APPITAVol.69No.1-2016APPITA2016年第1期中英文摘要

為了在印度尼西亞不太知名的樹種中的發(fā)現(xiàn)新的制漿木材資源，研究了terap(學名Artocarpuselasticus)、medang(學名Neolitsealatifolia)和balikangin(學名Alphitoniaexcelsa)的纖維細胞特征。就纖維和導管的平均長度而言，terap為1.55 mm和0.42 mm，medang為1.21 mm和0.56 mm，balikangin為1.14 mm和0.52 mm。導管、纖維、射線細胞、軸向薄壁組織和細胞壁的平均比例分別是：terap為10%，48.5%，18.3%，22.7%，45.4%; medang為21.8%，49.7%，13.8%，14.9%，50.5%；balikangin為15.6%，67.7%，10.3%，6.4%和46.4%。這三個樹種的纖維細胞結(jié)構(gòu)特征與現(xiàn)在所用制漿木材的速生樹種相似。結(jié)果表明，纖維直徑和細胞壁百分比影響三個樹木的密度。

細胞形態(tài)學；速生樹種；terap(Artocarpuselasticus)；medang(Neolitsealatifolia)；balikangin(Alphitoniaexcelsa)

Opticalbrighteningagentquenchingeffectinfurnishcontaininghigh-yieldpulp

HONGBIN LIU CHUANYOU LI LIJUAN WANG JINYONG PENG CUI CHEN

SUMMARY: The use of optical brightening agent (OBA) and High-yield Pulp (HYP) in fine paper productionis driven by enhanced brightness requirements and reduced manufacturing cost. Due to the fact that HYP contains high amount of lignin, the OBA quenching effect, defined as the decrease in the OBA brightening efficiency due to the presence of lignin in the HYP-containing furnish is a concern. The OBA brightening in pulp furnish containing HYP, together with wet end chemicals (PEI, CPAM, APAM, cationic starch) and fillers (PCC or GCC), were investigated. It was found that the OBA brightening efficiency decreased with increased HYP content in the furnish. Polyethylenimine (PEI) had the most noticeable negative effect on the OBA brightening efficiency. PCC filler produced greater brightness gain than GCC filler at the same OBA dosage.

KEYWORDS: optical brightening agent (OBA); High-yield Pulp (HYP);OBA brightening efficiency; lignin quenching effect; wet end chemicals; calcium carbonate fillers

熒光增白劑在含有高得率漿中的熄火效應

HONGBIN LIU CHUANYOU LI LIJUAN WANG JINYONG PENG CUI CHEN

摘要：在復印紙中添加熒光增白劑(OBA)和高得率漿(HYP)，目的是追求更高的紙張亮度和降低生產(chǎn)成本。由于HYP含有大量的木素，OBA產(chǎn)生熄火效應，這是因為木素在HYP漿料中的存在，會導致OBA增白效率的降低。本文研究了OBA在含HYP以及濕部化學品(PEI、CPAM、APAM、陽離子淀粉)和填料(PCC或GCC)的紙漿配料中的增白性能。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，OBA的增白效果隨配料中HYP含量的增加而降低；聚乙烯亞胺(PEI)對OBA的增白效果負面影響最顯著；PCC填料在相同的OBA劑量下比GCC填料產(chǎn)生更大的亮度增益。

關鍵詞：熒光增白劑(OBA)；高得率漿(HYP)；OBA增白效率；木素熄火效應；濕部化學品；碳酸鈣填料

WeightedaveragesanddistributionsoffibrecharacteristicsofmechanicalpulpsPartI:Alternativemethodsofweightingdatafromanopticalanalyserproduceaveragesthatrankpulpsdifferently

SREYIER ?STERLING O FERRITSIUS R FERRITSIUS J ST?NGMYR

SUMMARY: To improve the operation and energy efficiency of mechanical pulping processes, the effect of each stage of the process on the fibres should be carefully evaluated. Fibre-data from an optical analyser were used to predict tensile index by calculatingBIN(Bonding abilityINfluence). Wall volume weighted averages of wall thickness index and fibrillation index gave the most accurate predictions of the tensile index of laboratory sheets made from long fibre fractions of various mechanical pulps. Fibre width index, when used as a single factor, reduced the accuracy of the model. The ranking of some samples changed when fibre width was wall volume weighted compared to arithmetic. When fibre width was combined with wall thickness to give a collapse resistance index, no rankings changed. Weighted averages based on squared fibre length (length2) showed poor correlation to wall volume weighted averages for cross-sectional fibre dimensions, and resulted in different levels of correlation to long fibre tensile index for the five evaluated pulps.

