Influence of carbon material and sputtering angle on stripper foil lifetime

Sugai, I; Oyaizu, M; Takeda, Y; et al.

Laser ion-source for heavy-ion accelerators

Sharkov, BY; Shumshurov, AV; Dubenkow, VP; et al.

Experimental investigation of electron cooling and stacking of lead ions in a low energy accumulation ring

Bosser, J; Carli, C; Chanel, T; et al.

Verification of Monte Carlo transport codes FLUKA, GEANT4 and SHIELD for radiation protection purposes at relativistic heavy ion accelerators

Beskrovnaia, L; Florko, B; Paraipan, M; et al.

蘭州重離子加速器研究裝置HIRFL

夏佳文，詹文龍，魏寶文，原有進(jìn)，趙紅衛(wèi)，楊建成，石健，盛麗娜，楊維青，冒立軍

蘭州重離子冷卻儲(chǔ)存環(huán)工程

夏佳文，詹文龍，魏寶文，等

重離子加速器

·編者按·

重離子加速器（Heavy Ion Accelerator）是指用來(lái)加速比α粒子重的離子加速器，有時(shí)也可用來(lái)加速質(zhì)子。通過(guò)重離子加速器可以將大量的重離子加速到很高的速度，甚至接近光速，高速的重離子形成重離子束，用于開(kāi)展重離子物理研究。重離子加速器還可用于：滴線核的研究、高溫高密度條件下核物質(zhì)性質(zhì)研究、介子物理及粒子物理研究、高離化態(tài)原子物理研究、重離子束相關(guān)的應(yīng)用研究。

蘭州重離子加速器國(guó)家實(shí)驗(yàn)室是中國(guó)科學(xué)院負(fù)責(zé)建設(shè)和發(fā)展的國(guó)家實(shí)驗(yàn)室，擁有我國(guó)第1臺(tái)大型重離子加速器系統(tǒng)。蘭州重離子研究裝置（Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou，HIRFL）是中國(guó)科學(xué)院近代物理研究所設(shè)計(jì)建造的我國(guó)能量最高的重離子物理研究裝置，1988年12月建成出束。

近些年來(lái)，隨著重離子加速器和探測(cè)技術(shù)等核科學(xué)技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展以及與其他學(xué)科交叉的不斷拓展，特別是與生命科學(xué)技術(shù)的相互交叉，新現(xiàn)象和新效應(yīng)不斷地被揭示出來(lái)，產(chǎn)生了許多新的重大技術(shù)突破，如微米束及納米束、重離子束深層治癌研究、高效定向育種和材料輻照等，為解決人類(lèi)社會(huì)發(fā)展相關(guān)的健康、能源、農(nóng)業(yè)、生態(tài)、環(huán)境、航天等重大問(wèn)題提供了強(qiáng)有力的手段。

本專題得到王金川編審（中國(guó)科學(xué)院近代物理研究所）的大力支持。

·熱點(diǎn)數(shù)據(jù)排行·

截至 2016年 8月 15日，中國(guó)知網(wǎng)（CNKI）和Web of Science（WOS）的數(shù)據(jù)報(bào)告顯示，以“重離子加速器”為詞條可以檢索到的期刊文獻(xiàn)分別為804條與684條，本專題將相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)按照：研究機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)文數(shù)、作者發(fā)文數(shù)、期刊發(fā)文數(shù)、被引用頻次進(jìn)行排行，結(jié)果如下。

研究機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)文數(shù)量排名（CNKI）

研究機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)文數(shù)量排名（WOS）

作者發(fā)文數(shù)量排名（CNKI）

?

作者發(fā)文數(shù)量排名（WOS）

（數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源：中國(guó)知網(wǎng)、Web of Science，檢索時(shí)間：2016-08-15）

期刊發(fā)文數(shù)量排名（CNKI）

期刊發(fā)文數(shù)量排名（WOS）

根據(jù)中國(guó)知網(wǎng)（CNKI）數(shù)據(jù)報(bào)告，以“重離子加速器”為詞條可以檢索到的高被引論文排行結(jié)果如下。

國(guó)內(nèi)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)高被引論文排行

根據(jù)Web of Science統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)，以“重離子加速器”為詞條可以檢索到的高被引論文排行結(jié)果如下。

國(guó)外數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)高被引論文排行

·經(jīng)典文獻(xiàn)推薦·

基于Web of Science檢索結(jié)果，利用Histcite軟件選取LCS（Local Citation Score，本地引用次數(shù)）TOP 50文獻(xiàn)作為節(jié)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分析，得到本領(lǐng)域推薦的經(jīng)典文獻(xiàn)如下。

來(lái)源出版物：Nuclear Instruments and Methods, 1971, 97(1): 1-17

Influence of carbon material and sputtering angle on stripper foil lifetime

Sugai, I; Oyaizu, M; Takeda, Y; et al.

Abstract:Mixed noble gas (Kr+Ne) was used for ion beam sputtering (MIBS) with the aim to produce stripper foils with long lifetime. Further characteristics of the MIBS method were investigated. Angular thickness distributions were measured for the deposits of three crystalline structures of carbon sputter targets: Synthetic diamond, glassy carbon and polycrystalline graphite. In this setup the vertical ion beam hits the horizontal surface of the respective carbon target. Differences are presented for three ion energies. In a second setup the angle of the sputter target relative to the vertical ion beam could be adjusted for preparing carbon deposits with lifetime dependences on the inclination angle alpha on a glassy carbon surface. Resulting stripper foils were tested for their lifetime depending on sputter material and sputtering angle 0 in case of graphite. The lifetime measurements were performed with a 3.2 MeV Ne+ion beam as usual.

carbon stripper; sputtering; stripper lifetime; heavy ion accelerator

來(lái)源出版物：Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2010, 613(3): 448-452

Laser ion-source for heavy-ion accelerators

Sharkov, BY; Shumshurov, AV; Dubenkow, VP; et al.

Abstract: The development, construction, and operation of laser ion sources for different types of heavy ion accelerators at ITEP are presented. A number of general physical problems connected with the special plasma heating regime by means of a powerful CO2laser were under consideration. The results of experimental measurements show that the currents up to congruent-to 103mA per pulses about 5-15μs and emittance less-than-or-equal-to 3 π-cm mrad have been achieved formulticharged ions of a large number of elements. The recent results of laser ion source operation on the ITEP Van-de-Graaf facility and on the 2 MV heavy ion synchrotron injector are reported.

來(lái)源出版物：Review of Scientific Instruments, 1992, 63(4): 2841-2843

Experimental investigation of electron cooling and stacking of lead ions in a low energy accumulation ring

Bosser, J; Carli, C; Chanel, T; et al.

Abstract: This report gives the results of a programme of experimental investigations, which were carried out to test stacking of lead ions in a storage ring (the former Low Energy Antiproton Ring, LEAR) at 4.2 MeV per nucleon, The motivation was to demonstrate the feasibility of gaining the large factor in the phase-space density required for injection into the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). In the first part of the report, the layout of the experiments is described, the choice of the parameters of the electron cooling system used for stacking is reported and the multiturn injection using horizontal-and longitudinal- (and in the final project also vertical-) phase space is discussed. In the second part the experimental results are presented. Factors of vital importance are the stacking efficiency, the beam life-time and the cooling time of the ions. The beam decay owing to charge exchange with the residual gas and to recombination by the capture of cooling electrons was intensively studied. Beam instabilities and space-charge effects in the ion beam turned out to be additional, although less serious, limitations of the accumulation rare. The cooling speed as a function of cooler and storage-ring properties was investigated over a wide range of parameters. Among the ‘surprises’ encountered are an anomalously fast recombination rate for certain ion charge states (Pb53+), a strong dependence of the cooling time on the dispersion function of the storage ring, and an intensity-dependent outgassing of equipment in the vacuum chamber. After a careful choice of parameters and antidotes, an overall factor of 120 in intensity could be gained, by multi-turn injection and stacking for 4 s. The intensity obtained (6 × 108ions with a length corresponding to four LHC bunches) is only a factor of two short of the LHC requirement. and the stacking time (4 s instead of 2 s foreseen for filling each LHC ring in 8 min) is another factor of 2 off.

來(lái)源出版物：Particle Accelerators, 1999, 63 (3): 171-210

Verification of Monte Carlo transport codes FLUKA, GEANT4 and SHIELD for radiation protection purposes at relativistic heavy ion accelerators

Beskrovnaia, L; Florko, B; Paraipan, M; et al.

Abstract:The crucial problem for radiation shielding design at heavy ion accelerator facilities with beam energies of several GeV/n is the source term problem. Experimental data on double differential neuron yields from thick targets irradiated with high-energy uranium nuclei are lacking. At present there are not many Monte Carlo multipurpose codes that can work with primary highenergy uranium nuclei. These codes use different physical models for simulating nucleus-nucleus reactions. Therefore verification of the codes with available experimental data is very important for selection of the most reliable code for practical tasks. This paper presents comparisons of the FLUKA, GEANT4 and SHIELD code simulations with experimental data on neutron production at 1 GeV/n U-238 beam interaction with a thick Fe target.

關(guān)鍵詞：shielding data; relativistic heavy ions; thick target; neutron yield; monte carlo; code verification

來(lái)源出版物：Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 2008, 266(18): 4058-4060

·推薦綜述·

蘭州重離子加速器研究裝置HIRFL

夏佳文，詹文龍，魏寶文，原有進(jìn)，趙紅衛(wèi)，楊建成，石健，盛麗娜，楊維青，冒立軍

重離子加速器具有重要的科學(xué)作用和社會(huì)意義，是研究物質(zhì)微觀結(jié)構(gòu)、宇宙演化、解決人類(lèi)有關(guān)生存環(huán)境問(wèn)題的有效手段，如探索原子核存在的極限，探究宇宙中鐵到鈾元素的來(lái)源以及能量的起源，探究太陽(yáng)系的演化過(guò)程等。此外，重離子加速器可為應(yīng)用研究提供獨(dú)特的實(shí)驗(yàn)條件，可開(kāi)展高能量密度物理研究、先進(jìn)能源相關(guān)材料研究、離子徑跡與納米技術(shù)研究、生命科學(xué)研究、高效生物農(nóng)業(yè)研究、輻照相變與特殊功能材料研究、空間輻照效應(yīng)研究以及信息材料技術(shù)研究等。重離子加速器一般采用直線加速器或者回旋加速器作為注入器，采用同步加速器或者回旋加速器做為主加速器將粒子加速到高能量，最后注入到儲(chǔ)存環(huán)并開(kāi)展內(nèi)靶和外靶實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。

