劉軍 李秀梅
1.現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補
現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補時,句中的賓語往往就是其邏輯主語,該動詞與賓語之間存在主謂關系,并且現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補強調正在進行的主動動作??山蝇F(xiàn)在分詞作賓補的常見動詞有:感官動詞(see,watch,observe,look,notice,hear,listen,feel),使役動詞(have,get),find,leave,keep,catch等。
I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.我抬頭注意到一條蛇蜿蜒著爬上樹去捕捉它的早餐。
He had the light burning all night,which made his parents very angry.他讓燈亮了整晚,這使他的父母很生氣。
Its wrong to leave the computer working.讓電腦一直開著是不對的。
I am sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.對不起,讓你久等了。
I found a number of people already working there.我發(fā)現(xiàn)很多人已經(jīng)在那兒工作了。
2.過去分詞作賓補
過去分詞作賓補時,句中的賓語往往就是其邏輯主語,該動詞與賓語之間存在動賓關系??山舆^去分詞作賓補的常見動詞有:感官動詞(see,watch,observe,look,notice,hear,listen,feel),使役動詞(have,make,let,get),find,leave,keep等。
When we saw the road blocked with snow,we decided to spend the holiday at home.
當我們看到道路被雪封住后,我們決定在家度過假期。
You should keep me informed of his whereabouts.你應該讓我了解他的行蹤。
The old found his hometown much changed.這位老人發(fā)現(xiàn)他的家鄉(xiāng)變化很大。
He left much work unfinished because he was ill.因為生病,他留下許多工作未做。
3.不定式作賓補
(1)常接帶to的不定式作賓補的動詞(短語):advise,allow,ask,cause,command,encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,invite,leave,order,permit,persuade,prefer,request,warn,wish,call on,depend upon等。
(2)常接不帶to的不定式作賓補的動詞(短語):help,使役動詞(make,have,let),感官動詞。如果這些動詞或短語用于被動語態(tài),則to不可省略。動詞help后的不定式符號to可以省略,也可以保留。
We hurriedly ended the meeting,leaving many problems to be settled.我們匆忙結束了會議,留下很多問題要解決。
4.with+賓語+賓補
(1)with+賓語+doing(表示主動且進行)
(2)with+賓語+done(表示被動且完成)
(3)with+賓語+to do(表示將來)
The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following them.這老兩口常常在晚飯后到公園里散步,他們的寵物狗則在后面跟著。
John received an invitation to dinner,and with his work finished,he gladly accepted it.約翰收到一份邀請函,而且他的工作也干完了,他就欣然接受了邀請。
With a lot of difficult problems to settle,the newly elected president is having a hard time.因為有很多難題要解決,這位新任總統(tǒng)的日子不好過。
易錯警示:
1.使役動詞have,get后接非謂語動詞作補語的異同點:①have sth.done=get sth.done讓別人做某事②have sb./sth.doing 讓……一直做某事;get sb./sth.doing 使……開始做某事③have sb.do sth.=get sb.to do sth.讓某人做某事。注意:have sth.to do表示“有某事要做”(to do作后置定語)。
Alexander tried to get his work recognized in the medical circles.亞歷山大盡力使他的工作被醫(yī)學界認可。
I have a lot of readings to complete before the end of this term.這個學期結束前,我有很多閱讀要完成。
2.使役動詞(make,have,let 等)及感官動詞(see,watch,observe,hear,notice 等)后作賓補的不定式不帶to。
例1 Back from his two-year medical service in Africa,Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother good care of at home.
A.taking B.taken C.take D.be taken
解析 本題考查非謂語動詞。句意:李博士在非洲進行了兩年的醫(yī)療服務,回來后,他很高興地看到他的母親在家里被照顧得很好。分析句子結構可知,此處是“see+賓語+賓語補足語”結構,賓語補足語可以是 do,doing或者done。 若賓語與補語之間是主動關系,且強調動作發(fā)生的全過程,用省略to的動詞不定式,即do; 若賓語與補語之間是主動關系,且強調動作正在進行,用doing; 若賓語與補語之間是被動關系,用過去分詞作賓補。此處his mother與take good care of之間是被動關系,故選B項。
例2 Listening to music at home is one thing,going to hear it live is quite another.
A.perform B.performing C.to perform D.being performed
解析 本題考查非謂語動詞。句意:在家聽音樂是一回事,去現(xiàn)場聽完全是另一回事。題干中含有“hear+賓語+賓語補足語”結構,賓語it(指代music)與perform之間存在被動關系,且此處表示“去現(xiàn)場聽正在被演奏的音樂”,故應用being performed作賓語補足語。故選D項。
例3 Have you seen the boys Little Apple?Thats such a beautiful scene that I dare not have my eyes on it.
A.dancing;fixing B.dance;fixing C.dance;fixed D.to dance;fixed
解析 本題考查非謂語動詞。句意:你看見男孩們跳《小蘋果》了嗎?那是如此“美”的場景,我都不敢看。see sb.do sth.看見某人做某事;have ones eyes fixed on sth.某人的眼凝視在……上。根據(jù)句意選C。