郭軒, 余志剛, 陳會明

(貴州科學(xué)院生物研究所，貴陽550009)

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貴州洞穴小弱蛛屬一新種記述(蜘蛛目：弱蛛科)

郭軒, 余志剛, 陳會明*

(貴州科學(xué)院生物研究所，貴陽550009)

記述采自貴州省施秉縣一洞穴小弱蛛屬Leptonetela一新種，施秉小弱蛛Leptonetelashibingensissp.nov.。該新種近似于查氏小弱蛛LeptonetelazhaiWang & Li，2011，主要區(qū)別有：眼退化，僅留眼丘，后者6眼完全；雄蛛觸肢器中突(median apophysis，M)小，三角形，而后者中突大，近掌狀；雄蛛觸肢器脛節(jié)基刺(basal spine of male palpal tibia，TBS)短而粗，末端向內(nèi)彎曲。模式標(biāo)本保存于貴州科學(xué)院生物研究所。

弱蛛科；新種；洞穴；貴州

小弱蛛屬Leptonetela由Josef Kratochvíl于1978年建立，目前已知有50種(World Spider Catalog，2015)，主要分布于中國(貴州、江西、浙江、安徽、湖南、廣西、重慶)、格魯吉亞、希臘、土耳其、越南(Deeleman-Reinhold，1971；Brignoli，1976，1979；徐亞君，宋大祥，1983；陳樟福等，1984；Deltshev，1985；Dunin，1990；Gasparo，2005；陳會明，朱明生，2008；Chenetal.，2010；Lin & Li，2010；Wang & Li，2011)，其中分布于貴州的種類最多，有31種。

作者在鑒定采自貴州省的弱蛛科標(biāo)本時，發(fā)現(xiàn)小弱蛛屬一新種，將其命名為施秉小弱蛛Leptonetelashibingensissp.nov.。本文測量單位均為mm。模式標(biāo)本保存于貴州科學(xué)院生物研究所。

施秉小弱蛛Leptonetelashibingensissp.nov.(圖版Ⅰ，圖版Ⅱ)

正?！幔F州省施秉縣白朵鄉(xiāng)石家灣村穿洞上洞(27°10.544′N，108°11.802′E，海拔671 m)，2012年11月3日，陳會明、郭軒采。副模：4♂♂，3♀♀，采集信息同正模；4♂♂，10♀♀，貴州省施秉縣白朵鄉(xiāng)石家灣村坳田洞(27°10.189′N，108°11.697′E，海拔1 097 m)，2012年11月4日，陳會明、郭軒采；1♂，5♀♀，貴州省施秉縣牛大場鎮(zhèn)喇叭筒塘坎洞(27°12.495′N，108°01.884′E，海拔1051 m)，2012年7月19日，陳會明、郭軒采。

詞源學(xué)：新種種名源自模式標(biāo)本采集地施秉縣的漢語拼音，“shibing” 加上拉丁化后綴“ensis”。

鑒別特征：區(qū)別于其他種的特征是，插入器頂部具1小錐體，基刺短粗且末端突然變細(xì)并向內(nèi)強(qiáng)烈彎曲。本新種近似于查氏小弱蛛L.zhaiWang & Li，2011(Page 88～90，F(xiàn)igs 69～71)，主要區(qū)別有：眼退化，僅留眼丘(圖版Ⅰ：1～2)，后者6眼完全；雄蛛觸肢器中突小，三角形(圖版Ⅱ：5)，而后者中突大，近掌狀；雄蛛觸肢器脛節(jié)基刺短而粗，末端向內(nèi)彎曲(圖版Ⅰ：4，圖版Ⅱ：6)。

描述：正模(圖版Ⅰ：1)，雄蛛，體形似雌蛛，腹部側(cè)面觀較雌蛛扁平。體長1.65。背甲光滑，淡黃色，長0.68，寬0.56，厚度為寬度的0.84倍；中窩褐色，針狀。額黃色。螯肢長0.37，淡黃色，前齒堤8齒，后齒堤6小齒；基部具8根短剛毛。眼退化，僅留4個眼丘，眼域兩側(cè)具2根剛毛。胸板長0.46，寬0.43，具毛。下唇長0.08，寬0.12，淡黃色。腹部乳黃色，無斑紋，具毛，長0.85，寬0.68。

圖版Ⅰ 施秉小弱蛛, 新種Leptonetela shibingensis sp.nov.