1國(guó)內(nèi)外重離子加速器裝置現(xiàn)狀

目前，國(guó)際上運(yùn)行和建設(shè)中的大型重離子加速器約30余臺(tái)，而我國(guó)現(xiàn)有北京BRIF和蘭州HIRFL以及即將建設(shè)的強(qiáng)流重離子裝置 HIAF。國(guó)際上的重離子加速器主要有美國(guó)BNL-RHIC、日本RIKEN-RIBF，以及正在建設(shè)中的德國(guó) FAIR、美國(guó) MSU-FRIB、法國(guó)GANIL-SPIRAL2，國(guó)內(nèi)外幾臺(tái)典型裝置的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r如下。

北京原子能科學(xué)研究院的 HI-13串列加速器 1987年正式投入運(yùn)行，2001—2002年進(jìn)行了更新改造，加速器最高頭部電壓由13 MV提高到15 MV。北京放射性束裝置（BRIF）是HI-13的升級(jí)工程，是在HI-13串列加速器的前端新建一臺(tái)緊湊型等時(shí)性強(qiáng)流質(zhì)子回旋加速器（100 MeV，200 μA），一臺(tái)質(zhì)量分辨率為20000的在線同位素分離器，以及在其后端新建一臺(tái)具有2 MeV/q加速能力的超導(dǎo)重離子直線增能器，與現(xiàn)有的HI-13串列加速器組成一套加速器組合裝置（中國(guó)原子能科學(xué)研究院網(wǎng)址：www.ciae.ac.cn）。目前，100 MeV的質(zhì)子回旋加速器已經(jīng)建成出束。該加速器組合裝置有多種運(yùn)行模式，回旋加速器單獨(dú)使用時(shí)主要用于中子物理、輻射物理、生物醫(yī)學(xué)的研究以及同位素研發(fā)；聯(lián)合使用時(shí)，回旋加速器的質(zhì)子束將用于轟擊靶源，產(chǎn)生放射性同位素，經(jīng)在線同位素分離器后注入串列加速器加速，為用戶提供放射性核素束流。該加速器在亞庫(kù)侖位壘熔合、原子核高自旋態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)、核天體物理、核數(shù)據(jù)測(cè)量、加速器質(zhì)譜等方面取得了重要成果。

美國(guó)布魯克海文國(guó)家實(shí)驗(yàn)室的相對(duì)論重離子對(duì)撞機(jī)（BNL-RHIC）于2000年開(kāi)始運(yùn)行，是目前世界上唯一的自旋極化質(zhì)子對(duì)撞機(jī)（美國(guó)布魯克海文國(guó)家實(shí)驗(yàn)室網(wǎng)址：www.bnl.gov/world/）?？茖W(xué)家利用 RHIC研究重離子/質(zhì)子對(duì)撞產(chǎn)生的夸克—膠子等離子體的復(fù)雜過(guò)程，研究宇宙大爆炸后的早期現(xiàn)象。RHIC儲(chǔ)存環(huán)為6邊形結(jié)構(gòu)，周長(zhǎng)為3834 m，有6個(gè)對(duì)撞點(diǎn)。電子束離子源EBIS引出的重離子束首先經(jīng)過(guò) Tandems預(yù)加速，然后注入到增強(qiáng)器 Booster中加速，再注入到同步加速器AGS加速到高能量，最后經(jīng)過(guò)高能傳輸線注入到RHIC，加速到相對(duì)論速度后開(kāi)始碰撞。此外，質(zhì)子—質(zhì)子碰撞則采用直線加速器LINAC作為注入器，經(jīng)過(guò)Booster，AGS后注入到RHIC。

日本理化學(xué)研究所 RIKEN的重離子加速器系統(tǒng)分兩大部分：原有的加速器研究裝置RARF，以及升級(jí)后的放射性同位素束流工廠RIBF（日本理化學(xué)所網(wǎng)站：www.riken.jp/）。RARF由重離子直線加速器RLAC，回旋加速器AVF以及回旋加速器RRC組成，其中RLAC和AVF都可作為RRC的注入器。AVF的能量常數(shù)為K=65；RRC的能量常數(shù)K=540，主要用于核物理和生物實(shí)驗(yàn)。隨著科學(xué)家對(duì)更高能量的需求，RIKEN在RARF的基礎(chǔ)上新建了3臺(tái)回旋加速器：固定頻率回旋加速器fRC、中間段回旋加速器IRC以及超導(dǎo)回旋加速器SRC，其能量常數(shù)K分別為570，980以及2500。2006年RIBF完成升級(jí)任務(wù)，共有5臺(tái)回旋加速器，可級(jí)聯(lián)加速，能將輕離子能量加速到440 MeV/u，鈾離子能量加速到350 MeV/u。利用強(qiáng)流放射性束流可深入研究遠(yuǎn)離穩(wěn)定線核素（奇異核）的結(jié)構(gòu)、性質(zhì)和反應(yīng)，包括建立原子核新的統(tǒng)一圖像，揭示元素的起源。此外，RIBF的成果還廣泛應(yīng)用于醫(yī)療、環(huán)境、農(nóng)業(yè)、工業(yè)和考古等諸多領(lǐng)域。

德國(guó)重離子研究中心GSI的重離子加速器系統(tǒng)由離子源、直線加速器UNILAC、同步加速器SIS18、碎片分離器FRS、實(shí)驗(yàn)儲(chǔ)存環(huán)ESR及若干束運(yùn)線和實(shí)驗(yàn)終端組成。FRS可將打靶產(chǎn)生的放射性次級(jí)束進(jìn)行高效的分離選擇；ESR環(huán)內(nèi)可開(kāi)展原子核質(zhì)量高精度測(cè)量以及內(nèi)靶實(shí)驗(yàn)等研究。

FAIR是在德國(guó)GSI現(xiàn)有UNILAC，SIS18和ESR加速器基礎(chǔ)上，新建同步加速器SIS100和SIS300、收集環(huán)CR、累積環(huán)RESR、儲(chǔ)存環(huán)NESR、超級(jí)碎片分離器 SuperFRS、質(zhì)子直線加速器 p-Linac和高能儲(chǔ)存環(huán)HESR（德國(guó)重離子研究裝置 GSI：www.gsi.de/start/ aktuelles.htm）。238U28+束流最高能量可達(dá)9.7 GeV/u、流強(qiáng)5×1011離子數(shù)/脈沖；質(zhì)子束最高能量29 GeV/u、流強(qiáng)4×1013離子數(shù)/脈沖。FAIR由德國(guó)、法國(guó)和俄羅斯等10余個(gè)國(guó)家投資建造，已于2011年開(kāi)工建設(shè)，預(yù)計(jì)2019年完成SIS100，RESR，HESR，F(xiàn)LAIR和p-Linac建造，2023年完成SIS300和實(shí)驗(yàn)探測(cè)裝置建造。FAIR能夠提供重離子和反質(zhì)子束流，主要開(kāi)展強(qiáng)子結(jié)構(gòu)、遠(yuǎn)離穩(wěn)定線原子核結(jié)構(gòu)、強(qiáng)相互作用物質(zhì)性質(zhì)和重離子束應(yīng)用等研究。

美國(guó)密歇根州立大學(xué)MSU國(guó)家超導(dǎo)回旋加速器實(shí)驗(yàn)室 NSCL由美國(guó)能源部資助（美國(guó)密歇根州立大學(xué)MSU：http：//admissions.msu.edu/），主要從事稀有同位素和核物理研究，其在核結(jié)構(gòu)、核天體物理、重離子反應(yīng)機(jī)制、加速器物理、束流動(dòng)力學(xué)以及實(shí)驗(yàn)技術(shù)和癌癥治療等方面都取得了許多成果。2009年美國(guó)能源部與MSU簽署協(xié)議，在NSCL基礎(chǔ)上建立新的超導(dǎo)重離子直線加速器、散裂靶、碎片分離器、氣體阻止器以及次級(jí)束后加速器等，構(gòu)成高流強(qiáng)的放射性稀有同位素裝置 FRIB。FRIB的設(shè)計(jì)功率為 400 kW，質(zhì)子束能量610 MeV、流強(qiáng)656 pμA；86Kr束流能量265 MeV/u、流強(qiáng)18.0 pμA；238U束流能量210 MeV/u、流強(qiáng)8.0 pμA。目前，F(xiàn)RIB已基本完成了直線加速器的模型腔、高頻加速腔、靶分離裝置、電荷剝離器等的預(yù)研和測(cè)試，計(jì)劃于2022年完成工程建設(shè)。FRIB主要用于開(kāi)展原子核結(jié)構(gòu)、核天體物理、基本對(duì)稱性檢驗(yàn)和重離子束應(yīng)用等研究。

法國(guó)重離子加速器國(guó)家實(shí)驗(yàn)室GANIL有2個(gè)放射性束裝置SPIRAL1以及其升級(jí)裝置SPIRAL2（法國(guó)重離子加速器國(guó)家實(shí)驗(yàn)室GANIL：www.ganil-spiral2.eu/）。SPIRAL1包括靶—源系統(tǒng)以及中能回旋加速器系統(tǒng)，主要用于產(chǎn)生和加速放射性奇異核，該裝置可產(chǎn)生質(zhì)量數(shù)達(dá)90的輕奇異核，并將其加速到1/4光速。為了獲得更高流強(qiáng)更高穩(wěn)定性的放射性次級(jí)束，在原有加速器裝置基礎(chǔ)上新建了ISOL型放射性束流裝置SPIRAL2。驅(qū)動(dòng)器為超導(dǎo)直線加速器，設(shè)計(jì)氘束能量為1.5～40.0 MeV，流強(qiáng)5.0 mA；M/Q=3的重離子束能量2.0～14.5 MeV/u，流強(qiáng)1.0 mA。后加速系統(tǒng)是一臺(tái)回旋加速器，能夠提供能量為3～10 MeV/u的放射性束流。SPIRAL2于2013年完成了基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)和加速器相關(guān)設(shè)備的設(shè)計(jì)、加工、測(cè)試和驗(yàn)收，于 2014年底開(kāi)始調(diào)試。主要開(kāi)展奇異原子核結(jié)構(gòu)、核物質(zhì)性質(zhì)、基本對(duì)稱性和離子束應(yīng)用等研究。

