尹繼友

定語(yǔ)從句是高中英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的一個(gè)重點(diǎn)，as作為關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句是其中的一個(gè)難點(diǎn)，筆者在此對(duì)as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的情況作一歸納， 以供參考。

[as引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句]

主要結(jié)構(gòu)有：the same ... as，as ... as，such ... as，so ... as等。即主句中出現(xiàn)the same，as，such，so修飾先行詞，需選擇as作關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。

Its the same person as we wanted to find yesterday.

我們昨天要找的是同一個(gè)人。

Such girls as he knows are good at English.

他所認(rèn)識(shí)的女孩都擅長(zhǎng)英語(yǔ)。

Do you have such books as we like ？

你有我們喜歡那種書(shū)嗎？

She will marry as wealthy a man as she can find.

她將嫁給她能找到的任何一個(gè)有錢(qián)人。

There is so warm a house as we want to live in.

這里有如此暖和的房子，我們都想住在里面。

He has so difficult a problem as none of us can solve.

他有如此難的一個(gè)問(wèn)題，我們沒(méi)有人能夠解決。

As we have seen， oceans cover more than 70 percent of the earth.

[引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句]

1. as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指代整個(gè)主句內(nèi)容，從句可置于句首、句中或句尾。

As everyone knows， China is a beautiful country with a long history.

每個(gè)人都知道，中國(guó)是一個(gè)有著悠久歷史的美麗國(guó)家。

The earth， as we know， moves round the sun.

地球，我們都知道，圍著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。

Tom works hard and is willing to help others， as we all know.

湯姆工作努力，并且樂(lè)于助人，這一點(diǎn)我們都知道。

2. 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)為被動(dòng)式時(shí)，常用as做主語(yǔ)。如：as be said/known/announced/discussed/mentioned/expected/reported。

Grammar， as has been said before， is not a set of dead rules.

語(yǔ)法，就像以前所說(shuō)，不是一套死規(guī)則。

In their lessons at school， boys and girls may learn about such virtues as unselfishness， courage， discipline and love of ones country， but what is learned in books cannot have the same deep effect on a childs character as what is learned through experience.

在學(xué)校的課程里，孩子們可以學(xué)到諸如慷慨、勇氣、紀(jì)律和愛(ài)國(guó)這些品質(zhì)，但書(shū)本上學(xué)來(lái)的不可能有親身經(jīng)歷一樣深的影響。

He is doing the same work as I am.

他干著和我一樣的工作。

Such a film as you described should not be shown at all.

你跟我描述的這部電影根本就不該上映。

3. as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，有“如，似，正像”的含義。

as has been said above 如上所說(shuō)

as anybody can see 正像任何一個(gè)人所看到的那樣

as we had expected 正如我們所預(yù)料的那樣

Things are not always as they appear.

事情并不一直像它們表面那樣。

The boy has as much progress as we had expected.

這個(gè)男孩取得了我們期待的進(jìn)步。

[as區(qū)別于which的特殊用法]

1. 如果要說(shuō)明兩者有相似之處時(shí)通常用as，表達(dá)“正如（……情形或事實(shí)所表示）的那樣，像……的一樣”的意思。例如：

She is a fine singer，as her mother used to be.

她是一個(gè)很出色的歌唱家，和她母親當(dāng)年一樣。

She is the same age as you （are）.

她和你年齡一樣大。

I hope to get such a dictionary as he is using.

我希望得到一本和你正在用的一樣的詞典。

As water is to fish， so air is to man.

正如水對(duì)魚(yú)，空氣對(duì)于人同樣重要。

She has married again， as was/seemed natural.

她又結(jié)婚了，這很自然。

2. as常與從句中的know，see，hear，expect等動(dòng)詞連用，也常用于as often happens，as is often the case（常有的事）等句子中。

As you know， he is from Beijing.

正如你所知道的，他來(lái)自北京。

As is known to everybody， the moon travels round the earth once every month.

He was absent， as is often the case.

他沒(méi)有上學(xué)，這是常事。

As you will find out， all is now settled.

你將會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)一切都搞定了。

3. as在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)位置比較靈活，既可位于所修飾的句子之后，也可位于句中或句首；而由which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句一般不位于句首。例如：

As you will find out， I will never let you down.

你將會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，我絕不會(huì)使你失望的。

4. as所引導(dǎo)的從句所表達(dá)的語(yǔ)意須和主句一致，而which則無(wú)此限制。例如：

She has married again， which was unexpected.

她又結(jié)婚了，真不可思議。（此處不可用as）

[練習(xí)]

1. It is generally believed that teaching is ______ it is a science.

A. much as an art as B. as much an art as

C. an art as much as D. as much as an art

2. ______ I admire David as a poet， I dont like him as a man.

A. Only if B. If only

C. As much D. Much as

3. ______， he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.

A. A quiet student as he may be

B. Quiet student as he may be

C. Quiet as he may be a student

D. As he may be a quiet student

4. I wonder why you dont do it as ______ and its the third time you have done so.

A. told you B. be told

C. told to D. you told

5. ______ I explain on the phone， your request will be considered at the next meeting.

______ I explain on the phone is that your request will be considered at the next meeting.

A. What B. When

C. After D. As

6. That is ______ problem ______ cant be worked out by any of us .

That is ______ problem ______ none of us can work it out.

A. a such difficult； that B. so difficult a； that

C. such a difficult； as D. a so difficult； as

[參考答案]

1～4 BDBC 5. DA 6. CB