1.雄蛛,背面觀 Male body, dorsal view；2.雌蛛,背面觀 Female body, dorsal view；3.雄蛛左觸肢器, 內(nèi)側(cè)面觀 Left male palp, prolateral view；4.雄蛛左觸肢器, 外側(cè)面觀 Left male palp, retrolateral view.

步足淡黃色，脛節(jié)Ⅰ、Ⅱ具曲毛；后跗節(jié)Ⅱ和Ⅲ具櫛器。步足測量(腿節(jié)+膝節(jié)+脛節(jié)+后跗節(jié)+跗節(jié)=總長)Ⅰ：1.74+0.24+1.86+1.48+0.96=6.28；Ⅱ：1.50+0.23+1.52+1.19+0.80=5.24；Ⅲ：1.30+0.23+1.24+1.04+0.66=4.47；Ⅳ：1.61+0.22+1.59+1.34+0.85=5.61。步足式：1423。

觸肢基節(jié)長0.35，寬0.16。觸肢測量(腿節(jié)+膝節(jié)+脛節(jié)+跗節(jié)=總長)：0.49+0.15+0.26+0.34=1.24；觸肢脛節(jié)長度為膝節(jié)長度的1.73倍。觸肢脛節(jié)背面具3根聽毛(圖版Ⅱ：6)；腹面具5根刺，2根末刺、2根中刺、1根基刺，基刺末端向內(nèi)彎曲(圖版Ⅱ：6)；前側(cè)面具幾根細(xì)長刺。跗節(jié)末端收縮，中部的頂縮較淺；后側(cè)突位于后側(cè)面，靠近頂端；

圖版Ⅱ 施秉小弱蛛, 新種Leptonetelashibingensissp.nov.

Plate ⅡLeptonetelashibingensissp.nov.

5.雄蛛左觸肢器,內(nèi)側(cè)面觀 Left male palp, prolateral view；6.雄蛛左觸肢器, 外側(cè)面觀 Left male palp, retrolateral view；7.雌蛛外雌器，背面觀Female genitalia, dorsal view; A.中庭atrium, AC.雄蛛觸肢頂縮apical constriction of male palp, C.引導(dǎo)器conductor, E.插入器embolus, M.中突median apophysis, PF.頂片proapical flange, RA.跗節(jié)后側(cè)突 retrolated tarsal apophysis, S.納精囊spermathecae, TES.雄蛛觸肢脛節(jié)末刺endmost spine of male palpal tibia, TBS.雄蛛觸肢脛節(jié)基刺basal spine of male palpal tibia, TMS.雄蛛觸肢脛節(jié)中刺median spine of male palpal tibia.

跗節(jié)后側(cè)面具一排短剛毛在后側(cè)突上和跗節(jié)的基部；跗節(jié)頂端具多根長剛毛(圖版 Ⅰ：3～4；圖版 Ⅱ：6)。生殖球近卵圓形，前側(cè)突卵圓形；中突小三角形(圖版 Ⅱ：5)；頂片細(xì)條形(圖版 Ⅰ：3～4；圖版 Ⅱ：5～6)。

副模，雌蛛，體形似雄蛛，腹部側(cè)面觀較雄蛛高。體長1.42。背甲光滑，長0.56，寬0.46，厚度為背甲寬度的0.74倍，淡黃色；中窩褐色，針狀(圖版Ⅰ：2)。額淡黃色。螯肢長0.34，淡黃色，前齒堤6齒和1小齒，后齒堤6小齒；基部具8根短剛毛。完全退化，僅留6個眼丘，眼域后具2根剛毛(圖版Ⅰ：2)。胸板長0.45，寬0.33，具毛。下唇0.06長，0.13寬，淡黃色。腹部乳黃色，無斑紋，具毛，長0.82，寬0.68。外雌器為寬闊的三角形，簡單；內(nèi)面觀具1對盤旋的納精囊，具1三角形的中庭(圖版Ⅱ：7)。

