建筑師：超級檸檬工作室

Architects: SuperLim?o Studio

再利用獎：馬里利亞辦公樓，圣保羅，巴西

Category Winner in Re-Use: Marília Project， S?o Paulo， Brazil， 2013

建筑師：超級檸檬工作室

Architects: SuperLim?o Studio

這座建筑坐落于距離圣保羅人大道不遠(yuǎn)的歷史地塊。與所在區(qū)域內(nèi)其他的大戶住宅相比，它在尺度和比例上顯得頗為謙遜，卻具有豐富的細(xì)部。在它將近百年的歷史歲月中，這座老房子已然經(jīng)歷了多次改造。

它是在這個如今滿是高樓大廈、玻璃塔樓的街區(qū)中一個渺小的幸存者?；谶@個原因，我們決定保留這座老房子。為了使原初內(nèi)部以小隔間劃分的老房子適應(yīng)新的商業(yè)用途，我們決定將空間進(jìn)行整合，生成能夠根據(jù)客戶需求而關(guān)閉的大空間，提供高度的靈活性。這種改動帶來了很大的結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)變需求，因此我們也給出了設(shè)計中需要遵循的清晰邏輯：所有的改造都要將新與舊之間的對比明確地呈現(xiàn)出來。

對空間利用率低下的部分進(jìn)行拆除，使得重新建造兩層空間成為可能。這部分建造遵循了新的建筑退線要求，因而產(chǎn)生了金字塔狀的體量分布。這也使得所有的空間擁有了通往寬敞露臺的直接聯(lián)系。

在基礎(chǔ)施工時對地下室進(jìn)行挖掘的過程中，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多精美的大型磚結(jié)構(gòu)基礎(chǔ)。這部分空間容納了水電設(shè)備和電梯機(jī)房的技術(shù)區(qū)，以及一層新的地下使用層。

由于這座砌體結(jié)構(gòu)的老房子年代久遠(yuǎn)，我們選擇建造一個獨(dú)立的外骨骼式鋼結(jié)構(gòu)體系，以將新的荷載直接傳遞到在老房子下因循而建的新增建筑基礎(chǔ)。依據(jù)墻體各自所在位置的具體情況，采取了不同的修復(fù)技術(shù)，例如錨固式連接外梁。它們起到壓縮墻體的作用，防止不牢固的磚塊四分五裂而倒塌。這是一種在意大利修復(fù)中世紀(jì)建筑時廣泛應(yīng)用的技術(shù)。

除了重新利用幾乎所有現(xiàn)存材料外，所采用的裝配式結(jié)構(gòu)也大量減少了碎料的產(chǎn)生，繼而減少能源消耗與因運(yùn)輸造成的CO2排放。

建筑原有的大片墻體保證了很高的熱惰性，將此特點(diǎn)與交叉通風(fēng)相結(jié)合，便創(chuàng)造出舒適而令人愉悅的室內(nèi)空間。（陳茜 譯）

1　外景/Exterior view2　首層平面/Floor 0 plan3　磚墻/Brick wall4　入口/Entrance5　內(nèi)景/Interior view6　縱剖面/Longitudinal section

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client: Marcos Salotto

設(shè)計團(tuán)隊(duì)/Design Team: Lula Gouveia， ThiagoRodrigues，Antonio Carlos Figueira de Mello， Sergio Cabral （SuperLim?o Studio）

合作方/Collaborators: JanZiober， Luiz Felipe Saes， Marcelo Rebelo， Luciana Uras

結(jié)構(gòu)支持/Structural Reinforcement: SuperLim?o Studio and Ricardo Zulkes

鋼結(jié)構(gòu)/Steel Structure: ExataEngenharia

加建結(jié)構(gòu)/Additional Projects: Dlameza Engenharia de Projetos

建造與項(xiàng)目管理/Construction and Management: SuperLim?o Studio

混凝土地面/Concrete Floor: Concresteel

木工/Joinery: Marcenaria Baru and MarcenariaImagil

木材修復(fù)/Wood Restoration: Guri Restauros

砌塊、鋪地與木料修復(fù)/Masonry， Flooring and Joinery Restoration: Antonio Rosendio Amorim

建筑用途/Building's Purpose: 辦公空間/Office space

建筑面積/Usable Floor Area: 450m2

磚材類型/Brick Type: 當(dāng)?shù)卮u材再利用/Re-used bricks from the area

建造周期/Construction Period: 2010.02 – 2013.12

攝影/Photos: Maíra Acayaba

The history of this house， located a few meters from Paulista Avenue. Modest in proportions compared to the big houses in the region however rich in details， it has undergone for several reforms over its almost one century of existence.

A small survivor in the region where today is impregnated of high towers with glass facades. Because we decided to maintain the house to adapt the small-compartmentalized areas of the house to its new commercial purposes， we decided to unify the spaces. Creating large spaces that can be closed according to the client's need， thus giving great flexibility to the space. This changes demanded big structural interventions. Therefore we defined that all the interventions would be explicit to show the contrast between the new and the old.

The demolition of the poorly exploited areas aloud the construction of two floors. These were building respecting the new setbacks， which has created a pyramidal volume. Thus all the spaces have direct access to generous terraces.

During the excavation for the foundations， beautiful foundations made of large bricks were found. This space was tapped as technical area for the electrical and hydraulic installations also the elevator hound house and a new underground floor.

Due to the old age of the house in masonry，it was chosen to create an independent steel structure as an exoskeleton to transfers the new loads direct to the new foundations， which were literally build under the existing house. In cases where the walls were compromised different restoration technics were used， such external beans connecting bolts. They compress the walls and prevent them to collapse like a house of cards. This is a widely used technique in medieval restoration in Italy.