2蘭州重離子加速器研究裝置HIRFL及先進(jìn)強(qiáng)流重離子裝置HIAF

蘭州重離子加速器裝置 HIRFL主要包括前級(jí)回旋加速器系統(tǒng)，如電子回旋共振ECR離子源、扇聚焦回旋加速器SFC、分離扇回旋加速器SSC，以及后加速冷卻儲(chǔ)存環(huán)CSR系統(tǒng)，如主環(huán)CSRm、實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)CSRe、連接兩環(huán)之間的放射性束流分離線RIBLL2以及若干束運(yùn)線和實(shí)驗(yàn)終端。HIRFL的2個(gè)回旋加速器SFC和SSC作為CSR的注入器，提供的離子束被CSRm累積、冷卻并加速到更高能量，然后快引出打靶產(chǎn)生放射性次級(jí)束或高電荷態(tài)離子束。次級(jí)束流注入到 CSRe，在電子冷卻輔助下儲(chǔ)存或減速以開(kāi)展多種內(nèi)靶實(shí)驗(yàn)或者高精度的原子核質(zhì)量測(cè)量實(shí)驗(yàn)。另一方面，束流可由CSRm慢引出開(kāi)展癌癥治療臨床實(shí)驗(yàn)以及單粒子效應(yīng)研究等，也可以快/慢引出開(kāi)展各種外靶實(shí)驗(yàn)。

2.1電子回旋共振ECR離子源

根據(jù)國(guó)際重離子加速器發(fā)展前沿，從1989年開(kāi)始，中國(guó)科學(xué)院近代物理研究所從法國(guó)引進(jìn) CAPRICE型ECR（electron cyclotron resonance）離子源。經(jīng)過(guò)兩年的調(diào)試和改進(jìn)，于1992年正式將這臺(tái)10 GHz離子源在HIRFL上投入使用，這也是國(guó)際上第一次將CAPRICE型ECR源在回旋加速器上使用，明顯提高了SFC引出束流強(qiáng)度。為配合ECR離子源的使用，對(duì)SFC進(jìn)行了相應(yīng)改造，其注入系統(tǒng)由原先使用PIG離子源時(shí)的水平方向內(nèi)注入改為垂直方向外注入。1990年開(kāi)始自行設(shè)計(jì)建造我國(guó)第一臺(tái)10 GHz ECR離子源（ECR1）并于1993年投入使用。1997年又設(shè)計(jì)建造了一臺(tái)14.5 GHz的ECR離子源（ECR2），于1999年投入使用。通過(guò)這些研究，發(fā)展了ECR離子源技術(shù)，積累了豐富的研制經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

為了進(jìn)一步提高 HIRFL加速極重離子的束流強(qiáng)度，2000年中國(guó)科學(xué)院批準(zhǔn)中國(guó)科學(xué)院近代物理研究所研制超導(dǎo)高電荷態(tài)ECR離子源。作為中國(guó)科學(xué)院創(chuàng)新工程重大項(xiàng)目之一，經(jīng)過(guò)近5年的努力，于2005年建成了在磁場(chǎng)設(shè)計(jì)和結(jié)構(gòu)方面都有所創(chuàng)新的超導(dǎo) ECR離子源，2006年通過(guò)了中國(guó)科學(xué)院組織的國(guó)內(nèi)外專家進(jìn)行的測(cè)試、鑒定和驗(yàn)收，并投入使用。

2.2扇聚焦回旋加速器SFC

扇聚焦回旋加速器SFC（Sector Focused Cyclotron）是一臺(tái)螺旋扇聚焦的等時(shí)性回旋加速器，是中國(guó)科學(xué)院近代物理研究所由原有的 1.5 m直徑的經(jīng)典輕離子回旋加速器改造而成的，其能量常數(shù)為K=69。該加速器是“一五”時(shí)期前蘇聯(lián)援建我國(guó)的156個(gè)重大項(xiàng)目之一，由第二機(jī)械工業(yè)部投資和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，于 1962年底安裝就緒并開(kāi)始調(diào)試，于1964年5月份正式投入運(yùn)行。為配合“雙超”（超钚、超重元素的合成）工作的開(kāi)展，1970年中國(guó)科學(xué)院近代物理研究所將1.5 m回旋加速器成功地改裝為我國(guó)第一臺(tái)重離子加速器，目前可加速?gòu)臍涞解櫟乃须x子。

SFC主體由圓形電磁鐵、雙層結(jié)構(gòu)真空室和高頻加速腔組成，可將H～U的重離子分別加速到10.0～1.28 MeV/u的能量，相應(yīng)的引出流強(qiáng)為15～1 eμA。SFC作為HIRFL的注入器，在日常的科學(xué)研究中發(fā)揮了舉足輕重的作用：一方面，SFC可以為SSC提供各種束流，進(jìn)而在各種低能實(shí)驗(yàn)終端上開(kāi)展多種物理研究以及相關(guān)學(xué)科的應(yīng)用研究，如淺層治癌，材料輻照等；另一方面，從SFC引出的束流通過(guò)直通線直接注入到CSRm，進(jìn)行后加速，以進(jìn)行更高能量的實(shí)驗(yàn)。

2.3分離扇回旋加速器SSC

分離扇等時(shí)性回旋加速器 SSC（Separated Sector Cyclotron）是HIRFL系統(tǒng)中的主回旋加速器，其能量常數(shù)K=450，1988年建成出束，按建成順序是國(guó)際現(xiàn)有8臺(tái)中能重離子加速器中的第4臺(tái)，是我國(guó)“七五”時(shí)期自主建設(shè)的重離子回旋加速器，碳離子束能量可達(dá)100 MeV/u。其主體由4臺(tái)總重2000 t的扇形電磁鐵、兩臺(tái)大型高頻加速腔和100 m3真空室組成，輪廓直徑12 m、高度6 m。SSC與SFC聯(lián)合運(yùn)行，可把典型的C～Bi的重離子分別加速到100～9.5 MeV/u的能量，相應(yīng)的引出流強(qiáng)為3.5～0.1 eμA。SSC主要用于開(kāi)展新核素合成和研究、中低能重離子碰撞和熱核性質(zhì)研究，以及重離子束應(yīng)用研究等。

2.4冷卻儲(chǔ)存環(huán)CSR

蘭州重離子加速器冷卻儲(chǔ)存環(huán)（HIRFL）是國(guó)家“九五”重大科學(xué)工程之一，2007年建成并投入運(yùn)行，2008年7月通過(guò)國(guó)家驗(yàn)收，是國(guó)際上繼德國(guó)GSI的SIS18-ESR之后又一個(gè)大型重離子冷卻儲(chǔ)存環(huán)裝置。CSR由主環(huán)CSRm、實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)CSRe、放射性次級(jí)束分離線（RIBLL2）、實(shí)驗(yàn)探測(cè)裝置等組成，是一個(gè)集累積、冷卻、加速、儲(chǔ)存、內(nèi)靶實(shí)驗(yàn)及高分辨質(zhì)量測(cè)量于一體的大型多功能實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置，可提供C～U、單核子能量達(dá)GeV量級(jí)的重離子束，CSR主環(huán)加速的12C6+，36Ar18+束流的最高能量均達(dá)到了1000 MeV/u，流強(qiáng)分別為1190 μA（7.5×108ppp）和1200 μA（2.6×108ppp），技術(shù)指標(biāo)達(dá)到國(guó)際先進(jìn)水平。

HIRFL的創(chuàng)新發(fā)展，使我國(guó)重離子加速器技術(shù)水平及重離子物理實(shí)驗(yàn)研究能力進(jìn)入世界前列，是我國(guó)放射性束核物理、極端條件下核物質(zhì)性質(zhì)研究、高離化態(tài)原子物理、核天體物理等基礎(chǔ)研究領(lǐng)域的最大實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)施，是國(guó)內(nèi)目前 LET航天器件單粒子效應(yīng)檢測(cè)以及輻射加固等國(guó)防任務(wù)最高的研究平臺(tái)，為生命科學(xué)（如重離子深層治癌）、生物科學(xué)、材料與能源科學(xué)等應(yīng)用研究提供了有力的支撐條件。

HIRFL在多個(gè)方面實(shí)現(xiàn)了技術(shù)創(chuàng)新和突破，使我國(guó)在重離子加速器領(lǐng)域?qū)崿F(xiàn)了跨越式發(fā)展，推動(dòng)了我國(guó)相關(guān)高新技術(shù)的發(fā)展及科技創(chuàng)新，帶動(dòng)了粒子加速器行業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)及西部區(qū)域的科技進(jìn)步：（1）通過(guò)對(duì)重離子冷卻儲(chǔ)存環(huán)技術(shù)的創(chuàng)新發(fā)展，HIRFL突破了以回旋加速器作注入器時(shí)注入流強(qiáng)低的瓶頸，實(shí)現(xiàn)了重離子雙冷卻儲(chǔ)存環(huán)與同步加速器高效組合，完成了從低能加速器向高能加速器的跨越。（2）創(chuàng)建了獨(dú)特的非對(duì)稱等時(shí)性磁聚焦結(jié)構(gòu)，發(fā)明時(shí)間—幅度二維離子鑒別及相對(duì)時(shí)間數(shù)據(jù)修正的數(shù)據(jù)處理方法，使CSR在高精度直接測(cè)量短壽命近質(zhì)子滴線核素領(lǐng)域取得重大突破，在世界上率先達(dá)到了10-7量級(jí)的相對(duì)測(cè)量精度，并在Z=23～35區(qū)的滴線核素質(zhì)量測(cè)量處于國(guó)際領(lǐng)先地位，成為世界上原子核質(zhì)量精確測(cè)量的最重要實(shí)驗(yàn)室之一。國(guó)際核質(zhì)量評(píng)估系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)移至中國(guó)科學(xué)院近代物理研究所以進(jìn)行核質(zhì)量數(shù)據(jù)的權(quán)威發(fā)布，實(shí)現(xiàn)了我國(guó)在該領(lǐng)域的國(guó)際主導(dǎo)權(quán)。（3）通過(guò)綜合集成創(chuàng)新，實(shí)現(xiàn)了重離子冷卻儲(chǔ)存環(huán)與同步加速器技術(shù)的整體突破。推動(dòng)了我國(guó)高精度磁鐵、大功率電源、超高真空系統(tǒng)等14個(gè)集成系統(tǒng)的相關(guān)領(lǐng)域高、精、尖工業(yè)技術(shù)水平的高速發(fā)展。（4）國(guó)際上首次采用回旋與同步加速器的組合模式，成功實(shí)現(xiàn)了重離子束深層治癌。目前已完成臨床試驗(yàn)治療，取得顯著療效，并開(kāi)發(fā)了具有全部自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的專用重離子治療裝置，已被國(guó)家列為大力發(fā)展的特色優(yōu)勢(shì)產(chǎn)業(yè)，以及推進(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化升級(jí)的“戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)”。