步足淡黃色；后跗節(jié)Ⅱ和Ⅲ具梳器。步足測量(腿節(jié)+膝節(jié)+脛節(jié)+后跗節(jié)+跗節(jié)=總長)：Ⅰ：1.71+0.25+1.85+1.38+0.96=6.15；Ⅱ：1.42+0.25+1.42+0.99+0.36=4.44；Ⅲ：1.29+0.27+1.21+0.96+0.71=4.44；Ⅳ：1.62+0.21+1.57+1.31+0.84=5.55。足式1423。觸肢基節(jié)長0.29，寬0.13。觸肢測量(腿節(jié)+膝節(jié)+脛節(jié)+跗節(jié)=總長)：0.45+0.15+0.35+0.44=1.39。

分布：目前僅知分布于模式標(biāo)本的采集地。

陳會明, 朱明生. 2008. 貴州織金洞真洞穴蜘蛛一新屬一新種(蜘蛛目Araneae：弱蛛科Leptonetidae)[J]. 大理學(xué)院學(xué)報, 7(12): 11-14.

陳樟福, 沈永昶, 高楓. 1984. 浙江巖洞弱蛛屬二新種記述(蜘蛛目：弱蛛科)[J]. 杭州師院學(xué)報(自然科學(xué)版), (1): 8-13.

徐亞君, 宋大祥. 1983. 我國弱蛛一新種(蜘蛛目： 弱蛛科)[J]. 徽州師專學(xué)報(理科版), (2): 24-27.

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Deltshev CD. 1985. New data concerning cave spiders (Araneae) in Greece with description of a newLeptonetela(Araeae, Leptonetidae) [J]. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica, 27: 41-45.

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One New Spider Species of GenusLeptonetela(Araneae： Leptonetidae) from Cave in Guizhou, China

GUO Xuan, YU Zhigang, CHEN Huiming*

(Institute of Biology, Guizhou Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550009, China)