KEYWORDS: fibre; bonding ability influence(BIN); weighted average; fibre characteristic; arithmetic; wall volume; FiberLab; optical analyser; collapse resistance index; length2; hydrocyclone

機械漿纖維特性的加權(quán)平均值和分布第一部分：光學分析儀數(shù)據(jù)不同的加權(quán)平均值影響對紙漿的評價

SREYIER ?STERLING O FERRITSIUS R FERRITSIUS J ST?NGMYR

摘要：為了改進機械法制漿過程的生產(chǎn)和能源效益，必須細致評估每個階段對纖維的影響。從光學分析儀獲取的纖維數(shù)據(jù)通過計算BIN(結(jié)合能指數(shù))來預測其抗張指數(shù)。纖維壁厚指數(shù)和原纖維化指數(shù)的細胞壁體積加權(quán)平均值可準確地預測各種機械漿長纖維組分抄造的實驗室手抄紙的抗張指數(shù)。纖維寬度指數(shù)作為單一系數(shù)使用時，會降低模型的準確性。相對于常用的數(shù)學模式，當纖維寬度用壁體積加權(quán)平均時與算數(shù)平均相比，某些纖維試樣的評價發(fā)生了改變。當纖維寬度與壁厚組合在一起表示抗壓潰指數(shù)時，試樣的評價不變?；诶w維長度加權(quán)平方的平均值與纖維橫截面壁體積加權(quán)平均值的相關性較差，導致5種機漿料中與長纖維的抗張指數(shù)產(chǎn)生不同程度的相關性。

關鍵詞：纖維；結(jié)合能指數(shù)(BIN)；加權(quán)平均；纖維特性；算術；纖維壁體積；FiberLab；光學分析儀；抗壓潰指數(shù)；長度的平方；渦流除塵器

InterstagefractionationandlowconsistencyrefiningforTMPPart1:Energyconsumptionandpulpproperties

MY-MUSTAPHA LEMRINI ROBERT LANOUETTE GASTON MICHAUD

SUMMARY: The impact of an interstage fractionation followed by a low consistency refining (LCR) stage prior to a high consistency refining (HCR) was studied. We present the resulting energy consumption and pulp property changes when different energy input ratios (energy at LCR/energy at HCR) are applied to the long fibre fraction obtained at the interstage screening.

Three basic processes were studied: (1) a high consistency (HC) refining, (2) a low consistency (LC) refining, and (3) fractionation followed by an LCR stage and an HCR stage in series applied to the long fibre fraction, and recombination. We applied different energy levels to the long fibre fraction, from 100% of the secondary stage refining energy at LC and 0% at HC to 0% applied at LC and 100% at HC, as well as three intermediate ratios of the energy applied at LC. Properties were altered when excessive energy was transferred to the LCR. Adjustment of the LCR/HCR ratio prevented large losses in terms of tensile and tear strength. For 17 to 29% energy savings (to reach 100 CSF), the loss in tensile increased from 6 to 9%, whereas the tear changed insignificantly. Fractionation is significant in altering the energy-pulp property relationship, except in the case of tensile strength. Overall these results demonstrate that there is a considerable range of options for reducing the energy input while maintaining the quality of the final pulp through the use of fractionation and a combination of low and high consistency processes.

KEYWORDS: mechanical pulping；low consistency refining；high consistency refining；interstage fractionation；energy consumption；pulp properties

TMP的纖維分級和低濃打漿第1部分：能耗和紙漿性能

MY-MUSTAPHA LEMRINI ROBERT LANOUETTE GASTON MICHAUD

摘要：研究了在高濃打漿(HCR)之前進行纖維分級，然后進行低濃打漿(LCR)對能耗和紙漿性能的影響。闡述了在對TMP進行纖維分級所獲得的長纖維部分，應用不同的能量輸入比(HCR的打漿能耗/LCR的打漿能耗)時，得到的總能耗和紙漿性質(zhì)的不同。

研究包括3個方面：①高濃度(HC)打漿；②低濃度(LC)打漿；③纖維分級后對長纖維組分先低濃打漿后高濃打漿，然后與短纖維組分混合。對長纖維組分打漿采用不同的能級，從低濃段打漿使用100%的能量(高濃段為0)，到低濃段使用0(高濃段為100%)，以及介于這兩種情況之間的3種不同低濃和高濃能量分配比例。當過多的能量分配到低濃打漿時，漿料的特性發(fā)生改變。調(diào)整低濃/高濃能量分配比例可以防止紙張拉伸和撕裂強度方面的巨大損失。在紙漿游離度達到100 CSF的情況下，當磨漿能耗節(jié)省17%～29%時，抗張強度損失從6%增加到9%，而撕裂強度變化不大。除了在抗張強度，纖維長度分級能顯著改變能耗與紙漿性能的關系。結(jié)果表明，通過對纖維分級以及低濃和高濃打漿相結(jié)合，有很多的選擇去實現(xiàn)打漿能耗減少，同時保持最終的紙漿質(zhì)量。