2.5放射性次級(jí)束分離線

HIRFL的放射性次級(jí)束分離線有 RIBLL1和RIBLL2.RIBLL1全長(zhǎng)35 m，由放射性束的產(chǎn)生、分離、鑒別和聚焦系統(tǒng)組成，1997年建成。它的設(shè)計(jì)集中了國(guó)際上已有4條中能重離子放射性束流線的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，首次采用兩段反對(duì)稱雙消色差傳輸結(jié)構(gòu)，提高了對(duì)放射性束的分辨能力，質(zhì)量分辨（A/△A）大于 200，動(dòng)量接受度10%，最大磁剛度4.2 Tm。在RIBLL1上開(kāi)展的物理研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一批具有質(zhì)子暈、中子暈結(jié)構(gòu)的奇異核素。

RIBLL2全長(zhǎng)55 m，是中高能放射性次級(jí)束分離線，由反對(duì)稱的雙消色差傳輸結(jié)構(gòu)組成，包含4臺(tái)二極磁鐵、20臺(tái)四極磁鐵、8臺(tái)六極磁鐵以及4臺(tái)八極磁鐵。CSRm提供的高品質(zhì)中高能初級(jí)束打靶后，經(jīng)RIBLL2分離出彈核碎裂等反應(yīng)中產(chǎn)生的前沖碎片，注入到CSRe進(jìn)行內(nèi)靶實(shí)驗(yàn)；RIBLL2的第2部分也可用作譜儀分析次級(jí)束再打靶的產(chǎn)物，然后注入到CSRe；或者RIBLL2直接將次級(jí)束提供給終端，進(jìn)行外靶實(shí)驗(yàn)。RIBLL2的質(zhì)量分辨（A/△A）大于1200，動(dòng)量接受度10%，最大磁剛度10.6 Tm。

2.6先進(jìn)強(qiáng)流重離子加速器裝置HIAF

即將建設(shè)的“十二五”國(guó)家重大科技基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施—先進(jìn)強(qiáng)流重離子加速器裝置（High Intensity Heavyion Accelerator Facility，HIAF）由加速器系統(tǒng)和實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)量裝置構(gòu)成。加速器系統(tǒng)采用超導(dǎo)直線加速器、同步加速器和儲(chǔ)存環(huán)組合的技術(shù)路線，主要包括：強(qiáng)流超導(dǎo)離子源 SECR、超導(dǎo)離子直線加速器 iLinac、磁剛度分別為34和43 Tm的增強(qiáng)器BRing和壓縮環(huán)CRing、磁剛度為13 Tm的高精度環(huán)形譜儀SRing、能量回收型電子加速器ERL，以及相關(guān)配套設(shè)施。

利用離子源產(chǎn)生從氫到鈾的強(qiáng)流離子束，注入iLinac進(jìn)行預(yù)加速。iLinac是BRing的注入器，也可為低能物理實(shí)驗(yàn)提供強(qiáng)流離子束。BRing利用相空間涂抹和束流冷卻技術(shù)將離子束累積到高流強(qiáng)并加速到高能量，引出束流注入到CRing或打靶產(chǎn)生放射性核素。放射性束流線分離和選擇目標(biāo)核并注入 SRing。在等時(shí)性工作模式下，SRing精確測(cè)量短壽命原子核的質(zhì)量；在收集工作模式下，SRing制備高品質(zhì)放射性束流，既可開(kāi)展內(nèi)靶實(shí)驗(yàn)也可引出束流注入到CRing或開(kāi)展外靶實(shí)驗(yàn)。CRing采用束流縱向堆積和冷卻技術(shù)儲(chǔ)存盡可能多的離子并具有加速功能，在環(huán)內(nèi)開(kāi)展高電荷態(tài)離子的精細(xì)雙電子復(fù)合實(shí)驗(yàn)；將束流壓縮為百納秒束團(tuán)后快引出開(kāi)展高能量密度物質(zhì)性質(zhì)研究，或超長(zhǎng)周期慢引出束流進(jìn)行輻照效應(yīng)研究。ERL電子加速器提供的高品質(zhì)電子束既可開(kāi)展電子-原子核對(duì)撞研究，也可診斷高密度物質(zhì)狀態(tài)。HIAF的設(shè)計(jì)充分考慮了將來(lái)升級(jí)的空間和能力，BRing和CRing可升級(jí)為8字型結(jié)構(gòu)加速器，產(chǎn)生高能極化質(zhì)子束，結(jié)合后續(xù)建造的高能電子加速器，開(kāi)展高亮度、雙極化電子—質(zhì)子對(duì)撞實(shí)驗(yàn)，研究核子的基本性質(zhì)。

2.7主要研究成果

中國(guó)科學(xué)院近代物理研究所創(chuàng)建于1957年，是在周恩來(lái)總理提出建立的中國(guó)科學(xué)院蘭州物理研究室基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展起來(lái)的。經(jīng)過(guò)逾半個(gè)世紀(jì)的發(fā)展，近代物理研究所已成為在國(guó)際上有重要影響的重離子科學(xué)綜合研究中心，是一個(gè)依托大科學(xué)裝置，主要從事核物理基礎(chǔ)前沿和重離子束應(yīng)用研究、同時(shí)發(fā)展先進(jìn)粒子加速器及核應(yīng)用技術(shù)的研究所。主要研究方向有：原子核物理、原子與分子物理、高能量密度物理、材料科學(xué)、生命科學(xué)、ADS嬗變系統(tǒng)、先進(jìn)粒子加速器等。

中國(guó)科學(xué)院近代物理研究所通過(guò)幾代人的不懈努力和 3項(xiàng)大科學(xué)工程建設(shè)，建成了蘭州重離子加速器（HIRFL）國(guó)家重大科技基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，主要技術(shù)指標(biāo)達(dá)到國(guó)際先進(jìn)水平，為我國(guó)重離子物理及交叉學(xué)科研究創(chuàng)造了先進(jìn)的實(shí)驗(yàn)條件，取得了以新核素合成、原子核質(zhì)量精確測(cè)量、重離子治癌為代表的一批重要科研成果，使我國(guó)進(jìn)入重離子物理及交叉學(xué)科研究的國(guó)際先進(jìn)行列。同時(shí)，在核技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)化方面也取得了重要進(jìn)展，為我國(guó)科技、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)的發(fā)展和國(guó)家安全作出了貢獻(xiàn)。

中國(guó)科學(xué)院近代物理研究所共取得科研成果660多項(xiàng)，其中獲國(guó)家獎(jiǎng)17項(xiàng)、省部級(jí)獎(jiǎng)158項(xiàng)。獲得的主要科技獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)有：蘭州重離子研究裝置，獲得 1992年國(guó)家科技進(jìn)步一等獎(jiǎng)；重質(zhì)量豐中子新核素的合成、鑒別和研究，獲得 1999年國(guó)家自然科學(xué)二等獎(jiǎng)；中重缺中子區(qū)近滴線新核素合成及核結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究，獲得 2007年國(guó)家自然科學(xué)二等獎(jiǎng)；超導(dǎo)高電荷態(tài)ECR離子源，獲得 2008年國(guó)家科技進(jìn)步二等獎(jiǎng)；蘭州重離子加速器冷卻儲(chǔ)存環(huán)工程，獲得 2009年度中國(guó)科學(xué)院杰出成就獎(jiǎng)和2012年國(guó)家科技進(jìn)步二等獎(jiǎng)。研究成果8次入選全國(guó)十大科技成就、科技新聞、科技進(jìn)展和全國(guó)基礎(chǔ)研究十大新聞。“新核素合成研究”入選“創(chuàng)新中國(guó)”的 60項(xiàng)科學(xué)成就。

3結(jié)論

重離子加速器在核物理、原子物理、天體核物理等研究領(lǐng)域具有重要的科學(xué)意義；在核探測(cè)、輻射醫(yī)學(xué)以及醫(yī)學(xué)物理等應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域具有重大的社會(huì)需求；在核物理、核技術(shù)、輻射生物學(xué)、材料、生物與農(nóng)業(yè)等交叉學(xué)科領(lǐng)域具有重要的應(yīng)用前景。重離子加速器為促進(jìn)人類(lèi)發(fā)展和社會(huì)進(jìn)步做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)。?

【作者單位：1. 中國(guó)科學(xué)院近代物理研究所；2. 蘭州重離子加速器國(guó)家實(shí)驗(yàn)室】

（摘自《科學(xué)通報(bào)》2016年第4/5期）

·高被引論文摘要·

被引頻次：33

蘭州重離子冷卻儲(chǔ)存環(huán)工程

夏佳文，詹文龍，魏寶文，等

蘭州重離子加速器冷卻儲(chǔ)存環(huán)是蘭州重離子研究裝置的后續(xù)工程。它的建造目的是將重離子束的能量提高到 1 GeV/u附近，同時(shí)利用儲(chǔ)存環(huán)電子冷卻技術(shù)將束流品質(zhì)提高一個(gè)數(shù)量級(jí)，并提供更多種類(lèi)的重離子束，以開(kāi)展更廣范圍和更高精度的物理實(shí)驗(yàn)。蘭州重離子加速器冷卻儲(chǔ)存環(huán)是一個(gè)雙儲(chǔ)存環(huán)系統(tǒng)，由一個(gè)主環(huán)和一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)構(gòu)成。對(duì)其總體布局、總體參數(shù)、主要功能進(jìn)行了介紹。

關(guān)鍵詞：重離子加速器；儲(chǔ)存環(huán)；電子冷卻

來(lái)源出版物：原子核物理評(píng)論, 2001, 18(1): 35-38

被引頻次：30

蘭州重離子加速器冷卻儲(chǔ)存環(huán)

夏佳文，詹文龍，魏寶文，等

摘要：蘭州重離子加速器冷卻儲(chǔ)存環(huán)HIRFL-CSR，是一個(gè)多用途、多功能的雙冷卻儲(chǔ)存環(huán)同步加速器系統(tǒng)，由主環(huán)CSRm和實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)CSRe構(gòu)成，并以蘭州重離子級(jí)聯(lián)回旋加速器HIRFL作注入器。CSR利用高頻變諧波的方法，將重離子束的能量從7～25 MeV/u同步加速到200～1000 MeV/u，同時(shí)利用重離子儲(chǔ)存環(huán)中空心電子束冷卻技術(shù)將束流品質(zhì)提高1個(gè)數(shù)量級(jí)，并通過(guò)儲(chǔ)存環(huán)的快引出及慢引出，提供多種類(lèi)的重離子束以及放射性次級(jí)束（RIBs），以開(kāi)展范圍更廣精度更高的物理實(shí)驗(yàn)。該裝置于2007年投入運(yùn)行，已取得了重要的運(yùn)行結(jié)果，如實(shí)現(xiàn)了剝離注入與多圈注入、空心電子束對(duì)重離子束的冷卻與累積、變諧波寬能區(qū)同步加速、等時(shí)性環(huán)型譜儀、RIBs的產(chǎn)生收集與ToF高分辨質(zhì)量測(cè)量以及高能重離子束的變能慢引出等。

