趙乾龍，羅波艷，潘麗，魏倩，張瑞萍，黨瑜慧，李芝蘭

蘭州大學(xué)公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)院，蘭州 730000

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丙烯腈誘導(dǎo)的氧化應(yīng)激對大鼠睪丸NF-κB信號通路的影響

趙乾龍，羅波艷，潘麗，魏倩，張瑞萍，黨瑜慧，李芝蘭*

蘭州大學(xué)公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)院，蘭州 730000

為探索丙烯腈(acrylonitrile, ACN)誘導(dǎo)的氧化應(yīng)激對大鼠睪丸NF-κB信號通路的影響，將50只SPF級健康SD雄性大鼠按體重隨機(jī)分為12.5、25、50 mg·kg-1ACN染毒組，50 mg·kg-1ACN+300 mg·kg-1N-乙酰半胱氨酸(N-acetylcysteine, NAC)干預(yù)組(NAC干預(yù)組)，對照組(給予等體積玉米油)，每組10只，灌胃，1次/天，6天/周，共90 d?？梢姽夥止夤舛确z測睪丸組織中超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)、谷胱甘肽過氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase, GSH-Px)、還原型谷胱甘肽/氧化型谷胱甘肽比值(glutathione/oxidized glutathione, GSH/GSSG)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA)。免疫熒光染色法檢測睪丸核因子-κB(nuclear factor κB, NF-κB)激活及核轉(zhuǎn)移。Western Blot檢測睪丸p65、IκB蛋白表達(dá)。結(jié)果顯示，低、高劑量染毒組大鼠睪丸GSH/GSSG比值、GSH-Px酶活性與對照組比較降低(P<0.05)。中、高劑量染毒組大鼠睪丸MDA含量與對照組比較升高(P<0.05)。NAC干預(yù)組大鼠睪丸MDA含量與高ACN組比較降低(P<0.05)；NAC干預(yù)組大鼠睪丸GSH/GSSG比值與高ACN組比較升高(P<0.05)；免疫熒光結(jié)果顯示，高ACN組大鼠睪丸NF-κB被激活，并轉(zhuǎn)移入細(xì)胞核。NAC干預(yù)組與高ACN組比較p65蛋白表達(dá)及核轉(zhuǎn)移顯著減少。Western Blot結(jié)果顯示，高劑量染毒組大鼠睪丸p65蛋白表達(dá)與對照組比較升高(P<0.05)，IκB蛋白表達(dá)與對照組比較降低(P<0.05)；NAC干預(yù)組大鼠睪丸p65蛋白表達(dá)與高ACN組比較降低，IκB蛋白表達(dá)與高ACN組比較升高，差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)果表明丙烯腈引起的氧化應(yīng)激激活了大鼠睪丸生殖細(xì)胞NF-κB信號通路。

丙烯腈；大鼠；睪丸；氧化應(yīng)激；NF-κB；p65；IκB

Received 22 December 2015 accepted 4 June 2016

丙烯腈(acrylonitrile, ACN)，又稱乙烯基氰，無色易燃易揮發(fā)，具有特殊的杏仁氣味，微溶于水，是一種廣泛用于合成人造纖維、人造橡膠、塑料制造的化學(xué)單體[1]。

研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，長期接觸ACN的男工精子數(shù)量和精子密度顯著降低，精子性染色體畸變率升高，染色體二倍體百分率增高，精子DNA損傷嚴(yán)重[2]。耿江[3]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，ACN接觸組男工精子總密度、運(yùn)動精子密度、前向運(yùn)動精子密度、精子運(yùn)動速度、直線性及擺動降低。長期接觸ACN還可引起男工血清睪酮水平顯著下降[4]。

核轉(zhuǎn)錄因子κB(nuclear factor κB，NF-κB)是細(xì)胞核內(nèi)重要的轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)節(jié)因子，不僅參與機(jī)體免疫、炎癥、組織損傷修復(fù)和胚胎發(fā)育等過程還可以調(diào)節(jié)凋亡相關(guān)基因的表達(dá)[5]。NF-κB在自由基生物學(xué)領(lǐng)域研究中受到相當(dāng)大的關(guān)注，ROS可以激活NF-κB，激活程度也可以被抗氧化劑所調(diào)節(jié)[6]。NF-κB通常與其抑制劑IκB結(jié)合不發(fā)生作用，ROS過量產(chǎn)生時會激活I(lǐng)κB激酶復(fù)合物IKK，進(jìn)而降解IκB蛋白[7]，然后NF-κB被游離出來而激活，激活后的NF-κB再轉(zhuǎn)移入細(xì)胞核發(fā)揮其生物活性作用[8]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，由ROS激活的NF-κB信號通路能被N-乙酰半胱氨酸(N-acetylcysteine, NAC)特異性地抑制[9]。

