王 標(biāo) 王澤宇 彭 譽(yù) 玉章峰 吳允孚南京醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬蘇州醫(yī)院 蘇州市立醫(yī)院重癥醫(yī)學(xué)科,江蘇蘇州,215001
抑制PTEN在小鼠內(nèi)毒素性肺損傷中的作用
王標(biāo)王澤宇彭譽(yù)玉章峰吳允孚
南京醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬蘇州醫(yī)院 蘇州市立醫(yī)院重癥醫(yī)學(xué)科,江蘇蘇州,215001
目的 探討抑制同源物基因(PTEN)在小鼠內(nèi)毒素(LPS)性急性肺損傷中的作用。方法 C57BL/6小鼠,8~10周齡,隨機(jī)分為4組:對(duì)照組(control組,n=6)、LPS組(n=12)、Wortmannin+LPS組(n=12)和Phen+LPS組(n= 12)。對(duì)照組氣管內(nèi)滴入等體積生理鹽水,Wortmannin+LPS組和Phen+LPS組腹腔注射Wortmannin 0.6 mg/kg和Phen 1.6 μmoL/kg,1 h后氣管內(nèi)滴入LPS 5 mg/kg,LPS組氣管內(nèi)滴入LPS 5 mg/kg。注射脂多糖或生理鹽水后6 h時(shí)處死動(dòng)物,取肺組織,光鏡下觀察病理學(xué)結(jié)果,進(jìn)行肺損傷評(píng)分、肺組織濕重/干重比值(W/D比值),以及肺系數(shù)、肺水含量、肺通透指數(shù)、肺血管通透性、血?dú)夥治鲋笜?biāo)的測(cè)定。結(jié)果Phen+LPS組的肺損傷評(píng)分、肺組織W/D比值、肺系數(shù)、肺水含量、肺通透指數(shù)、PCO2均顯著低于LPS組(P<0.05),但高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。與Wortmannin+LPS組比較,肺損傷評(píng)分、肺組織W/D比值、肺系數(shù)、肺水含量、肺通透指數(shù)、PCO2和病理評(píng)分均顯著降低(P<0.01)。結(jié)論 抑制PTEN可降低肺水腫參數(shù),降低肺血管通透性。
同源物基因PTEN;肺損傷;肺血管通透性
[Abstract]Objective To investigate the role of inhibition of the PTEN in LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice. Methods 42 C57BL/6 mice,aged 8-10 weeks,were randomly divided into four groups as follows:control group(n=6),LPS group(n=12),Phen+LPS group(n=12)and Wortmannin+LPS group(n=12).In control group,the equal volume of normal saline was given via the intratracheal instillation.In Phen+LPS group and Wortmannin+LPS group,Phen 1.6 μmol/kg and Wortmannin 0.6 mg/kg were given respectively by intraperitoneal injection.And 60 min later,lipopo lysaecharide(LPS)5 mg/kg was injected via the intratracheal instillation in Phen+LPS group and Wortmannin+LPS group,while the equal volume of LPS was given in LPS group.The mice were sacrificed at 6 h after LPS or normal saline injection.The lung was immediately removed for microscopic examination and for determination of wet/dry lung weight ratio(W/D ratio),the levels of lung index,lung water,lung penetrating index(LPL)and lung vasopermeability. The arterial blood gas was analysed and the pathological changes of the lung were scored.Results Compared with LPS group,the lung injury scores,W/D ratio,lung index,lung water,lung penetrating,PCO2and pathology score in Phen+ LPS group decreased significantly(P<0.05),but higher than those in control group(P<0.05).Those in Phen+LPS group decreased significantly in comparison with Wortmannin+LPS group(P<0.01).Conclusion Inhibition of the PTEN has protective effects on pulmonary vascular permeability in LPS-induced acute lung injury.