關鍵詞：機械制漿；低濃打漿；高濃打漿；纖維分級；能耗；漿料特性

Integrationofelectrolysistoproducehydrogenandoxygeninapulpmillprocess

KATJA KUPARINEN ESA VAKKILAINEN PETER RYDER

SUMMARY: The pulp and paper industry faces demand for totally carbon free production. Due to local conditions, there are challenges to sell produced additional electricity. A novel way, generating hydrogen and oxygen through the electrolysis of water can decarbonize the largest fossil carbon dioxide producing equipment, the lime kiln. The oxygen produced can be used for generation of bleaching chemicals, and also for effluent treatment. The operation and capacity of the recovery boiler can be improved by oxygen use. Using excess electricity of a typical, large South-American pulp mill, 73% of the heat demand of the lime kiln can be covered with hydrogen and the produced amount of oxygen exceeds the mill’s oxygen requirement. The profitability of the integration depends on the other possible uses for electricity. When sales price for electricity is low or purchased oil price is high electrolysis can decrease the operating costs of a modern pulp mill.

KEYWORDS: water electrolysis; hydrogen; oxygen; lime kiln; recovery boiler

在制漿廠工藝流程中加入電解工段來生產(chǎn)氫和氧

KATJA KUPARINEN ESA VAKKILAINEN PETER RYDER

摘要：制漿造紙行業(yè)正面臨著無碳生產(chǎn)的需求。由于當?shù)氐臈l件限制，有時出售額外的電力會有挑戰(zhàn)。一種通過電解水生成氫和氧的新方法可以最大化地的使用不可再生能源和降低CO2產(chǎn)生設備-石灰窯的碳排放。產(chǎn)生的氧氣可用于產(chǎn)生漂白化學品，也可用于廢水處理。通過使用氧氣可以提高堿回收鍋爐的運行能力。一個典型的大型南美制漿廠，使用過剩電力，石灰窯的熱需求量的73%可以用氫氣取代，氧氣的產(chǎn)生量超過了工廠的氧氣需求量。整合電解工段的盈利能力取決于電力的其他可能用途。當電價銷售價格低或購買的原油價格高時，電解工段可以降低現(xiàn)代化制漿廠的經(jīng)營成本。

關鍵詞：水電解；氫氣；氧氣；石灰窯；堿回收鍋爐

Studyofradialvariationinanatomicalcharacteristicsofthreenativefast-growingtreespeciesofasecondaryforestinSouthKalimantanforevaluationaspulpwood

WIWIN TYAS ISTIKOWATI HARUNA AISO FUTOSHI ISHIGURI SUNARDI BUDISUTIYA JYUNICHI OHSHIMA KAZUYA IIZUKA SHINSO YOKOTA

SUMMARY: The anatomical characteristics of terap (Artocarpuselasticus), medang (Neolitsealatifolia) and balikangin (Alphitoniaexcelsa) were studied to identify new pulpwood resources among lesser-known species native to Indonesia. The mean values of fibre and vessel element lengths were 1.55 and 0.42 mm in terap, 1.21 and 0.56 mm in medang and 1.14 and 0.52 mm in balikangin. The mean proportions of vessel, fibre, ray parenchyma, axial parenchyma and cell wall were 10.5%, 48.5%, 18.3%, 22.7% and 45.4% in terap, 21.6%, 49.7%, 13.8%, 14.9% and 50.5% in medang and 15.6%, 67.7%, 10.3%, 6.4% and 46.4% in balikangin. The anatomical characteristics of the three species were similar to those of fast-growing tree species used as pulpwood. Fibre diameter and cell wall percentage were significantly correlated with basic density in all species, indicating that diameter of wood fibre and cell wall percentages affect basic density values of all three woods.

cellmorphology; fast-growing tree species; terap (Artocarpuselasticus); medang (Neolitsealatifolia); balikangin (Alphitoniaexcelsa)

研究印度尼西亞加里曼丹南部次生林三種速生樹種纖維細胞特征的徑向變化以評估其制漿性能

WIWIN TYAS ISTIKOWATI HARUNA AISO FUTOSHI ISHIGURI SUNARDI BUDISUTIYA JYUNICHI OHSHIMA KAZUYA IIZUKA SHINSO YOKOTA