文/唐老雅

一、雅思“政府類(lèi)”題材考情分析

雅思寫(xiě)作考試中，“政府類(lèi)”話題每年出現(xiàn)3－5次，內(nèi)容涉及非常廣泛，往往與其他話題結(jié)合起來(lái)考。常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)如下：

1. 政府投資。包括：

（1）政府資金撥款應(yīng)該首先考慮醫(yī)療還是其他方面？

（2）為解決交通阻塞問(wèn)題，政府是否應(yīng)該提供免費(fèi)公交？

（3）政府資金是否應(yīng)該用于更重要的事情而不是藝術(shù)？

（4）政府的資金支持是否應(yīng)該僅僅提供給科學(xué)研究？

（5）政府支付大學(xué)學(xué)費(fèi)是否利大于弊？

（6）政府應(yīng)該在每個(gè)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)建設(shè)公共圖書(shū)館嗎？

（7）應(yīng)該政府提供資金贍養(yǎng)老人，還是老年人自己承擔(dān)？

2. 政府的行政措施。包括：

（1）政府鼓勵(lì)在鄉(xiāng)村發(fā)展商業(yè)的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。

（2）為使城鎮(zhèn)更有吸引力，政府應(yīng)該在城鎮(zhèn)增設(shè)雕塑和藝術(shù)作品嗎？

（3）政府實(shí)行義務(wù)教育的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。

3. 國(guó)與國(guó)之間。包括：

（1）政府應(yīng)該倡導(dǎo)國(guó)與國(guó)之間的商業(yè)文化交流嗎？

（2）給貧窮國(guó)家提供救援的利弊何在？

（3）發(fā)展中國(guó)家應(yīng)該引進(jìn)外國(guó)企業(yè)還是拒絕外國(guó)企業(yè)以保護(hù)國(guó)內(nèi)企業(yè)？

4. 政府與人們生活。包括：

（1）對(duì)健康飲食負(fù)責(zé)的應(yīng)該是政府還是個(gè)人？

（2）年輕人是否適合在政府中擔(dān)任重要職位？

（3）為提高人民生活水平，發(fā)展中國(guó)家政府應(yīng)該引進(jìn)科技還是發(fā)展免費(fèi)教育？

二、雅思“政府類(lèi)”題材經(jīng)典考題

1. Some people think it is more important to plant trees in open areas in towns and cities than to provide more housing. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (2016/08/27)

2. Some people think charity organisations should help people in great need wherever they live. However, others think they should help people in their own country. Discuss both opinions and give your own opinion.(2016/08/20)

3. Some people think health care should be made free for all people, while others believe people should pay for health care by themselves. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. (2016/03/19)

4. In some countries, the government has tried to reduce traf fic by imposing a congestion tax during rush hour. Do you think this is a positive or negative development? (2016/01/30)

5. Some people say governments should give priority to health care, while others believe that taxpayers’ money should be spent on other important priorities. Discuss both views and give your opinion. (2015/07/23)

6. Because of traffic and housing problems in the cities, the government encourages businesses move to the rural area. Do you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages? (2015/06/13)

三、雅思“政府類(lèi)”題材習(xí)作修改

題目

Government should offer financial support to the care of the old people,while others think old people should save money for their own future life. Give your opinion on this topic.

學(xué)生習(xí)作

With the development of the whole world, people’s living standards im-proved a lot in the past few decades. So some people think it is unnecessary for our government to offer financial support to the care of old people, in turn they should save money for their own future life. As far as I am concerned, I strongly suggest that our government should offer financial support to the care of the old people.

Firstly, despite the people’s quality has highly improved, there are still many people who live a life under the average daily living standards, especially the people live in the less developing areas which should be supported by government.Among these people, the old people are poorer in all aspects. There are no living resources since they can’t make any money, and they can’t expect their children neither, for their children make a tough living, too. So sometimes you can see a very old woman or man in their 80s or even 90s pick up litters on the streets just for food and clothing.