[Key words]PTEN;Acute lung injury;Pulmonary vascular permeability
急性肺損傷(acute lung injury,ALI)是由肺炎性細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)和微血管通透性增加引起的非心源性肺水腫和頑固的低氧血癥[1-3]。磷脂酰肌醇-3羥基激酶(phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase,PI3K)/Akt信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路是一個(gè)促進(jìn)細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)、存活、分化的信號(hào)通路,激活該通路能保護(hù)肺上皮細(xì)胞和緩解肺部炎癥[4-5]。PI3K特異性的抑制劑渥曼青霉素(wortmannin)可破壞由1-磷酸鞘氨醇(Sphingosine-1-phosphate,S1P)產(chǎn)生的增強(qiáng)血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性和減少血管外水分積聚的能力[6]。10號(hào)染色體上缺失的磷酸酶與張力蛋白同源物基因(phosphatase and tensinhomologue deleted from chromosome 10,PTEN)是PI3K/Akt通路主要的負(fù)性調(diào)節(jié)器,從而抑制PI3K/Akt信號(hào)通路[7-9]。Phen是PTEN的特異性抑制劑[10],目前已被廣泛的應(yīng)用于科學(xué)研究。本文通過研究抑制PTEN來探討其在內(nèi)毒素(LPS)誘導(dǎo)ALI中的作用。
1.1一般材料
內(nèi)毒素(LPS,Sigma公司),渥曼青霉素wortman-nin(Sigma公司),phen(Santa Cruz公司),Gem premier 3000型血?dú)夥治鰞x(GE公司),其余試劑均為國(guó)產(chǎn)分析純。
1.2小鼠ALI模型及分組
8~10周齡雌性C57BL/6小鼠42只(購(gòu)自蘇州大學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物中心,動(dòng)物合格證號(hào)SYXK蘇2014-0045),采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為4組:對(duì)照組(control組,n=6),LPS組(n=12),Wortmannin+LPS組(n=12),Phen+LPS組(n=12)。參照文獻(xiàn)[11],采用氣管內(nèi)滴入LPS 5 mg/kg構(gòu)建內(nèi)毒素性急性肺損傷模型,對(duì)照組僅注射等體積生理鹽水,Wortmannin+LPS組和Phen+LPS組,在注射LPS前1 h腹腔注射Wortmannin 0.6 mg/kg和Phen 1.6 μmol/kg。本研究遵循《實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物福利倫理審查指南》,并經(jīng)蘇州市立醫(yī)院實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)。
1.3肺組織病理學(xué)的觀察
在注射后6 h,經(jīng)腹主動(dòng)脈抽動(dòng)脈血0.5 mL行動(dòng)脈血?dú)夥治龊筇幩绖?dòng)物,冷 PBS灌洗3次,清除、吸干表面血漬和水分。取右肺上葉,浸泡于10%中性甲醛溶液中固定,脫水透明后用石蠟包埋制成蠟塊。切成厚5 μm的連續(xù)石蠟切片,經(jīng)蘇木精-伊紅(hematoxylin-eosin,HE)染色,在光鏡下觀察肺組織的病理學(xué)變化。參照文獻(xiàn)[12]介紹的方法進(jìn)行肺損傷評(píng)分,根據(jù)肺泡腔及間隔中性粒細(xì)胞滲出、肺泡間隔增寬、肺泡腔出血、肺泡腔纖維蛋白滲出改變,按程度“無、輕、中、重”分別計(jì)“0、1、2、3分”。取4項(xiàng)評(píng)分之和為肺損傷評(píng)分。每張切片隨機(jī)選取10個(gè)視野進(jìn)行評(píng)分,取平均值。取右肺中葉組織用于測(cè)定肺的濕/干重比值(wet/dry,W/D)。
1.4肺系數(shù)、肺水含量及肺通透指數(shù)測(cè)定
取左肺,計(jì)算肺系數(shù)(lung index):肺濕重/體重× 100。取左肺上葉測(cè)定肺水含量:(肺濕重-肺干重)/肺濕重×100%。取左肺下葉行支氣管肺泡灌洗,用Lowry法收集支氣管肺泡灌洗液(bronchoalveolar lavage fiuid,BALF),取上清液測(cè)蛋白含量,計(jì)算肺通透指數(shù)(lung permeability index,LPI):肺泡灌洗液上清液蛋白含量/血漿蛋白含量。
1.5伊文思藍(lán)(evans blue,EB)肺血管通透性的檢測(cè)
另取C57BL/6小鼠18只,分組后建立肺損傷模型,經(jīng)尾靜脈按20 mg/kg注射EB,30 min后處死小鼠,打開胸腔,充分暴露視野,穿刺右心室進(jìn)入小鼠肺動(dòng)脈,用剪刀剪去左心耳,以10 mL生理鹽水20 cmH2O壓力循環(huán)沖洗肺動(dòng)脈,取兩肺下葉各20 mg,100 mg肺組織配比1 mL甲酰胺進(jìn)行研磨,取得液體放入60℃溫箱溫育18 h,離心取上清液進(jìn)行EB濃度的檢測(cè)。
1.6統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
應(yīng)用SPSS 13.0軟件系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,結(jié)果用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示。組間比較采用單因素方差分析,以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1肺損傷評(píng)分和W/D比值
結(jié)果表明,Phen+LPS組的肺損傷評(píng)分和肺組織W/D比值顯著低于LPS組(P<0.01),但高于對(duì)照組(P<0.01);與Wortmannin+LPS組比較,Phen+LPS組肺損傷評(píng)分和肺組織W/D比值降低 (P<0.01)。見表1。
表1 抑制PTEN對(duì)小鼠肺損傷評(píng)分和肺組織W/D比值的比較(x±s)
2.2肺組織的病理學(xué)變化
