張儀

10月13日，瑞典文學院宣布2016年度的諾貝爾文學獎得主為美國民謠歌手Bob Dylan，而一度被廣大中國文學迷看好的村上春樹則在“千年老二”的板凳上越坐越久。人們也不得不說，諾貝爾文學獎把跨界玩出了境界，不知道明年的格萊美獎會不會為村上春樹補上一個音樂獎。

如果你是歐美音樂的樂迷，相信不會不知道Bob Dylan的大名。他的名字幾乎稱得上是20世紀后半葉美國民謠、搖滾的代名詞，說他是美國樂壇的殿堂級、現象級人物都不為過。作為一名創(chuàng)作歌手，他為世人所銘記不僅僅是因為他的音樂才華，他的文學造詣也達到了大師級水平，所以也被人稱為搖滾詩人。這也是為什么他能得到諾貝爾文學獎垂青的原因。在往期的樂評中，我們曾介紹過他的《答案在風中飄》（Blowing in the Wind）和《敲開天堂之門》（Knockin on Heavens Door），本文來欣賞他的另一首代表作《宛如滾石》（Like a Rolling Stone）。

“Like a Rolling Stone”創(chuàng)作于1965年，歌曲描寫了一個社交名媛從珠光寶氣到流落街頭的人生轉變。歌曲以“Once upon a time you dressed so fine / Threw the bums a dime in your prime”交代了交際花的出場，雖然沒有太多鋪陳，但這兩句話已形象地表現出女主角的傲慢與炫耀。而緊接著一句“Peopled call， say ‘Beware doll， youre bound to fall”開啟了女主角不堪回首的下半生，從出身名校到流浪街頭，從萬千寵愛于一身到煢煢孑立，從春風得意到情場失意，人生起起落落都落實在Bob Dylan為她設計的字里行間里。其實這樣的人生場景和人情冷暖在我們的世界里不過是滄海一粟?！都t樓夢》第一回甄士隱解《好了歌》，通篇說的不也是這樣一盤人生棋局？歌曲雖然描寫的是“別人”的生活，但又何嘗不是Dylan自身低調做人、高調做事的體現？身處榮華而處事恬淡，才免落得個“金滿箱，銀滿箱，轉眼乞丐人皆謗”的凄涼下場。

這首歌的歌詞每小節(jié)幾乎都能押韻，而且韻律行云流水，絲毫不見牽強。比如歌詞最后一節(jié)“You used to be so amused / At Napoleon in rags and the language that he used / Go to him now， he calls you， you cant refuse / When you got nothing， you got nothing to lose / Youre invisible now， youve got no secrets to conceal”。這樣工整自然的韻律在其《物是人非》（Things Have Changed）等歌曲中都有完美體現，也體現了Dylan不一般的文學功底。

雖然對于Dylan擊敗村上春樹獲得諾貝爾獎，人們存有爭議，但說他是樂壇最會寫詩的人，估計舍其難有第二人。在其之后，與其同時代，又同樣具有非凡音樂和文學才華的人，估計只有創(chuàng)作過《寂靜之聲》（The Sound of Silence）和《斯卡布羅集市》（Scarborough Fair）的Paul Simon和Art Garfunkel了。

Like a Rolling Stone

Once upon a time you dressed so fine

Threw the bums1） a dime in your prime2）， didnt you？

Peopled call， say “Beware doll， youre bound3） to fall”

You thought they were all kidding you

You used to laugh about

Everybody that was hanging out

Now you dont talk so loud

Now you dont seem so proud

About having to be scrounging4） your next meal

How does it feel？

How does it feel？

To be without a home

Like a complete unknown

Like a rolling stone

Ah youve gone to the finest schools all right Miss Lonely

But you know you only used to get juiced in it

Nobodys ever taught you how to live out on the street

And now youre gonna have to get used to it

You said youd never compromise

With the mystery tramp5）， but now you realize

Hes not selling any alibis6）

As you stare into the vacuum of his eyes

And say “Do you want to make a deal？”

How does it feel？

How does it feel？

To be on your own

With no direction home

A complete unknown

Like a rolling stone

Ah you never turned around to see the frowns

On the jugglers7） and the clowns when they all did tricks for you

You never understood that it aint no good

You shouldnt let other people get your kicks for you

You used to ride on a chrome horse8） with your diplomat9）

Who carried on his shoulder a Siamese cat

Aint it hard when you discovered that

He really wasnt where its at

After he took from you everything he could steal

How does it feel？

How does it feel？

To be on your own

With no direction home

Like a complete unknown

Like a rolling stone

Ah princess on a steeple10） and all the pretty people

Theyre all drinking， thinking that theyve got it made

Exchanging all precious gifts

But youd better take your diamond ring， youd better pawn11） it， babe

You used to be so amused

At Napoleon in rags and the language that he used

Go to him now， he calls you， you cant refuse

When you got nothing， you got nothing to lose

Youre invisible now， youve got no secrets to conceal

How does it feel？

Ah how does it feel？

To be on your own，

With no direction home

Like a complete unknown

Like a rolling stone

1. bum [b?m] n. 〈美口〉 流浪漢；乞丐

2. prime [pra?m] n. 初期；全盛時期；盛年

3. bound [ba?nd] adj. 必然的，必定的

4. scrounge [skra?nd?] vt.〈口〉四處搜尋，尋找；乞討

5. tramp [tr?mp] n. 流浪者；乞丐

6. alibi [??l?ba?] n.〈美口〉借口，托辭

7. juggler [?d??ɡl?] n. 變戲法的人；玩雜耍的人；魔術師

8. chrome horse：在歌詞中指一種轎車

9. diplomat [?d?pl?m?t] n. 善于社交的人，會與人打交道的人

10. steeple [?sti?p（?）l] n. 塔狀建筑物

11. pawn [p??n] vt. 當，典，典押