ZHOU HUI,ZHOU ZONG-FUAND WANG LI-PING

(1.School of Mathematics and Statistics,Hefei Normal University,Hefei,230601)

(2.School of Mathematical Science,Anhui University,Hefei,230601)

Solvability for a Coupled System of Fractional p-Laplacian Diferential Equations at Resonance

ZHOU HUI1,2,ZHOU ZONG-FU2,*AND WANG LI-PING2

(1.School of Mathematics and Statistics,Hefei Normal University,Hefei,230601)

(2.School of Mathematical Science,Anhui University,Hefei,230601)

Communicated by Shi Shao-yun

In this paper,by using the coincidence degree theory,the existence of solutions for a coupled system of fractional p-Laplacian diferential equations at resonance is studied.The result obtained in this paper extends some known results.An example is given to illustrate our result.

p-Laplacian,coincidence degree,existence,fractional diferential equation,boundary value problem

1 Introduction

In this paper,by using the coincidence degree theory,we discuss the existence of solutions to a coupled system of fractional p-Laplacian diferential equations at resonance:

In this paper,we always suppose that the following conditions hold.

(H2)fi:[0,1]×R4→Rsatisfed Carath′eodory conditions,i=1,2,that is,

(i)f(·;x1,x2,x3,x4):[0,1]→Ris measurable for all(x1,x2,x3,x4)∈R4;

(ii)f(t;·,·,·,·):R4→Ris continuous for a.e.t∈[0,1];

(iii)for each compact set K?R4there is a function φK∈L∞[0,1]such that

for a.e.t∈[0,1]and all(x1,x2,x3,x4)∈K.

The existence of solutions for boundary value problem of integer order diferential equations at resonance has been studied by many authors(see[1]–[10]and references cited therein).Since the extensive applicability of fractional diferential equations(see[11]and [12]),recently,more and more authors pay their close attention to the boundary value problems of fractional diferential equations(see[13]–[20]).In papers[13]and[14],the existence of solutions to coupled system of fractional diferential equations at nonresonance has been given.In papers[15]and[16],the solvability of fractional diferential equations at resonance has been investigated.

Paper[16]investigates the following coupled system of fractional diferential equations at resonance:

In the past few decades,in order to meet the demands of research,the p-Laplacian equation is introduced in some BVP,such as[17]and[18].

The turbulent fow in a porous medium is a fundamental mechanics problem.For studying this type of problems,Leibenson[17]introduced the p-Laplacian equation as follows

Paper[18]investigated the existence of solutions for the BVP of fractional p-Laplacian equation with the following form

where 0＜α,β≤1 with 1＜α+β≤2,and p＞1,?p(s)=|s|p?2s is a p-Laplacian operator, Dαis a Caputo fractional derivative.By using the coincidence degree theory,a new result on the existence of solutions for the above fractional boundary value problem is obtained.

Inspired by above works,our work presented in this paper has the following new features. On the one hand,the method used in this paper is the coincidence degree theory and the system has p-Laplacian,which bring about many argument difculties.On the other hand,our study is on fractional p-Laplacian diferential system with multipoint boundary conditions.To the best of our knowledge,there are relatively few results on boundary value problems for fractional p-Laplacian equations at resonance.We fll this gap in the literature. Hence we improve and generalize the results of previous papers to some degree,and so it is interesting and important to study the existence of solutions for system(1.1).

This paper is organized as follows.In Section 2,we present the transformation of the system(1.1),some results of fractional calculus theory and some lemmas,which are used in the next two sections.In Section 3,basing on the coincidence degree theory of Mawhin[19], we get the existence of solutions for system(1.1).In Section 4,one example is given to illustrate our result.Our result is diferent from those of bibliographies listed above.

2 Preliminaries

Clearly,if x(t)=(u(t),v(t),w1(t),w2(t))Tis a solution of(2.1),then(u(t),v(t))Tmust be a solution of(1.1).So the problem of fnding a solution for(1.1)is converted to fnd a solution for(2.1).

Next we present here the necessary defnitions and Lemmas from fractional calculus theory.These defnitions and Lemmas can be found in the recent literatures[11]and[12].

Defnition 2.1[11]The fractional integral of order α＞0 of a function f:(0,∞)→Ris defned by

provided that the right-hand side exists.

Defnition 2.2[11]The Riemann-Liouville fractional order derivative of order α∈(n?1,n]of a function f:(0,∞)→Ris defned by

provided that the right-hand side exists.

Lemma 2.1[12]Assume that f∈L[0,1],q＞p≥0.Then

Lemma 2.2[12]Assume that α＞0,λ＞?1.Then

where n=[α]+1.

Lemma 2.3[12]Let α∈(n?1,n],u∈C(0,1)∩L1(0,1).Then

where ci∈R,i=1,2,···,n.

Now,we briefy recall some notations and an abstract existence result,which can be found in[19].