Beyond reuse almost all the existent material，the prefabricated structure reduced dramatically the production of rubble， consequently energetic costs and CO2emission with transportation.

The original large walls guarantee a huge thermal inertia， when it allies with cross ventilation they create a pleasant space.

7　露臺/Terrace

評委評語

約翰·阿里：馬里利亞辦公樓項(xiàng)目在重新利用舊建筑殘余部分來創(chuàng)造嶄新生活環(huán)境的處理上，探尋到了一種出色的解決方式。得益于現(xiàn)存的建筑構(gòu)造，從頭設(shè)計所不可能具有的、非同尋常的自由感受誕生出來。設(shè)計師珍視現(xiàn)存建筑具有的可能性，這表現(xiàn)在不同側(cè)面：舊建筑具有的熱學(xué)性能、溫暖而質(zhì)樸的特征，以及經(jīng)濟(jì)考量。我想以下可能是我們當(dāng)今需要面對的最大挑戰(zhàn)之一：重新利用我們所擁有的東西，從這里出發(fā)，繼而去重新創(chuàng)造我們的新世界。令人欣賞的是這個項(xiàng)目對更廣泛的周圍環(huán)境產(chǎn)生影響的方式。磚是作為現(xiàn)有部分被保留下來的，因此他們增加的僅僅是輕質(zhì)材料。借助這種方式，新與舊的并置以一種自由、美觀、充滿幽默感的新式樣呈現(xiàn)出來。它甚至將周圍的巨構(gòu)塔樓都變得溫馨美好起來。（陳茜 譯）

Jury Statement

Johan Anrys: The Marília Project has found a beautiful way of reusing the remnants of an old building to create a generous new living environment.Thanks to the existing fabric， extraordinary freedoms were found that would not have been possible when building from scratch. The designers valued the potential of the existing building， its different aspects: the thermal capacity an old building has， its warm and rustic character and the economic aspect. I think this is one of the big challenges that we have to face， the reuse of what we have and， from there， the reinvention of our new world. What is nice is how the project affects even the broader environment. Brick is the existing part that has been kept， so what they added was only light material. This way， the old and new come together in a very free， beautiful new style full of humour. It makes even the huge tower buildings around it warmer and better.

評論

張雷：項(xiàng)目的改造對象是一個始建于1915年的磚砌住宅，在此后的近百年間經(jīng)歷了多次改造，而紅磚的砌筑部分在設(shè)計者看來是其多重歷史記憶的重要載體。歷史是過去，也是現(xiàn)在和未來。建筑的時間軸線被設(shè)計透明性的視覺要素和組織邏輯有意地展現(xiàn)和延續(xù)。由于功能性的需求，游離、鑲嵌或是覆蓋在磚墻之外新的圍護(hù)構(gòu)件，無一例外地采用純凈而透明的工業(yè)化形式，包括精心排列的設(shè)備管線。新建的部分與磚墻保持清晰的層疊關(guān)系，呈現(xiàn)出“過去”與“現(xiàn)在”，“前景”與“背景”在視覺上的辯證關(guān)系。透明的時間邏輯，在建筑師的對結(jié)構(gòu)體系的重構(gòu)過程中，得到更加抽象隱秘的演繹。成為沉重主體的鋼構(gòu)架，在視覺上卻讓位于保留的磚砌部分。

Comments

ZHANG Lei: The renovation object of the project was a brick house built in 1915. In the next 100 years or so，it underwent several transformations. The red brick masonry of the building， in designerss eyes， appeared to be an important carrier of the multiple historic memories about it. History might be the past， the present or even the future. The timeline of architecture is designed to be transparent in accordance with visual elements and organizational logic， with intentional exhibition and continuity. Owing to functional requirements， the dissociated，embedded or covered enveloping components on the external part of the brick wall， unexceptionally，are designed in pure and transparent industrial form，including carefully-arranged equipment pipelines. The overlaps between the newly built part and the brick wall are maintained to show the dialectical visual relationship between "the past" and "the present"， as well as "the foreground" and "the background". In restructuring the building， the architects obtained a deduced time logic of transparency in a more abstract and secret way. The result is a heavy steel-framed volume， visually giving way to remained masonry part.

朵寧：這個案例是一個舊建筑再利用塑造新型空間結(jié)構(gòu)的范例。設(shè)計者在原有磚墻和新建結(jié)構(gòu)之間建立了清晰的關(guān)系，而兩者交錯造成的空間多樣性也令人贊嘆。最為人稱道的是，項(xiàng)目的完成外觀具有一種城市風(fēng)貌的自發(fā)性：分離的結(jié)構(gòu)、逐層的退臺和外置的設(shè)備賦予了這個辦公建筑一種業(yè)主自主建設(shè)的無秩序感。這種貌似野生的活力和精密推敲的控制形成對比，最終達(dá)到一種富于張力的平衡感。

DUO Ning: The case is an exemplar that recycles an old building to form a new type of spatial structure. The designer has established a clear relationship between the original brick walls and the new structure，the intersection of which has created the impressive spatial diversity. The most remarkable point lies in the completed appearance of the project as a spontaneous urban scene， i.e. a separate structure， cascaded terrains and external equipments provide the office building with a sense of disorder for the owner to independently build. Such seemingly wild vitality， in a contrast with the precision of control， has ultimately achieved a sense of balance full of tension.

8　內(nèi)景/Interior view　9　相互交織的新舊材料/Old and new materials joining together