關(guān)鍵詞：重離子加速器；冷卻儲(chǔ)存環(huán)；重離子束累積；電子冷卻；放射性次級(jí)束

來(lái)源出版物：強(qiáng)激光與粒子束, 2008, 20(11): 1787-1794

被引頻次：15

重離子對(duì)四種作物的生物學(xué)效應(yīng)——Ⅰ HIRFL加速重離子植物遺傳學(xué)效應(yīng)研究

衛(wèi)增泉，劉玉巖，王桂玲，等

摘要：在重離子研究裝置（HIRFL）上采用46.6 MeV/amuC6+離子對(duì)四種不同作物種子進(jìn)行遺傳學(xué)效應(yīng)研究，結(jié)果表明：重離子對(duì)種子的萌發(fā)能力和生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育均有明顯的抑制作用，根尖細(xì)胞中出現(xiàn)的染色體畸變具有多種類(lèi)型，而且畸變頻率均高于對(duì)照組，同時(shí)還觀察到四種作物之間輻射敏感性的差異。本文還討論了中能重離子（10～100 MeV/amu）在誘變育種及其機(jī)理研究中的應(yīng)用前景，介紹了植物樣品輻照的裝置。

關(guān)鍵詞：重離子；高LET粒子；遺傳學(xué)效應(yīng)；外來(lái)技術(shù)；平行板雪崩探測(cè)器；輻射損傷與修復(fù)；染色體畸變及其頻率；突變機(jī)理

來(lái)源出版物：安徽農(nóng)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào), 1991, 18 (4): 289-293

被引頻次：14

亞微米特征工藝尺寸靜態(tài)隨機(jī)存儲(chǔ)器單粒子效應(yīng)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究

郭紅霞，羅尹虹，姚志斌

摘要：利用中國(guó)原子能科學(xué)研究院重離子加速器，開(kāi)展了不同特征尺寸（0.35～0.13 μm）CMOS工藝、不同集成度（1M、4M、8M、16M）靜態(tài)隨機(jī)存儲(chǔ)器（SRAM）單粒子翻轉(zhuǎn)（SEU）和單粒子閂鎖（SEL）實(shí)驗(yàn)研究，給出了SRAM器件的SEU、SEL截面曲線。與μm級(jí)特征尺寸的器件相比，隨特征尺寸的減小，單粒子翻轉(zhuǎn)更加嚴(yán)重。測(cè)量到了令人關(guān)注的單粒子多位翻轉(zhuǎn)（MBU）效應(yīng)，對(duì)翻轉(zhuǎn)位數(shù)進(jìn)行了統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。MBU對(duì)目前衛(wèi)星系統(tǒng)采用的EDAC技術(shù)提出了挑戰(zhàn)。

關(guān)鍵詞：靜態(tài)隨機(jī)存儲(chǔ)器；多位翻轉(zhuǎn)；重離子加速器

來(lái)源出版物：原子能科學(xué)技術(shù), 2010, 44(12): 1498-1504

被引頻次：12

用于高電荷態(tài)離子與表面相互作用研究的原子物理實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái)

趙永濤，肖國(guó)青，張小安，等

摘要：在重離子加速器國(guó)家實(shí)驗(yàn)室ECR離子源上，成功組建了用于高電荷態(tài)離子與表面相互作用研究的原子物理實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái)；利用該實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái)，研究了用不同電荷態(tài)和不同速度的高電荷態(tài)離子與不同表面相互作用的可見(jiàn)光和X射線發(fā)射的情況，同時(shí)還研究了高電荷態(tài)Xe離子轟擊晶體材料所引起的材料性質(zhì)和表面結(jié)構(gòu)變化的情況。

關(guān)鍵詞：高電荷態(tài)離子；可見(jiàn)光譜；X射線；表面結(jié)構(gòu)

來(lái)源出版物：原子與分子物理學(xué)報(bào), 2006, 23(1): 23-26

被引頻次：12

蘭州重離子加速器冷卻儲(chǔ)存環(huán)脈沖開(kāi)關(guān)電源

高大慶，武榮，周忠祖，等

摘要：介紹了蘭州重離子加速器冷卻儲(chǔ)存環(huán)（HIRFL-CSR）電源系統(tǒng)，對(duì)其中脈沖開(kāi)關(guān)電源作了詳細(xì)介紹。主要討論了脈沖開(kāi)關(guān)電源的工作原理，研制了一臺(tái)樣機(jī)，并給出了實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果。

關(guān)鍵詞：脈沖；開(kāi)關(guān)；電源；設(shè)計(jì)；樣機(jī)

來(lái)源出版物：電力電子技術(shù), 2003, 37(2): 15-16

被引頻次：12

原子高離化態(tài)研究裝置

王友德，楊治虎，徐謙，等

摘要：介紹了原子高離化態(tài)研究裝置，包括重離子加速器、測(cè)量裝置、數(shù)據(jù)獲取和處理系統(tǒng)。

關(guān)鍵詞：重離子加速器；單色儀；ND76多道記錄系統(tǒng)

來(lái)源出版物：原子能科學(xué)技術(shù), 1992, 26(6): 42-42

被引頻次：9

HIRFL淺層腫瘤治療終端治癌碳離子束物理特性的測(cè)量

戴中穎，李強(qiáng)，閆錚，等

摘要：對(duì)HIRFL淺層腫瘤治療終端提供的碳離子束的物理特性進(jìn)行了首次測(cè)量。結(jié)果顯示，能量為80.55 MeV/u的12C離子束，其束流強(qiáng)度在0.001～0.1 nA范圍時(shí)，直徑50 mm照射野的均勻性為73.48%，束流強(qiáng)度在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的穩(wěn)定性為80.87%。測(cè)得了束流在治療裝置等中心處的深度劑量分布，其高劑量的Bragg峰位處在13.866 mm的水等效深度，反推出碳離子束在等中心處對(duì)應(yīng)的能量為71.71 MeV/u，與計(jì)算值基本吻合。對(duì)自由空氣電離室的讀數(shù)進(jìn)行了吸收劑量的標(biāo)定。測(cè)量結(jié)果顯示，HIRFL淺層腫瘤治療裝置性能與臨床治療的要求相比稍有差距，為了達(dá)到治療終端進(jìn)行臨床試驗(yàn)的要求，須對(duì)治癌裝置性能做進(jìn)一步的優(yōu)化。

關(guān)鍵詞：重離子束治癌；照射野均勻性；束流強(qiáng)度穩(wěn)定性；深度劑量分布；Bragg峰

來(lái)源出版物：高能物理與核物理, 2006, 30(9): 920-924

被引頻次：8

用于重離子加速器磁鐵電源的數(shù)字調(diào)節(jié)器設(shè)計(jì)

焦喜香，敬嵐，龍銀東

摘要：介紹了蘭州重離子加速器冷卻儲(chǔ)存環(huán)上采用高級(jí)RISC微處理器（ARM）+現(xiàn)場(chǎng)可編程門(mén)陣列（FPGA）+DA/AD技術(shù)、狀態(tài)空間方程方法實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)磁鐵電源系統(tǒng)數(shù)字調(diào)節(jié)器的設(shè)計(jì)，它可以實(shí)現(xiàn)5階及以下各階的調(diào)節(jié)控制。運(yùn)用ARM作為調(diào)節(jié)控制系統(tǒng)的核心處理器，完成系統(tǒng)的多線程任務(wù)處理。電源的精度調(diào)節(jié)通過(guò) FPGA和DA/AD相結(jié)合的技術(shù)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)，通過(guò)千兆光纖接口實(shí)現(xiàn)外接數(shù)字信號(hào)處理器輸入信號(hào)的直接傳輸。同時(shí)通過(guò)光電隔離器對(duì)疊加在輸入/輸出32 bit數(shù)字狀態(tài)量的干擾脈沖進(jìn)行抑制。經(jīng)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)測(cè)試該調(diào)節(jié)器達(dá)到了加速器電源系統(tǒng)1×10-4量級(jí)的精度要求，并減少了電源系統(tǒng)的故障恢復(fù)時(shí)間。

關(guān)鍵詞：ARM9；總線控制器；通用計(jì)算機(jī)外圍接口；嵌入式LINUX

來(lái)源出版物：核技術(shù), 2006, 29(10): 791-795

被引頻次：8

光電耦合器的單粒子瞬態(tài)脈沖效應(yīng)研究

封國(guó)強(qiáng)，馬英起，張振龍，等

摘要：利用脈沖激光模擬單粒子效應(yīng)實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置研究光電耦合器HCPL-5231和HP6N134的單粒子瞬態(tài)脈沖（SET）效應(yīng)。實(shí)驗(yàn)獲得了相關(guān)器件的單粒子瞬態(tài)脈沖波形參數(shù)與等效LET的關(guān)系，并甄別出器件SET效應(yīng)的敏感位置，初步分析了SET效應(yīng)產(chǎn)生的機(jī)理。利用脈沖激光測(cè)試了光電耦合器的SET寬度與等效LET的關(guān)系，并嘗試測(cè)試了兩種光電耦合器的SET效應(yīng)的截面，其中，HCPL-5231的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果與其他文獻(xiàn)利用重離子加速器得到的數(shù)據(jù)符合較好，驗(yàn)證了脈沖激光測(cè)試器件單粒子效應(yīng)的有效性。

關(guān)鍵詞：脈沖激光；單粒子瞬態(tài)脈沖；光電耦合器；等效LET

來(lái)源出版物：原子能科學(xué)技術(shù), 2008, 42(B09): 36-40

被引頻次：180

The heavy ion cooler-storage-ring project (HIRFL-CSR) at Lanzhou

Xia, JW; Zhan, WL; Wei, BW; et al.

Abstract: HIRFL-CSR, a new ion Cooler-Storage-Ring(CSR) project, is the post-acceleration system of the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL). It consists of a main ring (CSRm) and an experimental ring (CSRe). From the HIRFL cyclotron system the heavy ions will be accumulated, cooled and accelerated in the CSRm, then extracted fast to produce radioactive ion beams (RIB) or highly charged heavy ions. Those secondary beams will be accepted and stored by the CSRe for many internal-target experiments with electron cooling.

來(lái)源出版物：Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2002, 488(1): 11-25

被引頻次：103

Proposal for the study of thermophysical properties of high-energy-density matter using current and future heavy-ion acceleratorfacilities at GSI Darmstadt

Tahir, NA; Deutsch, C; Fortov, VE; et al.