Let X,Y be real Banach spaces,L:domL?X→Y be a Fredholm operator with index zero,and P:X→X,Q:Y→Y be projectors such that ImP=kerL,ImL=kerQ.then

and

is invertible.We denote the inverse by KP.

If ? is an open bounded subset of X such that domL∩?,then the map N:X→Y will be called L-compact onˉ? if QN(ˉ?)is bounded and KP(I?Q)N:ˉ?→X is compact.Lemma 2.4[19]Let L:domL?X → Y be a Fredholm operator with index zero and N:X→Y be L-compact on.Assume that the following conditions are satisfed:

(1)Lx/=λNx for every(x,λ)∈[(domLkerL)∩??]×(0,1);

(2)Nx/∈ImL for every x∈kerL∩??;

(3) deg(JQN|kerL,?∩kerL,0)/=0,where J:ImQ → kerL is a isomorphism, Q:Y→Y is a projection such that ImL=kerQ.

Then the equation Lx=Nx has at least one solution in domL∩ˉ?.

Let

Set

with norm

and

with norm

Defne the operator L:domL?X→Y by

where

Let N:X→Y be the operator

Then BVP(2.1)is equivalent to the operator equation

3 Main Results

Defne operators T1,T2,T3,T4:L[0,1]→Ras follows:

In order to obtain our main results,we frst present the following lemmas.

Lemma 3.1Suppose that(H1)holds,and let L be defned by(2.2).Then

Proof. Since(u,v,w1,w2)T∈kerL,we get

Combining with the boundary value condition u(0)=0,we get e11=0.So

Likewisely,

Together with the boundary value condition w1(0)=0,we get e21=0.So

Likewisely,

One has that(3.1)holds.

If y=(y1,y2,y3,y4)T∈ImL,then there exists an x=(u,v,w1,w2)T∈domL such that Lx=y.That is,

Basing on Lemma 2.3,we have

Likewisely,y2satisfes

Similarly,by Lemma 2.3,we have

Likewisely,y4satisfes

So,

That is,

On the other hand,let y=(y1,y2,y3,y4)T∈Y satisfy T1y1=T2y2=T3y3=T4y4=0, and x=(u,v,w1,w1)T.Take

It follows from Lemma 2.1 that

By T1y1=T2y2=T3y3=T4y4=0,we get that u,v,w1,w2satisfy

respectively.So,(u,v,w1,w2)T∈domL,we get(y1,y2,y3,y4)T∈ImL.That is,

The proof of Lemma 3.1 is completed.

Lemma 3.2Let L be defned by(2.2).If(H1)holds,then L is a Fredholm operator of index zero,and the linear continuous projector operators P:X→X and Q:Y→Y can be defned as

for t∈[0,1],and the operator KP:ImL→domL∩kerP can be written as

where KPis the inverse of L|domL∩kerP.

Proof. We divide the proof into two steps.

Step 1.We prove that L is a Fredholm operator of index zero.

(I)Since Lemma 3.1,we know

By u(t)=c11tα?1and Lemma 2.2,we get

So

Likewisely,

So ImP=kerL.

We show that P2(u,v,w1,w2)T=P(u,v,w1,w2)Tin the follows.In fact,by Lemma 2.2,we get

Then P is the linear continuous projector operator.So,we have X=kerL⊕kerP.

(II)For y=(y1,y2,y3,y4)T∈Y,we prove Q2y=Qy,that is,Q2iyi=Qiyi,i= 1,2,3,4.In fact,

Likewisely,

So

From the defnition of Q and(3.2),we can easily get that

So,we have

Thus

This means that L is a Fredholm operator of index zero.

Step 2.We prove that the inverse of L|domL∩kerPis KP.

For y=(y1,y2,y3,y4)T∈ImL,z=(z1,z2,z3,z4)T,let z=KPy,that is,z satisfy zi=KPiyi,i=1,2,3,4,and z∈domL∩kerP.Since LKPy=y,we get Lz=y.By(2.2), we know

By Lemma 2.3,we have

By z∈domL,we know zi(0)=0,i=1,2,3,4.So,

By z∈kerP,we know

It follows from(3.3)–(3.4)and Lemma 2.2 that

We get

It follows from(3.3)–(3.5)that

That is,

The proof of Lemma 3.2 is completed.

Lemma 3.3Suppose that(H1)and(H2)hold.If ??X is an open bounded subset and domL∩ˉ?/=?,then N is L-compact onˉ?.

(i)The condition(H2)and the continuity of ?q1,?q2mean that there exist constant Mi＞0 such that

For x∈ˉ?,t∈[0,1],we have

And we can know

From(3.6)–(3.8),we get

(ii)For 0≤t1＜t2≤1,x∈,we have

By Lemma 2.1,we get

Similarly,we get

for k=3,4.

Applying the Arzel`a-Ascoli theorem,we get KP(I?Q)N:→X is compact.So,N is L-compact on.The proof of Lemma 3.3 is completed.

To obtain our main results,we need the following conditions.

