吳玉庭 張紅光 陳夏 張業(yè)強(qiáng) 楊凱

摘 要：該報(bào)告對(duì)蒸發(fā)器和冷凝器內(nèi)部能量傳遞機(jī)理進(jìn)行研究，探索了蓄熱過(guò)程傳熱傳質(zhì)的強(qiáng)化機(jī)理與方法，建立內(nèi)燃機(jī)廢熱有機(jī)朗肯循環(huán)單螺桿膨脹機(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)。在前幾年工作的基礎(chǔ)上，2013年度該研究的主要進(jìn)展如下：（1）研究組建立了煙氣-有機(jī)工質(zhì)蒸發(fā)器和空冷冷凝器傳熱的數(shù)學(xué)模型，編制了蒸發(fā)器和冷凝器的設(shè)計(jì)分析程序，進(jìn)行了247 kW柴油機(jī)廢氣余熱有機(jī)朗肯循環(huán)煙氣蒸發(fā)器和空冷冷凝器的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算，計(jì)算獲得了管翅式蒸發(fā)器總換熱量、各區(qū)換熱量及其進(jìn)出口參數(shù)隨內(nèi)燃機(jī)工況的變化規(guī)律。研制了螺旋盤(pán)管強(qiáng)化傳熱鈦管和波紋管煙氣蒸發(fā)器和彎曲型平行流冷凝器。（2）提出了一種螺旋管熔鹽蓄熱換熱器的創(chuàng)新方案，建立了蓄熱換熱器的數(shù)學(xué)模型，并進(jìn)行了螺旋管蓄熱換熱器和套管式蓄熱換熱器的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算。搭建了套管式蓄熱換熱單元性能測(cè)試實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)，進(jìn)行了套管蓄熱換熱器的蓄熱、放熱和傳熱試驗(yàn)。（3）分析去年試驗(yàn)存在的問(wèn)題，更換了適合該系統(tǒng)余熱負(fù)荷的Φ155 mm螺桿的單螺桿膨脹機(jī)，研制了螺旋盤(pán)管鈦管煙氣蒸發(fā)器和彎曲型平行流冷凝器，重新選擇了多級(jí)離心泵，優(yōu)化了有機(jī)朗肯循環(huán)流程，建立了247 kW柴油機(jī)廢氣余熱有機(jī)朗肯循環(huán)試驗(yàn)臺(tái)，進(jìn)行柴油機(jī)變工況廢氣余熱有機(jī)朗肯循環(huán)試驗(yàn)，獲得了不同發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)工況下有機(jī)朗肯循環(huán)系統(tǒng)性能參數(shù)（輸出功率、膨脹機(jī)效率、有機(jī)朗肯循環(huán)效率、換熱量等）隨發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)工況變化的性能規(guī)律。（4）該課題組選取了8種滑移溫度不同的非共沸混合工質(zhì)，研究了內(nèi)燃機(jī)變工況下，非共沸混合工質(zhì)對(duì)有機(jī)朗肯循環(huán)余熱回收系統(tǒng)性能的影響，對(duì)比分析了4種純工質(zhì)、4種共沸混合工質(zhì)和4種非共沸混合工質(zhì)對(duì)變工況下車(chē)用柴油機(jī)有機(jī)朗肯循環(huán)余熱回收系統(tǒng)性能的影響。（5）提出比轉(zhuǎn)數(shù)作為有機(jī)朗肯循環(huán)工質(zhì)泵的選型指標(biāo)，給出了蒸發(fā)溫度為100 ℃，冷凝溫度為45 ℃時(shí)不同工質(zhì)所需泵的比轉(zhuǎn)數(shù)隨功率的變化關(guān)系，并給出了不同比轉(zhuǎn)數(shù)適用泵的建議。進(jìn)行了旋噴泵的性能試驗(yàn)，獲得了不同頻率下泵的揚(yáng)程和效率隨流量的變化規(guī)律。

關(guān)鍵詞：內(nèi)燃機(jī) 余熱 有機(jī)朗肯循環(huán) 單螺桿膨脹機(jī)

Abstract：Main progresses of the project in 2013 are as follows： （1） Mathematical models on heat transfer of flue gas - organic working fluid evaporator and air cooling condenser were established. Design analysis program of evaporator and condenser were developed. Design for organic Rankine cycle （ORC） of 247 kW diesel waste heat of flue gas evaporator and air condenser was made. By analyzing the heat transfer characteristics of an ORC evaporator applied on an R425 diesel engine， the mechanism of the total and zone heat transfer rates， inlet and outlet parameters with engine speed and load were obtained. Spiral titanium coil tube evaporator， bellows evaporator and curved parallel flow condenser were developed. （2） An innovative concept for spiral coil heat exchanger with molten salt thermal storage was proposed. Mathematical models of heat exchanger with thermal storage were established， and calculation for spiral coil and sleeve heat exchanger with storage was performed. Experiments on heat storage， discharge and heat transfer of sleeve heat transfer unit were made. （3） By replacing with a single screw expander of Φ155 mm， multi-stage centrifugal pump， spiral titanium coil tube evaporator and curved parallel flow condenser， an modified ORC waste heat recovery system from exhaust gas of 247 kW diesel was made. The performances with engine power were tested. （4） The first law and second law of thermodynamics are utilized to investigate the variation of net power output， thermal efficiency， exergy efficiency and mass flow rates of 8 kinds of zeotropic mixtures under various operating conditions of a diesel engine. The waste heat recovery efficiency （WHRE）and power output increasing rate （POIR） are also presented and studied. （5） Specific revolution was proposed as the selection indicator of organic Rankine cycle working fluid pump. The relation between specific revolution and power for different working fluid pump was given under the evaporation temperature of 100 ℃ and the condensing temperature of 45 ℃.Suitable pumps for different specific revolutions were recommended. A rotary jet pump performance test was conducted， and the variations of head and efficiency with frequencies were obtained.

Key Words：Internal combustion engine；Waste heat；Organic rankine cycle；Single screw expander

閱讀全文鏈接（需實(shí)名注冊(cè)）：http：//www.nstrs.cn/xiangxiBG.aspx？id=50618&flag=1。