彭寶英

（吉林省吉林市北華大學(xué)東校區(qū)，吉林吉林132013）

A study of the symbols in Lord of the Flies

彭寶英

（吉林省吉林市北華大學(xué)東校區(qū)，吉林吉林132013）

In Lord of the Flies,William Golding exposed human nature is evil and violence by using a large number of symbols vividly.Especially,the transformation of fire just reflects the evolution of human nature from rational to non rational.

Lord of the Flies presenting a group of youths without adult supervision established a seemingly civilized regime，but finally the regime was replaced by brutality and savagery.There are many symbols in the novel，such as the inhabited island symbolizes absolute freedom，the conch shell symbolizes the democracy，the mask or painted face symbolizes the darkness in human nature and so on.But what impress me a lot are three different symbols of fire.

一、Fire for hope

At the beginning，that group of British children arrived on the original island after the crash，the democratically elected leader Ralph proposed make a fire at the top of the hill.At that time the fire was the results of unity and cooperation in the small group of children，was the hope to every child，was the link between the children and civilized society.Through the fire，the children could send a signal to the outside world for help and return to the civilized society.As a result，it was a reflection of the children’s attachment to the civilized society and the desire to return to civilization.Fire became a symbol of civilization and hope，and it was an important symbol of the existence of civilization on the island.It was a bridge from the society of a desert island to a civilized society.It was the fire of civilization，to dispel the darkness，to bring the children hope.

二、Fire for destruction

When children first lit bonfires，they just wanted to set a fire as a signal on the top of the mountain，however，fire quickly spread with the wind，the island soon became a sea of terrible fire.Then，after the Jack gang hunted a wild pore，they set a bonfire and sang and danced around it；they are totally blinded by the slaughter so they killed Simon in the light of blood red fire.At the end of the novel，Jack set fire in order to kill Ralph；the island on fire will fling caution to the winds.The whole Island suddenly became a sea of fire.Where the big fire burned，leaving only the burning desolate tree trunk.The devastating fire at this time exposed the evil in human nature incisively and vividly.The civilization established by the children at the beginning is subsequently reduced to ashes.Ralph could not help crying for the disappearance of morality and the darkness in human nature.

三、Fire for power

The first thought of the children was to establish order after they came to the island.To establish order，it was necessary to establish authority.At the same time，the fire soon became one of the symbols of authority.Therefore，around the use and importance of fire，Ralph and Jack hold different opinions and then developed into a fierce conflict.On the surface，arguments and conflicts were caused by the fire，but in essence，it is the fight for power struggle.Anyone who gained the ownership of fire would become the leader.So，the Jack gang grabbed Piggy’s glasses for his gang to set fire at a dark night. What he robbed from Ralph and Piggy was not a pair of glasses，but the dominion in the island.

In Lord of the Flies，the big fire at the end represents the power of violence and evil gradually swallowed up the organized system and became the rule on the whole island；civilization failed in the contest between civilization and savage.The transformation of three symbols of fire fully reflected the gradual process of the exposure of evil human nature.

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（2）人辰轍：人辰轍即韻母為“en、un、in、ün”的韻轍，發(fā)音方法與言前轍類似。如《彩云賦》中的云彩“云”及春雨的“春”，雖說(shuō)都是以“un”結(jié)尾，但真正發(fā)的是韻母仍舊是“e”。

5.發(fā)花轍、江陽(yáng)轍與中東轍

（1）發(fā)花轍：發(fā)花轍以韻母“a”結(jié)尾，包含“ia、ua”。如《彩云賦》中的“花、啊”，演唱時(shí)，首先明確出聲的部位——上口蓋，準(zhǔn)確出聲后直接落在韻母“a”上引腹，一般無(wú)字尾，如在句尾需截氣收聲。

（2）江陽(yáng)轍：江陽(yáng)轍以韻母“ang”結(jié)尾。演唱時(shí)注意加強(qiáng)鼻腔共鳴，讓聲音穿鼻而出，發(fā)出明顯的“ng”音后氣上收聲，如《彩云賦》中的“江”字，先用舌前吐出聲母“j”后，過(guò)渡到韻母1“i”，然后快速進(jìn)入韻母2“ang”歸韻。“蕩”先用舌尖吐出聲母“d”后，快速進(jìn)入韻母“ang”歸韻。

（3）中東轍：中東轍以“ong、eng、ing”結(jié)尾，與江陽(yáng)轍同屬“穿鼻”韻母，但它鼻音更重。如《彩云賦》中的“程、生”是翹舌發(fā)出“ch、sh”后，快速進(jìn)入韻母“eng”歸韻，而“澎”則是雙唇爆破發(fā)出“p”后進(jìn)入“eng”收聲。

此外，歌曲《彩云賦》還包含有遙條轍的“描、了”等，在演唱時(shí)，需在吐出聲母后，自然過(guò)渡到韻母1“i”，迅速進(jìn)入韻母2、3“a、o”，歸韻時(shí)將“a”慢慢收口為“o”，盡量不讓“o”成為一個(gè)單獨(dú)的音節(jié)。此法收音有漸弱趨勢(shì)，音較柔和、不生硬。

《彩云賦》是一首典型的二段體，在歌者熟練完成了吐字歸韻后，還需根據(jù)曲式結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)安排作品的情感脈絡(luò)，A段以贊美口吻抒發(fā)情感，B段則要以歌頌口吻感嘆出內(nèi)心情感。聲樂(lè)藝術(shù)是一門情感藝術(shù)，以“字”歌“情”，用語(yǔ)言表達(dá)歌曲的思想內(nèi)涵，清晰準(zhǔn)確的吐字歸韻使歌聲更具生命力、感染力。因此，在演唱中國(guó)民族聲樂(lè)作品時(shí)，要盡力做到“以字行腔”、“字正腔圓”。

I561.074

A

1005-5312（2016）29-0084-01

梧州學(xué)院科研項(xiàng)目2014D003《中國(guó)民族聲樂(lè)演唱之吐字歸韻研究——以王志信聲樂(lè)作品為例》階段性成果。