(H3)There exist functions ζi,ψi,φi,hi,gi∈L[0,1],i=1,2,such that

for t∈[0,1],(x1,x2,x3,x4)∈R4,where ψi,φi,hi,gi,i=1,2,satisfying

(H4)For x∈domL,there exist constants Ri＞0,i=1,2,3,4,such that if at least one of the inequations

(1)|u(t)|＞R1,t∈[?n1,1];

(2)|w1(t)|＞R3,t∈[ξn,1];

(3)|v(t)|＞R2,t∈[σm1,1];

(4)|w2(t)|＞R4,t∈[ηm,1]

holds,then at least one of the following inequations holds:

(H5) For x=(c1tα?1,c2tα?1,c3tβ?1,c4tβ?1)T∈kerL,there exist constants ei＞0, i=1,2,3,4,such that either

(1)ciTiNix＞0 if|ci|＞ei,i=1,2,3,4,

or

(2)ciTiNix＜0,if|ci|＞ei,i=1,2,3,4

holds.

Lemma 3.4Suppose that(H1)–(H4)hold.Then the set

is bounded in X.

Proof.Take

By Lx=λNx,Lemma 2.3 and(u(0),v(0),w1(0),w2(0))T=(0,0,0,0)T,we have

By Nx∈ImL,we get

These,together with(H4),mean that there exist constants t11∈[?n1,1],t1∈[ξn,1], t22∈[σm1,1],t2∈[ηm,1]such that

By(3.10),we have

By Lemma 2.3,we have

that is,

Similarly,we have

By(3.10)–(3.12),we know

which together with

(see[20])and(3.13)–(3.14),we get

So

Likewisely,

In view of(3.9a),we can see that there exist constants,＞0 such that

So

Combing(3.13)with(3.14),we get

On the other hand,by(3.10),we have

So

Likewisely,

That is,

Since

likewisely(3.15)and(3.17)obtained,and the condition(3.9b),we can know there exist constants,＞0 such that

By(3.15)–(3.18),we have

where

Therefore,?1is bounded.The proof of Lemma 3.4 is completed.

Lemma 3.5Suppose that(H1),(H2)and(H5)hold.Then the set

is bounded in X.

Proof. For x=(u,v,w1,w2)T∈?2,we have

By Nx∈ImL,we know

By(H5),we know there exist constants ei＞0 such that

So

that is,

Likewisely,

By Lemma 2.2,we can get

that is,

Likewisely,

Thus

where

Therefore,?2is bounded.The proof of Lemma 3.5 is completed.

Lemma 3.6Suppose that(H1),(H2)and(H5)hold.Then the set

is bounded in X,where J:ImQ→kerL is a isomorphism given by

Proof. For x=(u,v,w1,w2)T∈kerL,(u,v,w1,w2)T=(c1tα?1,c2tα?1,c3tβ?1, c4tβ?1)T,ci∈R,t∈[0,1],i=1,2,3,4.There exists λ∈[0,1]such that

that is,

We get

If λ=0,by(H5),we get

If λ=1,we get

For λ∈(0,1),one has

If at least one of the inequalities in(3.19)holds,we have that at least one of the following inequations holds:

this is a contradiction.So,for λ∈[0,1],we get

Similar to the proof of Lemma 3.5,we can get

Therefore,we obtain ?3is bounded.The proof of Lemma 3.6 is completed.

Theorem 3.1Suppose that(H1)–(H5)hold.Then the problem(1.1)has at least one solution in X.

Proof. Set

Obviously,? is a bounded open subset of X and ?1∪?2∪?3??.It follows from Lemmas 3.2 and 3.3 that L(defned by(2.2))is a Fredholm operator of index zero and N(defned by (2.3))is L-compact on.By Lemmas 3.4 and 3.5,we get that the following two conditions are satisfed:

(1)Lx/=λNx for every(x,λ)∈[(domLkerL)∩??]×(0,1);

(2)Nx/∈ImL for every x∈kerL∩??.

Next,we need only to prove

(3)deg(JQN|kerL,?∩kerL,0)/=0.

Take

According to Lemma 3.6,we know

By the homotopy of degree,we have

By Lemma 2.4,we can get that Lx=Nx has at least one solution on domL∩ˉ?.That is, (2.1)has at least one solution in X.Then we know(1.1)has at least one solution in X. The proof of Theorem 3.1 is completed.

4 Example

Let us consider the following coupled system of fractional p-Laplacian diferential equations at resonance

where

Then

and

By simple calculation,we can get that(H1)–(H4)and(H5)(1)hold.By Theorem 3.1,we obtain that the problem(4.1)has at least one solution.

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A

1674-5647(2017)01-0033-20

10.13447/j.1674-5647.2017.01.05

Received date:April 13,2015.

Foundation item:The Key NSF(KJ2015A196)of Anhui Higher Education and the Young Foundation (2015QN19)of Hefei Normal University.

*Corresponding author.

E-mail address:zhouhui0309@126.com(Zhou H),zhouzf12@126.com(Zhou Z F).

2010 MR subject classifcation:26A33,34B15