締造世界級(jí)產(chǎn)業(yè)集群

重慶是全國(guó)最大汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)基地。 攝影：劉汪洋

重慶作為中國(guó)重要的國(guó)防科研基地，經(jīng)過60年來的發(fā)展壯大，已經(jīng)具備強(qiáng)大的從生產(chǎn)制造和加工綜合配套能力。直轄以來，重慶工業(yè)以科學(xué)發(fā)展觀為指導(dǎo)，堅(jiān)持走新型工業(yè)化道路，全力推進(jìn)“大投資、大支柱、大基地、大企業(yè)、大項(xiàng)目”發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，傾力打造國(guó)家重要的現(xiàn)代制造業(yè)基地，工業(yè)和信息化得到長(zhǎng)足發(fā)展。

如今，重慶已經(jīng)構(gòu)筑起“6+1”產(chǎn)業(yè)集群。“6”是指電子信息、汽車、裝備、化工、材料、能源六大產(chǎn)業(yè)，“1”是指勞動(dòng)密集型的消費(fèi)品產(chǎn)業(yè)。其中，電子信息產(chǎn)業(yè)和汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)已成為重慶兩大主動(dòng)力。

近年來，隨著惠普、廣達(dá)、英業(yè)達(dá)等國(guó)際IT巨頭紛紛落戶，重慶已有了由品牌商、代工企業(yè)、零部件企業(yè)組成的“5+6+800”全球最大電腦產(chǎn)業(yè)集群。數(shù)據(jù)顯示，過去5年，重慶電子產(chǎn)業(yè)全行業(yè)產(chǎn)值從500億元增加到了5700億元，增長(zhǎng)了11倍。目前，全球每三臺(tái)筆記本電腦就有一臺(tái)重慶造，重慶已擁有全球最大電腦產(chǎn)業(yè)集群。

同時(shí)，重慶也是全國(guó)最大的汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)基地。目前，重慶擁有長(zhǎng)安汽車及國(guó)內(nèi)外多家重要的汽車品牌，全國(guó)每9輛汽車中就有1輛重慶造。由于汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)的集群發(fā)展，重慶規(guī)模以上汽車零部件企業(yè)近千家，具有70%以上的汽車零部件實(shí)現(xiàn)了本地配套。

2015年，汽車和電子信息兩大產(chǎn)業(yè)對(duì)重慶工業(yè)增長(zhǎng)貢獻(xiàn)率達(dá)到了45%。

與此同時(shí)，電子核心部件、物聯(lián)網(wǎng)、機(jī)器人及智能裝備、新材料、高端交通裝備、新能源汽車及智能汽車、MDI及化工新材料、頁(yè)巖氣、生物醫(yī)藥、環(huán)保等十大戰(zhàn)略新興產(chǎn)業(yè)，也已成為重慶供給側(cè)改革主戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)，十大新興產(chǎn)業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展。從2014年提出至今，十大戰(zhàn)略新興產(chǎn)業(yè)已呈現(xiàn)加速搶跑格局：2014年實(shí)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)值600億元，去年達(dá)到1664億元，今年的目標(biāo)是2800億元。

Jiangbeizui Financial business district. Photograph: Liu Wangyang

As a crucial scientific research base for national defense, Chongqing, after 60 years of advancement, is now fully capable of integrating manufacturing with processing comprehensively. Ever since the day of June 18, 1997, Chongqing, under the guidance of the scientific outlook on development, has been focusing on the course of new-type industrialization and the development strategy of promoting “l(fā)arge investments, large pillar industries, large bases, large enterprises and large projects”so as to build itself as a major modern manufacturing base of China. Up till now, it has advanced by leaps and bounds in terms of industrialization and informatization.

Nowadays, Chongqing has successfully created a “6 plus 1” industrial clusters, where “6” refers to industries of electronic information, automobile, equipment, chemical industry, material and energy while “1” stands for laborintensive consumer goods industry, among which the electronic information industry and automobile industry have been developed as two major driving forces for Chongqing.

In recent years, after many international IT giants entered Chongqing, including HP, Inventec and Quanta, we have formed the largest global computer industry cluster of “5 plus 6 plus 800” mode which represents brand merchants, foundries and components & parts enterprises respectively. Statistic data shows that the total output value of Chongqing’s electronic industry has increased to RMB 570 billion from RMB 50 billion five years ago, a growth of 11 times. Currently, among every three laptops globe wide, there is one made in Chongqing.

At the same time, Chongqing serves as the largest automobile industry base in China since plenty of major automobile brands from home and broad (Changan automobile for instance) have built their manufacturing bases here and in China, there is at least 1 car out of 9 made in Chongqing. Owing to the development of the automobile industry cluster, Chongqing now owns almost 1,000 automobile parts enterprises with considerable scale which are able to provide local cars with over 70% of the components and parts needed.

In 2015, the automobile and electronic information industries accounted for 45% in the growth rate among Chongqing industry as a whole.

What’s more, other 10 strategic emerging industries have also been thriving as the main forces for Chongqing’s supplyfront reform, including electronic core components, internet of things, robot and intelligent equipment, new materials, high-end transport equipment, green cars and intelligent automobile, MDI and new chemical materials, shale gas, biological medicines and environment protection. proposed in 2014, these strategic 10 emerging industries have been advancing by leaps and bounds with an output value of RMB 60 billion in 2014, RMB 166.4 billion in 2015 and RMB 280 billion to expect for 2016.

Creating World-class Industrial Clusters