本研究通過ACN對大鼠亞慢性染毒，觀察大鼠睪丸組織氧化還原酶活性及p65、IκB蛋白表達(dá)水平變化，探討氧化應(yīng)激對NF-κB信號通路的影響。

1 材料與方法(Materials and methods)

1.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)動物及分組

SPF級健康成年SD雄性大鼠50只，體重(250～300) g，購買于甘肅中醫(yī)學(xué)院SPF級實(shí)驗(yàn)動物中心(實(shí)驗(yàn)動物質(zhì)量合格證編號SCXK(甘)2011-0001)。實(shí)驗(yàn)動物隨機(jī)分為5組，每組10只，飼養(yǎng)于甘肅中醫(yī)學(xué)院SPF級實(shí)驗(yàn)動物中心(實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)施合格證編號SYXK(甘)2011-0001)，自由進(jìn)食及飲水，適應(yīng)性飼養(yǎng)1周后，以12.5、25、50 mg·kg-1ACN[10]、50 mg·kg-1ACN+300 mg·kg-1NAC(NAC干預(yù)組)灌胃，NAC干預(yù)組NAC灌胃30 min后再灌ACN[7]，對照組大鼠給予玉米油，1次/天，6天/周，共90 d。

1.2 藥物及試劑

ACN購買于天津四通化工廠(純度>99%)，NAC(美國Amresco公司)，ECL超敏發(fā)光液(美國Thermo公司)，p65兔抗大鼠一抗(美國CST公司)，IκB兔抗大鼠一抗(美國CST公司)，β-actin一抗(武漢伊萊瑞特生物有限公司)，HRP標(biāo)記山羊抗兔二抗(美國CST公司)。超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽過氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)測試盒均購買于南京建成生物工程研究所、BCA蛋白、NF-κB核轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)試劑盒均購買于碧云天生物技術(shù)有限公司。

1.3 氧化還原相關(guān)酶的測定

每組隨機(jī)取6只動物處死后摘取右側(cè)睪丸，置于平皿中用4 ℃生理鹽水漂洗去除血液，濾紙擦干，稱重后分裝成4份。睪丸勻漿的制備：(1)取1份睪丸組織按重量(g):勻漿介質(zhì)(mL)=1:9的體積比加入0.86%預(yù)冷的生理鹽水，在冰水浴下制成10%勻漿，2 500 r·min-1離心10 min，取上清，用于SOD、MDA、GSH-Px、BCA檢測；(2)取1份睪丸組織按1:4的體積比加入GSH試劑盒自帶的勻漿介質(zhì)，在冰水浴下制成20%勻漿，3 500 r·min-1離心10 min，取上清，用于GSH檢測，檢測方法均嚴(yán)格按試劑盒說明書進(jìn)行。另外2份睪丸組織用液氮冷凍后，轉(zhuǎn)移至-80 ℃冰箱保存。

1.4 NF-κB激活-核轉(zhuǎn)錄免疫熒光檢測

大鼠處死后，①取左側(cè)睪丸，在4%多聚甲醛中固定48 h。②梯度乙醇脫水后用二甲苯透明，然后放入熔融的石蠟中浸透，每次30 min，共3次，然后包埋。③包埋好的石蠟塊即進(jìn)行切片，切片的厚度為5 μm。將制備的石蠟組織切片按照常規(guī)的方法進(jìn)行脫蠟、水化、水合，然后嚴(yán)格按NF-κB激活-核轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)檢測試劑盒說明書進(jìn)行操作。

1.5 p65、IκB蛋白Western Blot測定

從-80 ℃冰箱中取出睪丸組織，按照每20 mg組織加入200 μL RIPA(每1 mL RIPA加入10 μL PMSF)裂解液的比例加入裂解液，冰浴中用玻璃勻漿器勻漿，直至組織充分裂解。裂解后的樣品在12 000 g·min-1，4 ℃下，離心15 min，取上清，分裝30 μL上清用于BCA法測總蛋白，剩余上清按100 μL分裝到EP管中，加入稀釋液RIPA和5×上樣緩沖液后在沸水中變性5 min，然后按每條泳道蛋白含量40 μg蛋白進(jìn)行SDS-PAGE電泳，然后根據(jù)彩虹marker標(biāo)識的目標(biāo)蛋白的位置將目標(biāo)條帶轉(zhuǎn)移到PVDF膜上，用5%脫脂奶粉的TBST室溫封閉1～2 h，然后加入p65一抗(1:1 000)、IκB一抗(1:1 000)，4 ℃孵育過夜，然后用辣根過氧化酶標(biāo)記的二抗(1:2 000)室溫下孵育2 h，選用β-actin為內(nèi)參蛋白。加適量ECL超敏發(fā)光液然后用凝膠成像儀曝光，保存蛋白條帶，然后用Quantity One 4.6.2對蛋白條帶灰度值進(jìn)行分析。