顯微鏡下觀察,對(duì)照組肺泡壁完整;LPS組和Wortmannin+LPS組肺泡壁破壞,肺泡及肺間質(zhì)內(nèi)積聚較多水腫液,肺泡腔內(nèi)大量中性粒細(xì)胞滲出,毛細(xì)血管擴(kuò)張出血;Phen+LPS組肺組織病理變化減輕。Phen+LPS組的病理評(píng)分顯著低于LPS組(P<0.01),但高于對(duì)照組(P<0.01)。見圖1。
圖1 肺組織病理表現(xiàn) (HE染色,100×)
2.3肺系數(shù)、肺水含量、肺通透指數(shù)變化
結(jié)果表明,Phen+LPS組的肺系數(shù)、肺水含量、肺通透指數(shù)顯著低于LPS組(P<0.01),但高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05);與Wortmannin+LPS組比較,Phen+LPS組肺系數(shù)、肺水含量、肺通透指數(shù)降低(P<0.01)。見表2。
表2 抑制PTEN對(duì)小鼠肺水腫參數(shù)的影響(x±s)
2.4肺血管通透性變化
根據(jù)單位組織中 EB含量(mg)表示血管通透性大小。結(jié)果表明,Phen+LPS組的EB含量(0.87±0.03)顯著低于LPS組(1.00±0.04)(P<0.01),但高于對(duì)照組(0.84±0.01)(P<0.05);與Wortmannin+LPS組(1.21± 0.04)比較,Phen+LPS組的EB含量降低(P<0.01)。
2.5血?dú)庵笜?biāo)的變化
結(jié)果表明,Phen+LPS組的PO2、pH值顯著高于LPS組(P<0.01),但低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05);PCO2低于LPS組 (P<0.01),但高于對(duì)照組 (P<0.05);與Wortmannin+LPS組比較,Phen+LPS組的PO2、pH值顯著升高(P<0.01),PCO2顯著降低(P<0.01)。見表3。
表3 抑制PTEN對(duì)小鼠血?dú)夥治鰯?shù)值的影響(x±s)
ALI是在嚴(yán)重感染、創(chuàng)傷、休克等非心源性疾病發(fā)病過程中,肺毛細(xì)血管上皮細(xì)胞和肺泡內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞損傷造成的肺彌散功能的嚴(yán)重?fù)p害[1]。
PTEN蛋白是PI3K/Akt通路主要的負(fù)性調(diào)節(jié)器,抑制PI3K/Akt信號(hào)通路,Phen是PTEN的特異性抑制劑[13]。Wortmannin是非ATP競(jìng)爭(zhēng)型P13K抑制劑,與P13K的110 kD催化亞基結(jié)合,特異性抑制P13K的活性,從而阻斷P13K/Akt信號(hào)通路[14-16]。有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)PI3K/Akt信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路是保護(hù)肺上皮細(xì)胞和緩解肺部炎癥的重要通路之一[13],激活該信號(hào)通路能顯著延遲急性肺損傷的開始,導(dǎo)致動(dòng)物存活率升高[17-19]。
本研究參照文獻(xiàn)[11]介紹的方法,氣管內(nèi)滴注LPS 5 mg/kg制備內(nèi)毒素性急性肺損傷模型,結(jié)果表明,LPS組肺損傷評(píng)分和肺組織W/D比值升高,提示急性肺損傷模型制備成功。本實(shí)驗(yàn)以小鼠內(nèi)毒素性肺損傷動(dòng)物模型為基礎(chǔ),分別加入Wortmannin和Phen進(jìn)行干預(yù),發(fā)現(xiàn)Phen+LPS組可明顯減輕內(nèi)毒素性肺損傷的嚴(yán)重程度,使肺毛細(xì)血管通透性及氧合指數(shù)改善。通過小鼠肺組織病理學(xué)變化發(fā)現(xiàn),Phen干預(yù)后肺泡及間質(zhì)內(nèi)水腫液、中性粒細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)程度較LPS組明顯減輕,提示抑制PTEN通過病理變化等對(duì)內(nèi)毒素介導(dǎo)的急性肺損傷發(fā)揮保護(hù)作用。
進(jìn)一步對(duì)比Phen+LPS組和Wortmannin+LPS組的結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),Phen+LPS組的肺損傷評(píng)分、肺組織W/D比值、肺系數(shù)、肺水含量、肺通透指數(shù)、PCO2和病理評(píng)分均較Wortmannin+LPS組顯著降低 (P<0.01),病理結(jié)果亦提示肺泡水腫、炎細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)等肺損傷程度減輕,提示早期 Phen防治內(nèi)毒素性肺損傷效果較Wortmannin好。
Miyoshi等研究表明,肺泡上皮通過PTEN/P13K/ Akt通路能有效地控制肺損傷和肺纖維化的發(fā)展[20]。本實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果與其一致,采用Phen干預(yù)抑制PTEN/ P13K/Akt通路可以減輕內(nèi)毒素所導(dǎo)致的急性肺損傷,降低損傷后的肺血管通透性,其作用機(jī)制可能與增強(qiáng)血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性,減少血管外水分的積聚有關(guān)。
綜上所述,抑制PTEN可減輕內(nèi)毒素性急性肺損傷肺泡水腫、改善毛細(xì)血管的通透性。
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Role of PTEN inhibition in LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice
WANG BiaoWANG ZeyuPENG YuYU ZhangfengWU Yunfu
Department of Critical Care Medicine,Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical UniversitySuzhou Municipal Hospital,Jiangsu Province,Suzhou 215001,China
R563
A
1674-4721(2016)08(b)-0025-04
2016-04-20本文編輯:趙魯楓)
江蘇省蘇州市科教興衛(wèi)工程資助(KJXW2013028)。