Abstract: The subject of high-energy-density (HED) states in matter is of considerable importance to numerous branches of basic as well as applied physics. Intense heavyion beams are an excellent tool to create large samples of HED matter in the laboratory with fairly uniform physical conditions. Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, is a unique worldwide laboratory that has a heavy-ion synchrotron, SIS18, that delivers intense beams of energetic heavy ions. Construction of a much more powerful synchrotron, SIS100, at the future international facility for antiprotons and ion research (FAIR) at Darmstadt will lead to an increase in beam intensity by 3 orders of magnitude compared to what is currently available. The purpose of this Letter is to investigate with the help of two-dimensional numerical simulations, the potential of the FAIR to carry out research in the field of HED states in matter.

來(lái)源出版物：Physical Review Letters, 2005, 95(3): 035001

被引頻次：102

Relative biological effectiveness for cell-killing effect on various human cell lines irradiated with heavy-ion medical accelerator in CHIBA (HIMAC) carbon-ion beams

Suzuki, M; Kase, Y; Yamaguchi, H; et al.

Abstract: Purpose: To clarify the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) values of various human cell lines for carbon-ion beams with 2 different linear energy transfer (LET) beams and to investigate the relationship between the cell-killing effect and the biophysical characters, such as the chromosome number and the area of the cell nucleus, using qualitatively different kinds of radiations. Methods and Materials: Sixteen different human cell lines were irradiated with carbon-ion beams, having 2 different LET values (LET(infinity) = 13.3 and approximately 77 keV/μm), accelerated by the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC) at National Institute of Radiological Sciences in Japan. Cell-killing effect was detected as reproductive cell death using a colony-formation assay. The number of chromosomes was observed in a metaphase spread using the conventional method, The area of the cell nucleus was calculated as an ellipse on photographs using a micrometer, Results: The RBE values calculated by the D-10, which is determined as the dose (Gy) required to reduce the surviving fraction to 10%, relative to X-rays, range from 1.06 to 1.33 for 13-keV/μm-beam and from 2.00 to 3.01 for approximate 77-keV/μm-beam irradiation on each cell line, There was a good correlation in the D-10 values of each cell line between X-rays and carbon-ion beams. However, the D-10 values did not clearly depend on either the chromosome number or the area of the cell nuclei. Conclusion: The RBE values for HIMAC carbon-ion beams are consistent with previous reports using carbon-ion beams with the similar LET values, and the cellular radiosensitivity of different cell lines, well correlate among different types of radiation.

關(guān)鍵詞：human cell lines; HIMAC; carbon-ion beams; linear energy transfer (LET); cross section

來(lái)源出版物：International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, 2000, 48(1): 241-250

被引頻次：53

Beam-foil excitation studies of aluminum with aheavy-ion accelerator

Andersen, T; Jessen, Ka; Sorensen, G; et al.

Abstract: A 600-keV heavy-ion accelerator equipped with a universal ion source and a magnet capable of separating masses up to uranium was used for beam-foil studies together with a target chamber constructed to fulfill the demands for ion velocities in the energy range of 60-600 keV. The mean lives for singlets and multiplets of Al I through Al iii in the wavelength range 1700-5000 ? are reported. The evaluated mean lives of the 4s2S and 3d2D states in Al I agree within 10% with earlier experimental results obtained by the phase-shift method and the level-crossing technique.

來(lái)源出版物：Journal of the Optical Society of America,1969, 59(9): 1197-1201

被引頻次：25

Mass separator facility online to heavy-ion accelerator unilac at darmstadt

Burkard, KH; Dumanski, W; Kirchner, R; et al.

Abstract: A mass separator facility to study short-lived nuclides produced in heavy ion reactions is described. The instrument is connected on-line to a target position of the heavy-ion accelarator UNILAC at Darmstadt. Results from first test runs are presented showing the separation of alkali, noble gas and halogen isotopes from 5.9 MeV/nucleon Ar induced reactions with Sc and Y targets.

來(lái)源出版物： Nuclear Instruments and Methods, 1976, 139: 275-280

被引頻次：24

The Toledo heavy-ion accelerator

Haar, RR; Beideck, DJ; Curtis, LJ; et al.

Abstract: The recently installed 330 kV electrostatic positive ion accelerator at the University of Toledo is described. Experiments have been performed using ions ranging from H+to Hg2+and exotic molecules such as HeH+. Most of these experiments involve the beam-foil studies of the lifetimes of excited atomic states and the apparatus used for these experiments is also described. Another beamline is available for ion-implantation. The Toledo heavy ion accelerator facility welcomes outside users.

來(lái)源出版物： Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 1993, 79(1): 746-748

被引頻次：22

First mass measurement of short-lived nuclides at HIRFL-CSR

Xu Hushan; Tu, XL; Yuan, YJ; et al.

Abstract: Recent commissioning of the HIRFL-CSR has demonstrated its ability to perform direct mass measurement for short-lived nuclides. Projectile fragments produced by the Kr-78 ions at 481.88 MeV/u were separated with the new radioactive beam line in Lanzhou (RIBLL2), and injected into and stored in the experimental storage ring (CSRe). By operating the CSRe as an isochronous mass spectrometry, a typical mass resolution around 2.0×10-5has been achieved. The masses for Ge-63, As-65 and Se-67 were measured for the first time. The measured masses are compared with theoretical predictions and the location of the proton drip-line for As isotopes is discussed. The implication of the As-65 mass in the astrophysical rapid proton capture process has also been addressed.

來(lái)源出版物：Chinese Science Bulletin, 2009, 54(24): 4749-4752

被引頻次：20

High Intensity heavy ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF) in China

Yang, JC; Xia, JW; Xiao, GQ; et al.

Abstract: HIAF (High Intensity heavy ion Accelerator Facility), a new facility planned in China for heavy ion related researches, consists of two ion sources, a high intensity Heavy Ion Superconducting Linac (HISCL), a 45 Tm Accumulation and Booster Ring (ABR-45) and a multifunction storage ring system. The key features of HIAF are unprecedented high pulse beam intensity and versatile operation mode. The HIAF project aims to expand nuclear and related researches into presently unreachable region and give scientists possibilities to conduct cutting-edge researches in these fields. The general description of the facility is given in this article with a focus on the accelerator design.

來(lái)源出版物：Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 2013, 317: 263-265

被引頻次：20

Progress in HIRFL-CSR

Zhan, WL; Xu, HS; Xiao, GQ; et al.

Abstract: The HIRFL complex, the commissioning of HIRFL-CSR, and the nuclear physics experiments at HIRFL-CSR are briefly introduced.

來(lái)源出版物：Nuclear Physics A, 2010, 834(1): 694-700

被引頻次：19

Construction of a wien filter heavy-ion accelerator

Jensen, K; Veje, E; et al.

Abstract: A heavy ion accelerator (10-100 keV) with a Wien filter for mass analysis has been constructed. The ion source, the acceleration tube and the focusing device are of conventional construction and therefore discussed briefly, whereas the design of the Wien filter is discussed in more detail.

來(lái)源出版物：Nuclear Instruments and Methods, 1974, 122: 511-515

·推薦論文摘要·

蘭州重離子加速器研究裝置HIRFL

夏佳文，詹文龍，魏寶文，等

摘要：蘭州重離子加速器裝置HIRFL是目前我國(guó)規(guī)模最大、加速離子種類(lèi)最多、能量最高的重離子研究裝置，主要技術(shù)指標(biāo)達(dá)到國(guó)際先進(jìn)水平，是世界上幾個(gè)重要的核物理研究設(shè)施之一。HIRFL由ECR離子源、扇聚焦回旋加速器SFC、分離扇回旋加速器SSC、放射性束流分離線RIBLL1和RIBLL2、冷卻儲(chǔ)存環(huán)主環(huán)CSRm和實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)CSRe等主要設(shè)施組成。HIRFL具有加速全離子的能力，可提供多種類(lèi)、寬能量范圍、高品質(zhì)的穩(wěn)定核束和放射性核束，用以開(kāi)展重離子物理及交叉學(xué)科研究。本文重點(diǎn)介紹了蘭州重離子加速器裝置HIRFL的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀以及取得的系列成果，同時(shí)對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外重離子加速器裝置的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀做了簡(jiǎn)要介紹。

關(guān)鍵詞：重離子加速器；回旋加速器；同步加速器；儲(chǔ)存環(huán)；離子

來(lái)源出版物：科學(xué)通報(bào), 2016 (4): 467-477

HIRFL裝置主動(dòng)式點(diǎn)掃描束流配送系統(tǒng)的Monte Carlo模擬優(yōu)化

閆淵林，劉新國(guó)，付廷巖，等

摘要：為獲得適用于HIRFL裝置主動(dòng)式點(diǎn)掃描束流配送系統(tǒng)配送的碳離子束，利用 Monte Carlo（MC）工具SHIELD-HIT12A研究了配送距離和微型脊形過(guò)濾器結(jié)構(gòu)周期對(duì)治療室等中心處束斑半高寬（FWHM）和劑量平坦度的影響。模擬研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：束流配送距離越短，束斑FWHM越小，但劑量平坦度越差；微型脊形過(guò)濾器結(jié)構(gòu)周期是影響劑量平坦度的關(guān)鍵因素，周期越小，劑量平坦度越好。通過(guò)模擬研究得出：在HIRFL裝置重離子治療終端將真空窗設(shè)置在距等中心距離小于125 cm時(shí)，采用結(jié)構(gòu)周期為2 mm微型脊形過(guò)濾器可以滿足主動(dòng)式點(diǎn)掃描照射對(duì)束斑FWHM和劑量平坦度的要求。

關(guān)鍵詞：束流配送；點(diǎn)掃描；半高寬；劑量平坦度；微型脊形過(guò)濾器

來(lái)源出版物：原子核物理評(píng)論, 2016, 33(1): 105-111

31.02MHz回旋加速器諧振腔Dee電壓的標(biāo)定

金鵬，王賢武，田瑞霞，等

摘要：中國(guó)科學(xué)院近代物理研究所醫(yī)用重離子加速器（HIMM）高頻系統(tǒng)31.02 MHz回旋加速器諧振腔已完成設(shè)計(jì)加工和腔體的老煉，并投入正常運(yùn)行。高頻腔體的設(shè)計(jì)峰值Dee電壓要求達(dá)到70 kV，但是Dee電壓準(zhǔn)確計(jì)算比較困難，可以通過(guò)CST仿真軟件對(duì)腔體進(jìn)行模擬得到高頻腔體的RP/Q0值，結(jié)合輸入到腔體的實(shí)際功率，計(jì)算出腔體的實(shí)際電壓值。為了驗(yàn)證Dee電壓的準(zhǔn)確性，在相同的腔體輸入功率條件下，利用韌致輻射法測(cè)量腔體電壓，測(cè)量結(jié)果與計(jì)算結(jié)果誤差在0.6%以內(nèi)。