1.6 統(tǒng)計(jì)分析

2 結(jié)果(Results)

2.1 丙烯腈染毒對大鼠睪丸抗氧化能力及脂質(zhì)過氧化的影響

單因素方差分析結(jié)果示，低、高劑量染毒組大鼠睪丸GSH/GSSG比值、GSH-Px酶活性與對照組比較降低，差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。中、高劑量染毒組大鼠睪丸MDA含量與對照組比較升高，差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。具體結(jié)果見表1。

2.2 NAC對ACN引起睪丸氧化損傷的干預(yù)作用

單因素方差分析結(jié)果示，NAC預(yù)處理后，NAC干預(yù)組大鼠睪丸MDA含量與高ACN組比較降低，差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)；NAC干預(yù)組大鼠睪丸GSH/GSSG比值與高ACN組比較升高，差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)；NAC干預(yù)組大鼠睪丸GSH-Px活性與高ACN組比較升高，但差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見表2。

表1 丙烯腈(ACN)對大鼠睪丸脂質(zhì)過氧化的影響±s，n=6)

注：*與對照組比較，P<0.05。

Note:*Compared with control, P<0.05.

表2 N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)對ACN染毒引起大鼠睪丸氧化損傷的干預(yù)作用±s，n=6)

注：*與對照組比較，P<0.05；#與ACN組比較，P<0.05。

Note:*Compared with control, P<0.05;#Compared with ACN, P<0.05.

2.3 氧化應(yīng)激對NF-κB信號通路的影響

免疫熒光結(jié)果顯示，高ACN組大鼠睪丸NF-κB被激活，并轉(zhuǎn)移入細(xì)胞核。用NAC提前處理后p65蛋白表達(dá)及核轉(zhuǎn)移顯著減少。結(jié)果見圖1。

Western Blot結(jié)果示，高劑量染毒組大鼠睪丸p65蛋白表達(dá)與對照組比較升高，差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)，NAC干預(yù)組大鼠睪丸p65蛋白表達(dá)與高ACN組比較降低，差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。高劑量染毒組大鼠睪丸IκB蛋白表達(dá)與對照組比較降低，差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)，NAC干預(yù)組大鼠睪丸IκB蛋白表達(dá)與高ACN組比較升高，差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)果見圖2。

圖1 ACN染毒后NF-κB激活及核轉(zhuǎn)移的免疫熒光分析注：左邊的圖表示Cy3標(biāo)記的p65，中間的圖為細(xì)胞核DAPI染色，右邊的圖是合成圖，白色箭頭表示NF-κB激活并轉(zhuǎn)移入核。倍數(shù)為400×。Fig. 1 Immunofluorescence analysis on activation of NF-κB induced by ACNNote: The left graph was p65 labeled with Cy3, the middle graph was nucleus stained with DAPI, and the right graph was merged by the left and middle graphs. The arrows were used to point out the activation and translocation of NF-κB into nucleus. Magnification=400×.

圖2 ACN染毒后NF-κB激活的免疫印跡分析注：A，Western Blot p65、IκB-α蛋白條帶。B～C，Western Blot p65、IκB-α蛋白條帶半定量分析。ACN組為50 mg·kg-1 ACN處理組，ACN+NAC組為50 mg·kg-1 ACN+300 mg·kg-1 NAC共同處理組。*與對照組比較，P<0.05；#與ACN組比較，P<0.05。Fig. 2 Western Blot analysis on activation of NF-κB induced by ACNNote: A, Western Blot bands of p65 and IκB-α proteins; B, semi-quantitative analysis on Western Blot of p65 and IκB-α proteins. ACN stands for 50 mg·kg-1 ACN treatment group; ACN+NAC stands for 50 mg·kg-1 ACN+300 mg·kg-1 NAC treatment group.*Compared with control, P<0.05; # Compared with ACN, P<0.05.