A new species,Leptonetelashibingensissp.nov., collected from Chuandong cave, Shibing county, Guizhou province, China was described, photographed and illustrated.Type specimen is deposited in the Institute of Biology, Guizhou Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China.All measurements are given in mm.Leptonetelashibingensissp.nov.(Plates Ⅰ, Ⅱ)Type material.Holotype：♂, Chuandong cave, Shijiawang village, Baiduo town, Shibing county, Guizhou province, China, 27°10.544′N，108°11.802′E，Alt.： 671 m, November 3，2012, collected by H.M.Chen and X.Guo.Paratype： 4♂♂and 3 ♀♀, same data as holotype; 4♂♂and 10 ♀♀, Aotian cave, Shijiawang village, Baiduo town, Shibing county, Guizhou province, China, 27°10.189′N，108°11.697′E, Alt.： 1 097 m, November 4, 2012, collected by H.M.Chen and X.Guo; 1♂and 5 ♀♀, Tangkan cave, Labatong, Niudachang town, Shibing county, Guizhou province, China, 27°12.495′N，108°01.884′E, Alt.： 1 051m, July 19, 2012, collected by H.M.Chen and X.Guo.Etymology： The specific name refers to the type locality; adjective.Diagnosis： Distinguished from relatives by a small cone on the tip of embolus, the basal spines of male palpal tibia (TBS) abruptly narrowed in the distal part and bend end.This new species is similar toL.zhaiWang & Li, 2011 (Pages 88～90, Figs 69～71), but can be distinguished by no eyes (Plate Ⅰ： 1, 2), the triangle-shaped and small median apophysis (M, Plate Ⅱ： 5), the short and thick TBS bend entad on the end (Plate Ⅰ： 4, Plate Ⅱ： 6).Description： Male holotype.Total length 1.65.Carapace smooth, 0.68 long, 0.56 wide, height at fovea 0.84 times carapace width, yellowish; thoracic fovea brown, needle-shaped (Plate Ⅰ： 1).Clypeus yellowish.Chelicerae 0.37 long, yellowish, with 8 promarginal teeth and 6 retromarginal denticles; 8 short setae on base.Eyeless, only remain four eyespots on ocular area, two setae behind ocular area (Plate Ⅰ： 1).Sternum 0.46 long, 0.43 wide, haired; labium 0.08 long, 0.12 wide, yellowish.Leg formula： Ⅰ-Ⅳ-Ⅱ-Ⅲ.Leg measurements (femur+patella+tibia+metatarsus+tarsus=total)： Ⅰ： 1.74+0.24+1.86+1.48+0.96=6.28; Ⅱ： 1.50+0.23+1.52+1.19+0.80=5.24; Ⅲ： 1.30+0.23+1.24+1.04+0.66=4.47; Ⅳ： 1.61+0.22+1.59+1.34+0.85=5.61.Leg yellowish, tibia Ⅰ and Ⅱ with rows of fine hairs on ventral surface; preening comb occurs ventroapically on the metatarsus of leg Ⅱ and Ⅲ.Papal coxae 0.35 long, 0.16 wide.Palpal measurements (femur+patella+tibia+tarsus=total)： 0.49+0.15+0.26+0.34=1.24; the length of tibia 1.76 times that of patella.Palpal tibia with 3 dorsally trichobothria (Plate Ⅱ： 6), 5 especial ventral spines in retrolateral, and several gracile spines in prolateral (Plate Ⅰ： 4, 6).Tarsus dwindle distally, with relatively shallow apical constriction of male palp (AC) in middle part, retrolateral tarsal apophysis (RA) in adjacent apical part in retrolateral; retrolateral side with row of short setae on RA and at base part of tarsus; a group long setae at apical part (Plate Ⅰ： 4, Plate Ⅱ： 6).Bulb suboval, without prolateral lobe (PL); M small, triangle-shaped (Plate Ⅱ： 5); proapical flange (PF) transparent, thin strip-shaped (Plate Ⅱ： 5, 6).Abdomen creamy yellow, without markings, haired, 0.85 long, 0.68 wide.Female paratype.Total length 1.42.Carapace smooth, 0.56 long, 0.46 wide, height at fovea 0.74 times carapace width, yellowish; thoracic fovea brown, needle-shaped (Plate Ⅰ： 2).Clypeus yellowish.Chelicerae 0.34 long, yellowish, fang furrow with 6 teeth and 1 denticles on promargin and 6 denticles on retromargin; 8 short setae on base.Eyeless, only remain 6 eyespots on ocular area, 2 setae behind ocular area (Plate Ⅰ： 2).2 setae behind ocular area.Sternum 0.45 long, 0.33 wide, haired; labium 0.06 long, 0.13 wide, yellowish.Leg formula： Ⅰ-Ⅳ-Ⅱ-Ⅲ.Leg measurements (femur+patella+tibia+metatarsus+tarsus=total)： Ⅰ： 1.71+0.25+1.85+1.38+0.96=6.15; Ⅱ： 1.42+0.25+1.42+0.99+0.36=4.44; Ⅲ： 1.29+0.27+1.21+0.96+0.71=4.44; Ⅳ： 1.62+0.21+1.57+1.31+0.84=5.55.Leg yellowish, preening comb occurs ventroapically on the metatarsus of leg Ⅱ and Ⅲ.Papal coxae 0.29 long, 0.13 wide.Palpal measurements (femur+patella+tibia+tarsus=total)： 0.45+0.15+0.35+0.44=1.39.Abdomen creamy yellow, without markings, haired, 0.82 long, 0.68 wide.Epigynal plate broadly triangular, simple (Plate Ⅰ： 2); internal genitalia with a pair of spermatheca, coil sperm duct, pair triangle-shaped atrium (Plate Ⅱ： 7).Distribution： The species is known only from the type locality.

Leptonetidae; new species; cave; Guizhou

2015-09-09 接受日期：2015-11-21

貴州省社發(fā)攻關(guān)項(xiàng)目; 貴州科學(xué)院人才團(tuán)隊(duì)經(jīng)費(fèi)項(xiàng)目; 貴州科學(xué)院人才引進(jìn)經(jīng)費(fèi)項(xiàng)目

郭軒(1963—), 男, 學(xué)士, 主要從事動物學(xué)研究

*通信作者Corresponding author，E-mail：mei0601@126.com

10.11984/j.issn.1000-7083.20150274

Q959.226

A

1000-7083(2016)03-0395-05