關(guān)鍵詞：回旋加速器；品質(zhì)因數(shù)；Dee電壓；分路阻抗；韌致輻射法

來(lái)源出版物：原子核物理評(píng)論, 2015, 32(3): 301-305

CSRm束流準(zhǔn)直器模型腔設(shè)計(jì)

李朋，原有進(jìn)，楊建成，等

摘要：目前國(guó)際上的強(qiáng)流重離子加速器通常在機(jī)器中安裝鍍有低解吸率材料的束流準(zhǔn)直器用于阻擋由于電荷態(tài)變化而損失的離子，降低解吸出的粒子數(shù)以維持真空系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定。本文計(jì)劃在現(xiàn)有的加速器冷卻儲(chǔ)存環(huán)主環(huán)（CSRm）上開(kāi)展準(zhǔn)直器模型腔測(cè)試、真空解吸率測(cè)量方面的研究。首先將介紹在CSRm上開(kāi)展準(zhǔn)直器系統(tǒng)研究的意義，其次根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)室開(kāi)發(fā)的損失率模擬計(jì)算軟件確定準(zhǔn)直器模型腔的安裝位置，對(duì)安裝位置中的真空設(shè)備進(jìn)行了描述。隨后重點(diǎn)闡述了CSRm準(zhǔn)直器模型腔的硬件設(shè)計(jì)、控制系統(tǒng)及將來(lái)的測(cè)試方案。

關(guān)鍵詞：高能強(qiáng)流重離子加速器；束流損失；準(zhǔn)直器；真空材料解吸率

來(lái)源出版物：原子能科學(xué)技術(shù), 2015, 49(z2): 514-517

HIRFL-CSR外靶終端上硅微條探測(cè)器陣列的搭建

汪鵬飛，李占奎，李海霞，等

摘要：硅微條探測(cè)器因具有很強(qiáng)的位置分辨率與能量分辨率而在世界各大核物理實(shí)驗(yàn)室得到廣泛應(yīng)用。中國(guó)科學(xué)院近代物理研究所研制了性能優(yōu)越、位置精度達(dá)到0.5 mm×0.5 mm的雙面硅微條探測(cè)器，用于HIRFL-CSR的外靶實(shí)驗(yàn)終端譜儀（ETF）上，用作徑跡測(cè)量以及△E-E望遠(yuǎn)鏡系統(tǒng)△E的探測(cè)。硅微條探測(cè)器體積小、集成度高，利用柔性印刷電路板（FPCB）引出信號(hào)，配合ASIC芯片的前端電路，能夠方便地給出每一條的能量信息和位置信息。在此詳細(xì)闡述了在HIRFL-CSR的ETF上雙面硅微條探測(cè)器陣列的搭建，并測(cè)量了放射源在真空中探測(cè)單元的能量分辨本領(lǐng)。結(jié)果表明，該硅條探測(cè)器的每個(gè)探測(cè)單元對(duì)5～9 MeV能量的α粒子的能量分辨率在1%左右。

關(guān)鍵詞：硅微條探測(cè)器陣列；前端 ASIC；柔性印刷電路板；能量分辨率

來(lái)源出版物：原子核物理評(píng)論, 2014, 31(1): 63-68

嵌入式數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)MySQL在蘭州重離子加速器數(shù)字化電源上的應(yīng)用

吳光華，閆懷海，陳又新，等

摘要：高精度數(shù)字電源對(duì)提高現(xiàn)代加速器的性能指標(biāo)、運(yùn)行效率等至關(guān)重要，國(guó)內(nèi)加速器高精度數(shù)字電源研究起步較晚，加速器數(shù)字電源的研究仍然在不斷地研究、完善過(guò)程中。本文介紹了嵌入式數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)MySQL在蘭州重離子加速器電源系統(tǒng)數(shù)字化電源實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用，MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)在蘭州重離子加速器數(shù)字化電源監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的工作原理，描述了在Linux環(huán)境下電源運(yùn)行記錄在MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中的儲(chǔ)存設(shè)計(jì)和實(shí)現(xiàn)。通過(guò)實(shí)際應(yīng)用，實(shí)現(xiàn)了數(shù)字化電源實(shí)時(shí)運(yùn)行數(shù)據(jù)監(jiān)測(cè)、采集、存儲(chǔ)和查詢等功能。

關(guān)鍵詞：嵌入式；數(shù)字電源；MySQL

來(lái)源出版物：核技術(shù), 2014, 37(05): 1-5

重離子加速器同步定時(shí)觸發(fā)系統(tǒng)的實(shí)現(xiàn)

趙江，陳又新，黃玉珍，等

摘要：同步定時(shí)觸發(fā)系統(tǒng)是重離子同步加速器的控制核心，控制磁場(chǎng)電源對(duì)帶電離子束進(jìn)行同步加速，其對(duì)可靠性和定時(shí)精度要求高。在重離子治癌、材料輻照等領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展中，為了滿足這些領(lǐng)域?qū)χ仉x子同步加速器小型化的需求，本文以NIOSII為核心處理器，結(jié)合FPGA上的可編程片上系統(tǒng)（SOPC），實(shí)現(xiàn)了一種基于可編程硬件的同步定時(shí)觸發(fā)系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)可控制延時(shí)精度，且使用靈活、可靠，易升級(jí)，向小型化的同步加速器及重離子治癌等應(yīng)用工程提供了切實(shí)可行的方案。

關(guān)鍵詞：重離子；治癌；加速器；定時(shí)系統(tǒng)；FPGA

來(lái)源出版物：原子能科學(xué)技術(shù), 2014, 48(10): 1899-1903

HIRFL-CSR故障診斷報(bào)警電路設(shè)計(jì)

周德泰，王彥瑜，李運(yùn)杰，等

摘要：針對(duì)蘭州重離子加速器冷卻儲(chǔ)存環(huán)（HIRFL-CSR）復(fù)雜的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)環(huán)境和對(duì)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)故障精確檢測(cè)報(bào)警的迫切需求，以TI公司的MSP430混合信號(hào)處理器為核心，采用負(fù)反饋電路穩(wěn)定工作點(diǎn)，并結(jié)合RS-485現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線技術(shù)完成了故障診斷報(bào)警電路的設(shè)計(jì)。結(jié)果表明：該診斷報(bào)警電路具有穩(wěn)定性好、靈敏度高、耗電量小、價(jià)格低、使用方便、定位精確的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，適合各種復(fù)雜的工作環(huán)境，可廣泛應(yīng)用于開(kāi)關(guān)量診斷報(bào)警?，F(xiàn)已成功應(yīng)用于HIRFLCSR漏水檢測(cè)報(bào)警系統(tǒng)中。

關(guān)鍵詞：MSP430；現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線；負(fù)反饋；故障診斷；漏水檢測(cè)

來(lái)源出版物：原子核物理評(píng)論, 2014, 31(1): 48-52

Beam transport experiment with a new kicker control system on the HIRFL

Wang, YY; Zhou, DT; Luo, JF; et al.

Abstract: The Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL). To meet the requirements of special physics experiments, the kicker controller has been upgraded, with a new controller designed based on ARM+DSP+FPGA technology and monolithic circuit architecture, which can achieve a precision time delay of 2.5 ns. In September 2014, the new kicker control system was installed in the kicker field, and the test experiment using the system was completed. In addition, a pre-trigger signal was provided by the controller, which was designed to synchronize the beam diagnostic system and physics experiments. Experimental results indicate that the phenomena of“missed kick” and “inefficient kick” were not observed, and the multichannel trigger signal delay could be adjusted individually for kick power supplies in digitization; thus, the beam transport efficiency was improved compared with that of the original system. The fast extraction and injection experiment was successfully completed based on the new kicker control systems for HIRFL.

關(guān)鍵詞：CSR; beam bunch; kicker; trigger; delay time

來(lái)源出版物：Chinese Physics C, 2015, 40(4): 047003

聯(lián)系郵箱：Wang, YY; yanyu@impcas.ac.cn

Lattice design and beam dynamics studies of the high energy beam transport line in the RAON heavy ion accelerator

Jin, H; Jang, JH; Jang, H; et al.

Abstract: In RAON heavy ion accelerator, beams generated by superconducting electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECR-IS) or Isotope Separation On-Line (ISOL) system are accelerated by lower energy superconducting linac and high energy superconducting linac. The accelerated beams are used in the high energy experimental hall which includes bin-medical and muon-SR facilities, after passing through the high energy beam transport lines. At the targets of those two facilities, the stable and small beams meeting the requirements rigorously are required inthe transverse plane. Therefore the beams must be safely sent to the targets and simultaneously satisfy the two requirements, the achromatic condition and the mid-plane symmetric condition, of the targets. For this reason, the lattice design of the high energy beam transport lines in which the long deflecting sections are included is considered as a significant issue in the RAON accelerator. In this paper, we will describe the calculated beam optics satisfying the conditions and present the result of particle tracking simulations with the designed lattice of the high energy beam transport lines in the RAON accelerator. Also the orbit distortion caused by the machine imperfections and the orbit correction with correctors will be discussed.

關(guān)鍵詞：Rare Isotope Science Project (RISP); RAON heavy ion accelerator

來(lái)源出版物：Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2015, 802: 67-75

聯(lián)系郵箱：Jin, H ; hcjin@ibs.re.kr

Simulations of the isochronous mass spectrometry at the HIRFL-CSR

Chen, RJ; Yuan, YJ; Wang, M; et al.

Abstract: A Monte-Carlo simulation code, named as SimCSR, has been developed for the isochronous mass spectrometry experiments in the experimental storage ring (CSRe). The revolution times of the fragments ions stored in the CSRe, which were produced in the fragmentation of Ni-58 primary beam are reproduced very well by the SimCSR, although only linear components are considered. The standard deviation of the revolution time is found to be strongly affected by the phase slip factor, the width of the relative momentum difference and the instability of magnetic field. Based on the simulations, we outline and discuss the methods to reduce the standard deviation of the revolution time.

關(guān)鍵詞：storage ring; exotic nuclei; isochronous mass spectrometry (IMS); beteron motion; revolution time

來(lái)源出版物：Physica Scripta, 2015, 2015(T166): 014044

聯(lián)系郵箱：Chen, RJ; yuanyj@impcas.ac.cn

Neutron time-of-flight spectrometer based on HIRFL for studies of spallation reactions related to ADS project

Zhang, S; Chen, ZQ; Han, R; et al.

Abstract: A Neutron Time-of-Flight (NTOF) spectrometer, based at the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL) was developed for studies of neutron production of proton induced spallation reactions related to the ADS project. After the presentation of comparisons between calculated spallation neutron production double-differential cross sections and the available experimental data, a detailed description of the NTOF spectrometer is given. Test beam results show that the spectrometer works well and data analysis procedures are established. The comparisons of the test beam neutron spectra with those of GEANT4 simulations are presented.

