個(gè)假。
The doctor thought it would be good
a holiday.
5. 我們認(rèn)為他們?cè)趲字軆?nèi)完成生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃是可能的。
We think it possible their production plan within a few weeks.
6. 當(dāng)她1960年來(lái)到貢貝時(shí),對(duì)女性來(lái)說(shuō)住進(jìn)大森林是件罕見(jiàn)的事情。
When she first arrived in Gombe in 1960, it was unusual in the forest.
7. 我討厭人們滿嘴含著食物說(shuō)話。
I people talk with their mouths full.
8.我喜歡秋天清爽明朗的日子。
I in the autumn the weather is clear and bright.
9.在長(zhǎng)江和嘉陵江的交匯處是重慶——中國(guó)最大的城市之一。
of the Yangtze River and Jialing River Chongqing, one of the largest cities in China.
10.重要的不是誰(shuí)是對(duì)的,而是什么才是對(duì)的。
is not who is right but what is right is of importance.