張俊敏,劉開培,汪 立,陳文娟
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基于乘法窗函數(shù)的插值FFT的諧波分析方法
張俊敏1,劉開培2,汪 立3,陳文娟2
(1.中南民族大學計算機科學學院,湖北 武漢 430074;2.武漢大學電氣工程學院,湖北 武漢 430072;3.國網(wǎng)天津市電力公司,天津 300000)
針對常規(guī)加窗插值算法在使用過程中會出現(xiàn)不滿足要求的情況,提出了一種新的乘法窗函數(shù)構造方法。以三種常規(guī)窗函數(shù)為例構造出九種乘法窗函數(shù),并驗證了基于這些乘法窗函數(shù)的三譜線插值FFT的諧波高精度分析方法。分析了新的窗函數(shù)的性能,將新窗函數(shù)應用到三插值FFT的諧波分析算法當中。仿真實驗表明,構造出的窗函數(shù)在10個周期左右數(shù)據(jù)和5階擬合條件下,相比于常規(guī)窗函數(shù)插值算法有更高的準確度。在實際工程中可根據(jù)需要選擇所構造的窗函數(shù)。
諧波分析;窗函數(shù);快速傅里葉變換;乘法;頻譜泄露
針對電力系統(tǒng)諧波問題一方面惡化電能質量[1],另一方面對電網(wǎng)的安全穩(wěn)定和經(jīng)濟運行也造成較大影響[1]。因此,對系統(tǒng)中諧波參數(shù)的高精度測量將有利于電能質量的評估,同時對于減少諧波危害,維護電網(wǎng)安全穩(wěn)定、高效運行也是十分必要的[2]。
加窗傅里葉變換插值分析諧波是目前比較成熟的算法[3-4]。常用窗函數(shù)如漢寧(Hanning)窗[5]、布萊克曼(Blackman)窗[6]、布萊克曼漢斯(Blackman- Harris)窗函數(shù)[7]、納托爾(Nuttall)窗函數(shù)[8]、萊夫文森特(Rife-Vincent)窗函數(shù)[9]以及各種組合窗[10-15]。在插值算法中,D. Agrez 和龐浩等人各自提出了雙譜線的修正算法[4,16],Wu Jing、牛勝鎖和黃冬梅等人提出了三譜線[17-21]修正算法。這些改進降低了頻譜泄漏和柵欄效應的影響,提高了諧波分析的準確性。然而在工程實際使用中,常用窗函數(shù)插值算法仍然不能滿足高精度的諧波分析要求。
本文提出了一種乘法窗的構成方法,將三種常規(guī)窗函數(shù)進行乘法運算構成不同種類的乘法窗函數(shù),利用基于這些乘法窗三譜線插值FFT的諧波分析方法進行電力系統(tǒng)諧波分析。仿真結果表明,該構造出的窗函數(shù)相對于常規(guī)窗函數(shù)插值算法,有更高的準確度,實現(xiàn)了諧波的高精度測量。
乘法窗函數(shù)的通用公式是由多個窗函數(shù)乘積產(chǎn)生的,乘法窗的通用公式為
如表1所示,以Hanning窗,Blackman窗,Blackharris窗為例,給出乘法窗函數(shù)的構造模式及其特性參數(shù)。為方便書寫做以下簡寫: Hanning→Hn,Blackman→Bm,Blackharris→Bh。同時考慮到計算量問題,乘法窗函數(shù)的階次不宜過高,在此限定,那么每種窗函數(shù)的子階次可能的取值為:0、1、2、3。
(300)、(030)、(003)這三種組合窗函數(shù)屬于自乘法窗函數(shù),其他6種屬于互乘法窗函數(shù)。
表1 基于常規(guī)函數(shù)的乘法窗函數(shù)
對信號進行加窗后,可以得到:
離散傅里葉變換后得到:
(3)
另記:
根據(jù)式(4)和式(5)可以得到:
(6)
信號幅值,根據(jù)式(4)可知:
(9)
類似式(7)的逼近方法,當比較大,窗函數(shù)系數(shù)為實系數(shù),式(10)可表示為:,為偶函數(shù),逼近多項式不含奇次項。三譜線修正逼近多項式如下:
(11)
根據(jù)式(4)還可以得出信號的相位:
根據(jù)式(6)、式(7)、式(9)、式(11)、式(12)即可進行各次諧波參數(shù)的分析??紤]到其中大量窗函數(shù)的離散傅里葉分析,其表達式為
(13)
為了驗證所提算法的精度,進行10次諧波仿真分析。信號模型為
對如表2所示的信號進行加窗FFT三插值諧波分析,窗函數(shù)如表1所示。以下研究不同乘法窗函數(shù)對檢測精度的影響,修正算法中的擬合多項式次數(shù)均取5次,擬合次數(shù)低,擬合系數(shù)的個數(shù)比較少。
算法流程圖在文獻中均有詳細說明,此處不予贅述。
由表3~表5的仿真結果可以看出,本文構造的乘法窗函數(shù)插值FFT計算方法,計算結果普遍好于采用普通窗函數(shù)插值算法。所用修正公式階次為5次,階次較低,節(jié)約了計算量。
表2 諧波信號參數(shù)
表3 乘法窗頻率測量相對誤差
表4 乘法窗幅值測量相對誤差
表5 乘法窗相位測量相對誤差
利用FFT進行諧波分析時,通過加窗和插值算法可以減少由于非同步采樣或非整周期截斷所引起的誤差。本文從常規(guī)窗函數(shù)入手,推導出了一種構造的乘法窗函數(shù)插值FFT分析方法。仿真實驗結果表明本文所提出的基于乘法窗函數(shù)的算法的總體精度比基于常規(guī)窗函數(shù)諧波檢測的計算精度更高,具有較高的實用價值。在實際使用中可根據(jù)仿真結果來選擇合適的乘法窗函數(shù)。
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(編輯 姜新麗)
An algorithm for harmonic analysis based on multiplication window function
ZHANG Junmin1, LIU Kaipei2, WANG Li3, CHEN Wenjuan2
(1. College of Computer Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China; 2. College of Electrical Engineering, Wuhan 430072, China; 3. State Grid Tianjin Electric Power Company, Tianjin 300000, China)
The conventional interpolation windowed FFT algorithms will have a greater error when the number of the truncation is not enough. For this reason, a new construction method of multiplication window functions is presented to analyze electrical harmonics. Based on three conventional window functions, this paper constructs nine kinds of window functions and verifies an algorithm for harmonic high-precision analysis based on three-spectrum-line interpolation FFT. The performance of new window functions is listed, and the new window function is used for the harmonic analysis algorithm of three interpolation FFT. Simulation experiments show that the algorithms using multiplication windows has higher accuracy than using conventional window functions when the sample number length is about 10 periods and the polynomial is 5 order. In the practical engineering, the constructed window functions can be chosen as required. This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50677048).
harmonic analysis; window function; FFT;multiplication; spectrum leakage
10.7667/PSPC151347
國家自然科學基金項目(50677048)
2015-08-11;
2015-09-30
張俊敏(1977-),女,博士,副教授,主要從事電力系統(tǒng)諧波分析;E-mail: 173902815@qq.com 劉開培(1962-),男,博士,教授,博士生導師,主要從事電能質量相關分析處理;E-mail: kpliu@whu.edu.cn 汪 立(1990-),男,碩士,研究方向為窗函數(shù)插值算法。E-mail: 417197078@qq.com