關(guān)鍵詞：time-of-flight spectrometer; neutron production cross section; spallation reaction; ADS project; GEANT4

來(lái)源出版物：Nuclear Science and Techniques, 2015, 26(3): 82-85

聯(lián)系郵箱：Chen, ZQ; zqchen@impcas.ac.cn

Development of a low-energy beam transport system at KBSIheavy-ion accelerator

Bahng, J; Lee, BS; Sato, Y; et al.

Abstract: The Korea Basic Science Institute has developed a heavy ion accelerator for fast neutron radiography To meet the requirements for fast neutron generation, we have developed an accelerator system that consists of an electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECR-IS), low energy beam transport (LEBT) system, radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ), medium energy beam transport system, and drift tube linac. In this paper, we present the development of the LEBT system as a part of the heavy ion accelerator system, which operates from the ECR-IS to the RFQ entrance.

關(guān)鍵詞：low-energy beam transport; heavy-ion accelerator; beam tracking; emittance

來(lái)源出版物：Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2015, 769: 9-15

聯(lián)系郵箱：Won, MS; mswon@kbsi.re.kr

Isochronicity corrections for isochronous mass measurements at the HIRFL-CSRe

Gao, X; Yuan, YJ; Yang, JC; et al.

Abstract: Isochronous Mass Spectrometry (IMS) is a unique experimental method for mass measurement experiments on short-lived nuclei. Mass measurements of Kr-78 projectile fragments were performed in HIRFLCSRe at the Institute of Modern Physics (IMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences. The short-lived secondary beams were produced by bombarding a 15 mm thick beryllium target in the Radioactive Ion Beam Line (RIBLL2) and were then injected into the CSRe storage ring. The masses of stored ions were measured by employing the IMStechnique, which is based on the determination of the ion revolution Limes. A dedicated time-of-flight. (TOP) defector is used for the latter purpose. However, the isochronicity, and thus the mass resolving power, depends on the momentum spread and the transverse ernittance of the injected beams. Here, we present. the first order isochronicity optimization, the chromaticity and second order isochronicity corrections through the modification of the quadrupole and sextupole field strengths. With the help of these corrections, the mass resolution of Delta m/m = 10-6can be achieved.

關(guān)鍵詞：isochronous mass measurement; sextupoles correction; second-order isochronicity

來(lái)源出版物：Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2014, 763: 53-57

Irradiation response of ODS ferritic steels to high-energy Ne ions at HIRFL

Zhang, CH; Yang, YT; Song, Y; et al.

Abstract: Two kinds of ODS high-Cr ferritic steels (commercial MA956 and an Al-free 16Cr-0.1Ti ODS ferritic steel) and one conventional ferritic/martensitic steel (T122) were irradiated at about 440 degrees C with high-energy Ne-20-ions in HIRFL. Successively increasing doses from 350 to 900 appm of Ne concentration, corresponding to atomic displacement levels from 0.7 to 1.8 dpa, were approached. A nearly uniform distribution of Ne concentration and atomic displacement damage was produced through the thickness of 60 mu m of the specimens by using an energy degrader. Mechanical properties of the specimens were tested with the small-ball punch technique. The test at room temperature shows a less significant ductility loss in the ODS ferritic steel MA956 than in the T122 irradiated to the same dose of 350 appm Ne/0.7 dpa. The test at 500 degrees C shows that the Al-free 16Cr-0.1Ti ODS ferritic steel does not exhibit observable loss of ductility even to the highest dose level (900 appm Ne/1.8 dpa). An investigation with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) shows that voids with a diameter up to 70 nm were formed at grain boundaries in the conventional ferritic/martensitic steel T122 while only smaller bubbles were formed at the oxides/substrate interfaces in the ODS ferritic steel MA956. Mechanisms underlying the difference of irradiation response of the steels are discussed.

來(lái)源出版物：Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2014, 455(1): 61-67

聯(lián)系郵箱：Zhang, CH; c.h.zhang@impcas.ac.cn

Upgrade of a kicker control system for the HIRFL

Wang, YY; Zhou, WX; Luo, JF; et al.

Abstract: A kicker system plays an important role in beam extraction and injection for a ring-like accelerator. The kicker system in the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL) is used for beam extraction and injection between two cooling storage rings (CSRs). The system consists of two parts: one part is used for beam extraction from the CSR/main (CSRm), and the other is used for beam injection into the CSR/experimental (CSRe). To meet the requirements of special physics experiments, we upgraded the kicker control system. In this upgraded system, the position of the beam bunches can be determined by measuring the phase of the radio frequency (RF) signal in real time because each beam bunch is synchronized with the RF signal. The digital timing control and delay regulatory function, which are based on a new design using ARM + DSP + FPGA technology, achieved a precision of 2.5 ns, which is a significant improvement over old system’s precision of 5 ns. In addition, this system exhibits a better anti-interference capability. Moreover, the efficiency of beam extraction can be enhanced, and the accuracy of the reference voltage setting can reach as low as 0.1%, compared to 2% for the old system.

關(guān)鍵詞：HIRFL; kicker control system; timing; FPGA

來(lái)源出版物：Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2014, 738: 50-53

聯(lián)系郵箱：Wang, YY ; yanyu@impcas.ac.cn

Prototype studies on the forward MWDC tracking array of the external target experiment at HIRFL-CSR

Yi, H; Zhang, Z ; Xiao, ZG ; et al.

Abstract: A prototype of the forward tracking array consisting of three multiwire drift chambers (MWDC) for the external target experiment (CEE) at the Heavy Ion Research Facility at the Lanzhou-Cooling Storage Ring (HIRFL-CSR) has been assembled and tested using cosmic rays. The signals from the anode wires are amplified and fed to a Flash-ADC to deliver the drift time and charge integration. The performances of the array prototype are investigated under various high voltages. For the tracking performances, after the space-time relation (STR) calibration and the detector displacement correction, the standard deviation of 223 μm of the residue is obtained. The performances of the forward MWDCs tracking array meets the requirements of CEE in design.

關(guān)鍵詞：external target experiment; multiwire drift chamber; flash-ADC; tracking

來(lái)源出版物：Chinese Physics C, 2014, 2014 (12): 39-43

聯(lián)系郵箱：Yi, H; xiaozg@tsinghua.edu.cn

High Intensity heavy ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF) in China

Yang, JC; Xia, JW; Xiao, GQ; et al.

Abstract: HIAF (High Intensity heavy ion Accelerator Facility), a new facility planned in China for heavy ion related researches, consists of two ion sources, a high intensity Heavy Ion Superconducting Linac (HISCL), a 45 Tm Accumulation and Booster Ring (ABR-45) and a multifunction storage ring system. The key features of HIAF are unprecedented high pulse beam intensity and versatile operation mode. The HIAF project aims to expand nuclear and related researches into presently unreachable region and give scientists possibilities to conduct cutting-edge researches in these fields. The general description of the facility is given in this article with a focus on the accelerator design.

關(guān)鍵詞：high intensity; heavy ion; storage ring; HIAF

來(lái)源出版物：Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 2013, 317: 263-265

A method for the measurement of elastic scattering angular distribution at HIRFL-RIBLL

Yang, YY; Wang, JS; Wang, Q; et al.

Abstract: A method is presented for the measurement of differential cross-sections of heavy ion elastic scattering induced by Radioactive Ion Beams (RIBs) on the Radioactive Ion Beam Line in Lanzhou (RIBLL) at the Heavy-Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL). The disadvantages of broad beam profiles and limited intensities of the RIBs were overcome using large area detectors, two Parallel-Plate Avalanche Counters (PPACs), two doublesided silicon strip detector (DSSD) telescopes, incorporated with Monte Carlo simulations. The PPACs were used to determine the direction and position of the beam particles. The DSSD telescopes were used to measure scattered particles. Small corrections for the misalignment of detectors and the data normalization were made by assuming the pure Rutherford scattering at very forward angles. The method is suitable for the measurement of the cross-sections on heavy targets at low and intermediate energies, and it has been successfully applied to measure the angular distribution of elastic scattering of Be-7 on Pb target at E-lab = 17.9 MeV/u.

關(guān)鍵詞：elastic scattering; radioactive ion beams; monte carlo simulation

來(lái)源出版物：Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2013, 701: 1-6

聯(lián)系郵箱：Wang, JS; jswang@impcas.ac.cn

Conceptional design of a heavy ion linac injector for HIRFL-CSRm

Zhang, XH; Yuan, YJ; Xia, JW; et al.

Abstract: A room temperature heavy ion linac has been proposed as a new injector of the main Cooler Storage Ring (CSRm) at the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL), which is expected to improve the performance of HIRFL. The linac injector can supply heavy ions with a maximum mass to charge ratio of 7 and an injection kinetic energy of 7.272 MeV/u for CSRm; the pulsed beam intensity is 3 emA with the duty factor of 3%. Compared with the present cyclotron injector, the Sector Focusing Cyclotron (SFC), the beam current from linac can be improved by 10 100 times. As the pre-accelerator of the linac, the 108.48 MHz 4-rod Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) accelerates the ion beam from 4 keV/u to 300 keV/u, which achieves the transmission efficiency of 95.3% with a 3.07 m long vane. The phase advance has been taken into account in the analysis of the error tolerance, and parametric resonances have been carefully avoided by adjusting the structure parameters. Kombinierte Null Grad Struktur Interdigital H-mode Drift Tube Linacs (KONUS IH-DTLs), which follow the RFQ, accelerate ions up to the energy of 7.272 MeV/u for CSRm. The resonance frequency is 108.48 MHz for the first two cavities and 216.96 MHz for the last 5 Drift Tube Linacs (DTLs). The maximum accelerating gradient can reach 4.95 MV/m in a DTL section with the length of 17.066 m, and the total pulsed RF power is 2.8 MW. A new strategy, for the determination of resonance frequency, RFQ vane voltage and DTL effective accelerating voltage, is described in detail. The beam dynamics design of the linac will be presented in this paper.

關(guān)鍵詞：linac injector; heavy ion; RFQ; parametric resonances; KONUS; IH-DTL; new strategy

來(lái)源出版物：Chinese Physics C, 2014 (10): 74-81

聯(lián)系郵箱：Zhang, XH; zhangxiaohu@impcas.ac.cn

編輯：王微

After a discussion of beam properties for heavy ion nuclear research, present possibilities of using conventional accelerating systems are described. The present status of future developments, new ion sources, superconducting accelerator structures and collective acceleration, is reviewed.

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Heavy ion accelerators of the future

Blann, M