Secondly, offering financial support to old people can increase the whole society’s satisfaction about their life, which is bene ficial for the government to create a more harmonious society. Maybe many people even needn’t the financial support, they can get the signal from the government who tries to make people’s life happier.

So by the above mentioned I can draw a safe conclusion the government should offer financial support to the old people.

評(píng)分：5.5

老雅評(píng)改

本題的核心問(wèn)題是：政府是否該出錢(qián)贍養(yǎng)老年人，還是民眾應(yīng)該年輕時(shí)自己存錢(qián)，老了自己養(yǎng)自己？這個(gè)話題在中國(guó)現(xiàn)階段很熱門(mén)，相關(guān)討論也比較多，觀點(diǎn)五花八門(mén)，難以統(tǒng)一。政府出錢(qián)贍養(yǎng)當(dāng)然是好事，能夠解決很多問(wèn)題，比如很多老年人老無(wú)所養(yǎng)，他們年輕的時(shí)候掙的錢(qián)都用來(lái)培養(yǎng)孩子，也就是社會(huì)的下一代了，因此，如果政府不出錢(qián)贍養(yǎng)，他們的生活就會(huì)很慘淡，這個(gè)從小處講，不利于家庭的幸福，從大處講，就可能引起社會(huì)的不和諧。然而，政府的收入也是有限的，還要投資教育、文化、醫(yī)療等其他領(lǐng)域，因此，是否該投錢(qián)或者怎樣投錢(qián)來(lái)贍養(yǎng)老人，是一個(gè)值得思考的問(wèn)題。這樣，對(duì)于政府投資類(lèi)話題，我們的思考方向就是：首先，政府投資能解決什么問(wèn)題（投資的好處）？其次，政府投資會(huì)影響到其他哪些領(lǐng)域的投資（投資的壞處）？最后，投資的好處和壞處相比較，你的觀點(diǎn)傾向于投資還是不投資，或者你有什么更好的建議及其原因？

本學(xué)生習(xí)作采取一邊倒論證方式，即完全贊同政府應(yīng)該承擔(dān)贍養(yǎng)老人的經(jīng)濟(jì)責(zé)任，并提出了兩個(gè)支持該論點(diǎn)的理由：首先，有些貧窮的老人需要政府的資助；其次，政府資助老人有助于社會(huì)和諧。這樣寫(xiě)，從內(nèi)容上講顯得比較單薄，因?yàn)橥耆珱](méi)有涉及政府資助帶來(lái)的負(fù)面影響，但這樣寫(xiě)邏輯比較清楚，如果英文表達(dá)水平一般，不妨就這么寫(xiě)，寫(xiě)好了至少也能得到6分。本習(xí)作語(yǔ)言基本正確，有一些地方表達(dá)不太通順，影響了得分。

第1段

With the development of the whole world, people’s living standards improved a lot in the past few decades. So some people think it is unnecessary for our government to offer financial support to the care of old people, in turn they should save money for their own future life. As far as I am concerned, I strongly suggest that our government should offer financial support to the care of the old people.

[修改 ] With the development of the whole world, people’s living standard has improved a great deal in the past few decades. So some people think it is unnecessary for the government to offer financial support to the care of old people,instead, they should save money for their own future life. As far as I am concerned, I strongly suggest that the government should financially support the old people.

[評(píng)析] 本段為開(kāi)頭段，先從人們生活水平提高開(kāi)始引出某些人的觀點(diǎn)，然后提出自己的觀點(diǎn)，符合“一邊倒”作文的基本格式。（1）improve不適合用過(guò)去時(shí)，因?yàn)楹竺媸莍n the past few decades（在過(guò)去幾十年里），這不是一個(gè)表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間概念，而是包括了現(xiàn)在，因此應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。（2）in turn 表示“反過(guò)來(lái)”，而這里表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)折之意，應(yīng)該用instead。（3）在同一段里用兩次offer financial support to the care of old people，這不合適，應(yīng)該考慮替換表達(dá)法，比如 financially support the old people，或者financially take care of the old people。

第2段

Firstly, despite the people’s quality has highly improved, there are still many people who live a life under the average daily living standards, especially the people live in the less developing areas which should be supported by government.Among these people, the old people are poorer in all aspects. There are no living resources since they can’t make any money, and they can’t expect their children neither, for their children make a tough living, too. So sometimes you can see a very old woman or man in their 80s or even 90s pick up litters on the streets just for food and clothing.

