褚永海+李?yuàn)檴?徐新禹+姚宜斌

摘 要：高程基準(zhǔn)作為國(guó)家重要基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，其現(xiàn)代化的核心是用數(shù)字化高程基準(zhǔn)模型，取代用高程控制水準(zhǔn)網(wǎng)作為國(guó)家高程基準(zhǔn)的傳統(tǒng)模式，以及實(shí)現(xiàn)用衛(wèi)星定位技術(shù)測(cè)定海拔高，滿足我國(guó)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展對(duì)國(guó)家高程基準(zhǔn)現(xiàn)代化的迫切需求。項(xiàng)目針對(duì)我國(guó)高程基準(zhǔn)現(xiàn)代化的需求，緊緊圍繞課題的八個(gè)任務(wù)進(jìn)行研究：GRACE和GOCE重力衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù)產(chǎn)品的預(yù)處理、全球近海區(qū)域衛(wèi)星測(cè)高數(shù)據(jù)處理、重力場(chǎng)調(diào)和分析理論與超高階全球重力場(chǎng)模型的構(gòu)建、多類重力場(chǎng)信息融合處理理論與高分辨率格網(wǎng)垂線偏差的精密確定方法、高分辨率高精度全球海面高模型的構(gòu)建、我國(guó)厘米級(jí)（似）大地水準(zhǔn)面模型的構(gòu)建、全球高程基準(zhǔn)與我國(guó)高程基準(zhǔn)差的確定、陸海高程/深度基準(zhǔn)統(tǒng)一計(jì)算方法展開(kāi)研究。在課題實(shí)施的第一年度，完成的研究?jī)?nèi)容成果包括：確定了更適合我國(guó)的2160階次的超高階地球重力場(chǎng)模型；初步開(kāi)展了重力垂線偏差方法的研究，提出了基于重力異常和地形的現(xiàn)代重力邊值問(wèn)題實(shí)用解式的改進(jìn)模型；基于GOCE觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)確定了一個(gè)與國(guó)際同類模型精度相當(dāng)?shù)?20階次的衛(wèi)星重力模型GOWHU01S；分析了近海測(cè)高數(shù)據(jù)的誤差，制定了測(cè)高數(shù)據(jù)編輯準(zhǔn)則；確定了2′×2′中國(guó)近海及鄰海海域平均海平面高模型，精度與國(guó)際同類模型相當(dāng)；采用Stokes-Helmert方法確定了2′×2′中國(guó)重力和1985國(guó)家高程基準(zhǔn)似大地水準(zhǔn)面數(shù)值模型（CNGG2011），模型全國(guó)的精度為12.6 cm；在GRS80框架下，計(jì)算了與全球平均海面最佳彌合的大地水準(zhǔn)面位常數(shù)為，為全球高程基準(zhǔn)統(tǒng)一奠定了基礎(chǔ)；對(duì)陸海高程基準(zhǔn)統(tǒng)一方法開(kāi)展了研究，搜集到了陸海高程/深度基準(zhǔn)所需的驗(yàn)潮站等觀測(cè)資料。此外，項(xiàng)目組成員發(fā)表了論文11篇，指導(dǎo)畢業(yè)研究生9人，完成年課題第一年度的研究任務(wù)與目標(biāo)。

關(guān)鍵詞：高程基準(zhǔn) 高程現(xiàn)代化 全球重力場(chǎng)模型 大地水準(zhǔn)面

Abstract： As one of the most critical infrastructure of country， the core of height modernization contain two aspects. The first one is to replace the traditional leveling control network using a digital height datum （DHT）. The second one is to measure the altitude using satellite positioning technology based on DHT. It will meet urgent need for modernization of vertical datum during China's social and economic rapid development. In view of the need of height datum modernization， this project will carry on eight research missions： （1）preprocess the GRACE and GOCE gravity satellite data products. （2）preprocess the satellite altimetric data over coastal areas. （3）study the harmonic analysis theory of gravitational field and determine an ultra-high degree global gravity field model. （4）study the fusion theory of various gravity and determine a high resolution gridded vertical deflection.（5）determine a global sea surface model with high-resolution and high precision. （6）determine a centimeter-level geoid model in China.（6）determine the datum difference between chinas local height datum and global datum. （7）unify the datum between Land elevation and sea depth. In the first year， our group of this project finished and achieved the following results： （1）an ultra-high degree （2160） global gravity field model， the best one for china， was determined. （2）An improved model for the deflection of vertical based on gravity anomalies and the terrain gravity boundary value problems was proposed. （3） A satellite gravity model of order 220 （GOWHU01S）， with the similar precision with international model， was obtained. （4）Analyze the error of altimetric data over coastal area and develop the altimetry data editing criteria. （5）An MSS model of 2′×2′（WHU2013CS） was obtained using LSC. （6）An updated 2′×2′digital quasi-geoid model （CNGG2011） for the National Height Datum 1985 of China， with an average accuracy of 0.13m， is computed by using Stokes-Helmert method. （7）A geopotential value was computed and use to unify the local and global height datum. （8）Some methods of height/depth datum unifying were investigated and some data were collected. Moreover， 11 academic papers on this project were published written by this group and 9 graduate student passed their defenses and got their master degree. In a word， our group complete research tasks and objectives in the first year.

Key Words： Height datum； Height modernization； Global gravity model； Geoid

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