aDepartment of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Prince of

Songkla University,Songkhla 90112,Thailand

bExcellent Research Laboratory,Phytomedicine and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Excellence Center,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Prince of Songkla University,Songkhla 90112,Thailand

Production of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the fern Pteris ensiformis suspension culture

Sireewan Kaewsuwana,b,*,Adilah Salaeha

aDepartment of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Prince of

Songkla University,Songkhla 90112,Thailand

bExcellent Research Laboratory,Phytomedicine and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Excellence Center,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Prince of Songkla University,Songkhla 90112,Thailand

A R T I C L E I N F O

Article history:

Available online 25 November 2015

Pteris ensiformis

Polyunsaturated fatty acids

Suspension culture

Polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs)are essential nutrients for a healthy diet and adequate human development[1].The human consumption of PUFAs is steadily increasing,but the production of fsh oil,the main source of PUFAs for human consumption,is declining[2].Increasing PUFA demand has therefore raised an interest in achieving these PUFAs from alternative sources that are more economical and sustainable.

The present study aimed to establish the suspension culture of fern for alternative PUFA production source.Thirty-three samples were screened for high contents of PUFAs using gas chromatography.The results showed that sword brake fern (Pteris ensiformis)produced the highest content of PUFAs of 28.13 mg/g dry cell weight(DCW),in which included 4.94 mg/g DCW linoleic acid,4.50 mg/g DCW arachinodic acid and 18.70 mg/g DCW α-linolenic acid.Pteris ensiformis,accumulating highest total PUFAs,was used as material for calli, suspension culture,and further optimization the culture condition for enhancing cell growth and PUFA production.After various biochemical and physical parameters,including basal media,carbon and nitrogen sources,metal ions,plant growth regulators and initial pH were investigated in shake-fask cultures;the optimal culture condition for P.ensiformis culture was suggested as the liquid B5 medium containing 2.0%(w/v) sucrose and 2.53 g/l KNO3and supplemented with 100 mg/l MgSO4and 1.5 mg/l kinetin at initial pH 5.5.Under this optimized condition,the maximum biomass(Dry cell weight,DCW) and PUFA production achieved were 12.73 g/l and 90.33 mg/l, respectively,on week 11 of P.ensiformis culture.The major fnding was the abundance of essential linoleic acid(ω-6)and α-linolenic acid(ω-3).This is the frst report on producing PUFAs in a nonseed lower plant P.ensiformis culture.The obtained results suggest P.ensiformis as a potential alternative PUFA source and provide the information for further development of the rational strategies for enhancing the commercial production of PUFAs.

Acknowledgment

The authors acknowledge Professor Dr.Thaweesak Boonkerd from Chulalongkorn University for plant identifcation in this work.

Fig.1–P.ensiformmis and its culture(A),cell growth(B)and PUFA production(C)curves of P.ensiformis culture grown under optimized condition.Vertical lines indicate S.E.

R E F E R E N C E S

[1]Gill I,Valivety R.Polyunsaturated fatty acids,part 1: occurrence,biological activities and application.Trends Biotechnol 1997;15:401–409.

[2]Takeuchi T.A review of feed development for early life stages of marine fnfsh in Japan.Aquaculture 2001;200:203–222.

*E-mail address:songsri.k@psu.ac.th.

Peer review under responsibility of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajps.2015.11.073

1818-0876/?2016 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University.This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).