[修改 ] Firstly, despite that people’s life in general has become much better,there are still many people who live below the average living standard, especially the people in the under developed areas, among whom the old people are the poorest. These old people do not have adequate means of living because they do not work any more and can’t make money, neither can they expect their children to help them, for their children can barely make both ends meet. So sometimes you can see a very old woman or man in their 80s or even 90s picking up litters on the streets just for food and clothing. I believe these old people should be financially taken care of by the government.

[評(píng)析] 本段論述政府應(yīng)該資助那些貧窮地區(qū)的老人，因?yàn)檫@些老人生活沒(méi)有著落。習(xí)作內(nèi)容比較充實(shí)，有一些個(gè)性化的細(xì)節(jié)描寫(xiě)，但語(yǔ)言失誤比較多。（1）the less developing areas是錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)，應(yīng)該為the under developed areas。（2）which 從句所指不明，政府到底是支持這些地區(qū)，還是支持這些人？（3）前兩句被合成了一個(gè)長(zhǎng)句。（4）原文their children make a tough living表達(dá)比較生硬，老雅用一個(gè)比較地道的短語(yǔ)來(lái)代替；their children can barely make both ends meet。（4）本段寫(xiě)完了貧困地區(qū)老人的困境后，卻忘記初衷，沒(méi)有給出一個(gè)結(jié)論，老雅增加一句I believe these old people should be financially taken care of by the government，這是段落點(diǎn)睛之筆。

第3段

Secondly, offering financial support to old people can increase the whole society’s satisfaction about their life, which is bene ficial for the government to create a more harmonious society. Maybe many people even needn’t the financial support, they can get the signal from the government who tries to make people’s life happier.

[修改] Secondly, offering financial assistance to old people can increase the whole society’s sense of satisfaction about their life, which is bene ficial for the government to create a more harmonious society. Even though many people do not need the financial help, they can get the message that the government is trying to make their life happier. I have seen many positive changes in their attitude towards the government after the old people have received the financial support.

[評(píng)析]本段寫(xiě)政府資助老人后，社會(huì)更和諧。從結(jié)構(gòu)上講，習(xí)作僅僅在寫(xiě)道理，沒(méi)有結(jié)合自身經(jīng)歷進(jìn)行例證，使這段內(nèi)容顯得程式化，單薄而沒(méi)有個(gè)性。為此，老雅在段落結(jié)尾增加了一句。其他修改包括：（1）這段繼續(xù)使用 financial support，共2次，其實(shí)，從避免重復(fù)的角度，可以將它們替換為 financial help、 financial assistance 等。（2）Maybe many people even needn’t the financial support是純中文式表達(dá)，這里表示一個(gè)讓步，最好用even though來(lái)引出。（3）who引導(dǎo)的從句修飾government不妥當(dāng)，這里應(yīng)該用一個(gè)從句修飾signal / message，所以修改為they can get the message that the government is trying to make their life happier。

第4段

So by the above mentioned I can draw a safe conclusion the government should offer financial support to the old people.

[修改] It is important, therefore, for the government to give financial support to the old people, because it can help many old-aged citizens out of their financial dif ficulty and meanwhile help create a better society.

[評(píng)析] 這個(gè)結(jié)尾段無(wú)疑是倉(cāng)促無(wú)力的，是被扣分的重要原因之一。結(jié)尾必須總結(jié)前文討論的主要觀點(diǎn)，在語(yǔ)言上還要盡量避免與前文完全重復(fù)?！?/p>

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