3 討論(Discussion)

NF-κB是細(xì)胞核內(nèi)重要的轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)節(jié)因子，通常與抑制因子IκB相結(jié)合，以非活性形式存在于細(xì)胞質(zhì)中，當(dāng)細(xì)胞受到上游刺激因子，如ROS、腫瘤壞死因子-α(TNF-α)、白細(xì)胞介素-1(IL-1)、細(xì)菌脂多糖(LPS)等的作用時而激活[19-21]。本研究免疫熒光檢測結(jié)果示，高劑量染毒組大鼠睪丸NF-κB被激活，并轉(zhuǎn)移入核；Western Blot結(jié)果示，高劑量染毒組大鼠睪丸p65蛋白表達(dá)升高、IκB蛋白表達(dá)降低。這是因?yàn)锳CN染毒機(jī)體產(chǎn)生大量的ROS，過多的ROS能夠刺激IKK蛋白表達(dá)升高[6]。IKK激活后，IκB蛋白在激酶復(fù)合物IKK的作用下氨基端絲氨酸殘基的第32和第36位點(diǎn)被磷酸化，進(jìn)而被泛素連接酶復(fù)合物E3RSIκB-TrCP識別并泛素化，然后被26S蛋白酶體識別并迅速降解[22]。IκB蛋白降解后P65蛋白被游離出來而激活，激活后轉(zhuǎn)移入細(xì)胞核，與目的基因結(jié)合并促進(jìn)其轉(zhuǎn)錄[8,23]。此外，本研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)加入NAC后ACN染毒組大鼠睪丸NF-κB信號通路激活顯著受到抑制，這與李燕等[9]報道的結(jié)果一致，可能是因?yàn)镹AC通過清除過量產(chǎn)生的ROS抑制了氧化應(yīng)激發(fā)生，從而拮抗了NF-κB的活化和其在核內(nèi)的表達(dá)。提示ACN引起的氧化應(yīng)激激活了大鼠睪丸生殖細(xì)胞NF-κB信號通路。

致謝：本課題研究由中央高?；究蒲袠I(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)專項(xiàng)資金項(xiàng)目(lzujbky-2014-221)支持。

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Effects of Oxidative Stress Induced via Acrylonitrile on NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Rats Testis

Zhao Qianlong, Luo Boyan, Pan Li, Wei Qian, Zhang Ruiping, Dang Yuhui, Li Zhilan*

School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China

In order to study the effects of acrylonitrile (ACN)-induced oxidative stress via NF-κB signaling pathway in rat testis, fifty Sprague-Dawley male rats in SPF degree were randomly divided into 5 groups according to the body weight, and were treated with 0, 12.5, 25, 50 mg·kg-1ACN or 50 mg·kg-1ACN + 300 mg·kg-1N-acetylcysteine (NAC) (NAC intervention group) respectively, via gavage, 6 days per week for 90 days. The activity of testicular superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione (GSH) and contents of maleic dialdehyde (MDA) were determined by visible spectrophotometry. The activation and nuclear translocation of testicular nuclear factor κB (p65) was detected by immunofluorescence. The testicular protein level of p65 and IκB were detected by Western Blot. The results showed that in comparison with control grpup, the ratio of GSH/GSSG and the activity of GSH-Px were significant decreased in low and high concentration of ACN group. The contents of MDA were significant increased in medium and high concentration of ACN groups. In NAC intervention group, the contents of MDA were significant decreased, while the ratio of GSH/GSSG was significantly increased as compared with high concentration of ACN group. Results of immunofluorescence showed that NF-κB pathway was activated, and p65 was transferred into the nucleus in high concentration of ACN group. In contrast, the activation of NF-κB was inhibited by NAC. Results of Western Blot showed that the expression of p65 protein was significantly increased and the expression of IκB protein was significantly decreased in high concentration of ACN group, while these changes were effectively abolished by NAC. Our study indicated that ACN-induced oxidative stress was able to activate NF-κB signaling pathway in rats testis.

acrylonitrile; rats; testis; oxidative stress; NF-κB; p65; IκB

中央高校基本科研業(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)專項(xiàng)資金項(xiàng)目(lzujbky-2014-221)

趙乾龍(1989-)，男，碩士研究生，研究方向?yàn)閶D女勞動衛(wèi)生與生殖健康，E-mail: zhaoql13@lzu.edu.cn；

*通訊作者(Corresponding author)， E-mail: lizhl@lzu.edu.cn

10.7524/AJE.1673-5897.20151222001

2015-12-22 錄用日期：2016-06-04

1673-5897(2016)4-155-06

X171.5

A

簡介：李芝蘭(1962-)，女，碩士研究生導(dǎo)師，教授，蘭州大學(xué)公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)院兒少衛(wèi)生與婦幼保健學(xué)研究所所長，研究方向?yàn)閶D女勞動衛(wèi)生與生殖健康。

趙乾龍, 羅波艷, 潘麗, 等. 丙烯腈誘導(dǎo)的氧化應(yīng)激對大鼠睪丸NF-κB信號通路的影響[J]. 生態(tài)毒理學(xué)報，2016, 11(4): 155-160

Zhao Q L, Luo B Y, Pan L, et al. Effects of oxidative stress induced via acrylonitrile on NF-κB signaling pathway in rats testis [J]. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology, 2016, 11(4): 155-160 (in Chinese)