李榕濤,馮劍,陳德力,鄭威,劉洋洋
(中國醫(yī)學科學院 北京協(xié)和醫(yī)學院 藥用植物研究所 海南分所,海南 ???570311)
·基礎研究·
蘇木心材的抗炎化學成分研究△
李榕濤,馮劍,陳德力,鄭威,劉洋洋*
(中國醫(yī)學科學院 北京協(xié)和醫(yī)學院 藥用植物研究所 海南分所,海南 ???570311)
目的:研究蘇木心材的抗炎活性成分。方法:采用硅膠、凝膠、反相C-18柱色譜技術對蘇木心材的提取物進行分離純化,用波譜技術進行結構鑒定。結果:從蘇木心材的95%乙醇提取液中分離得到了12個苯酚類化合物,分別鑒定為brazilin(1),braziein(2),caesalpiniaphenol E(3),brazilide(4),protosappanin B(5),protosappanin A(6),protosappanin A dimethyl acetal(7),caesappanin A(8),tectorigenin(9),3-deoxysappanone B(10),caesalpiniaphenol F(11),和3′-deoxy-4-O-methylepisappanol(12),采用LPS誘導的RAW 264.7細胞株建立細胞炎癥反應模型,對所得化合物進行了抗炎活性的考察。結論:化合物8、9的抗炎活性較強,IC50值分別為6.8 μmol·L-1和7.2 μmol·L-1,化合物6具有抗炎活性,IC50值為15.3 μmol·L-1,其他化合物的抗炎活性較弱。
蘇木;苯酚類化合物;抗炎
蘇木為豆科云實屬植物蘇木CaesalpiniasappanLinn.的干燥心材,又名蘇方木,主要分布于我國的廣西、云南、貴州等南部地區(qū)[1]。 蘇木為我國常用中藥,其味甘、咸,性平,具有疏筋通絡、活血散結、鎮(zhèn)靜、祛痰、止痛等功效[2-3]。目前,研究發(fā)現(xiàn),蘇木中含有多種結構特異的苯酚類成分,如蘇木素類[4]、二苯基衍生物類[5]、黃酮類[6]、高異黃酮類[4]、查爾酮類等[4]。這些苯酚類化合物顯現(xiàn)了諸如抗氧化[7]、抗菌[8]、免疫調(diào)節(jié)[9]、抗增殖[10]、抗糖尿病[11]等多種生物活性。為了進一步探討蘇木心材的生物活性,課題組對具有較強抗炎活性的蘇木95%乙醇提取液進行了分離純化,從中得到了12個具有酚羥基類的化合物,brazilin(1),braziein(2),caesalpiniaphenol E(3),brazilide(4),protosappanin B(5),protosappanin A(6),protosappanin A dimethyl acetal(7),caesappanin A(8),tectorigenin(9),3-deoxysappanone B(10),caesalpiniaphenol F(11),3′-deoxy-4-O-methylepisappanol(12),并采用LPS誘導的RAW 264.7細胞株建立細胞炎癥反應模型,對化合物1~12進行了抗炎活性的研究。
1.1 材料
蘇木購于廣西南寧市,經(jīng)中國醫(yī)學科學院藥用植物研究所海南分所鄭希龍副研究員鑒定為蘇木CaesalpiniasappanLinn.的干燥心材。
1.2 儀器
BRUKER AVANCE Ⅲ 600型核磁共振波譜儀,賽默飛世LTQ-Obitrap XL液質(zhì)聯(lián)用儀。薄層色譜用硅膠G、H、GF-254 和柱色譜用硅膠(青島海洋化工有限公司),Sephadex LH-20凝膠(Pharmacia公司),常規(guī)試劑均為分析純。
干燥的蘇木心材(3.7 kg)用95%乙醇浸泡過夜。提取液減壓回收至干,得到殘渣154 g。殘渣經(jīng)硅膠拌樣,100~200目硅膠分離,依次用石油醚、三氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、丙酮和甲醇洗脫。三氯甲烷部位浸膏38 g,經(jīng)硅膠柱分離,石油醚和乙酸乙酯梯度洗脫,得到5個餾分。餾分1經(jīng)硅膠柱色譜分離和高效液相純化得到化合物1(17.8 mg)和4(5.3 mg);餾分2經(jīng)硅膠柱色譜分離和高效液相純化得到化合物6(9.2 mg)和7(6.8 mg);餾分3經(jīng)硅膠柱色譜分離和高效液相純化得到化合物8(2.8 mg)和12(5.1 mg);餾分4經(jīng)硅膠柱色譜分離和高效液相純化得到化合物2(25.2 mg)、3(3.8 mg)和5(7.1 mg);餾分5經(jīng)硅膠柱色譜分離和高效液相純化得到化合物9(8.5 mg)、10(12.6 mg)和11(7.4 mg)。
3.1 結構鑒定
化合物1:C16H14O5。ESI-MSm/z:309[M+Na]+。1H-NMR(DMSO-d6,600 MHz)δH:4.26(1H,d,J=10.6 Hz,H-2a),4.09(1H,d,J=10.6 Hz,H-2b),4.36(1H,s,H-4),7.79(1H,d,J=8.4 Hz,H-5),6.42(1H,dd,J=8.4 Hz,2.4,H-6),6.31(1H,d,J=2.4 Hz,H-8),3.33(1H,d,J=15.6 Hz,H-9a),2.76(1H,d,J=15.6 Hz,H-9b),7.79(1H,s,H-2′),6.42(1H,s,H-5′)。13C-NMR(DMSO-d6,150 MHz)δC:69.6(C-2),76.3(C-3),49.6(C-4),114.4(C-4a),130.9(C-5),108.7(C-6),154.1(C-7),102.8(C-8),156.5(C-8a),42.0(C-9),129.8(C-1′),112.1(C-2′),144.3(C-3′),144.0(C-4′),111.7(C-5′),135.6(C-6′)。與文獻對照,鑒定化合物1為brazilin[12]。
化合物2:C16H12O5。ESI-MSm/z:285[M+H]+。1H-NMR(DMSO-d6,600 MHz)δH:4.46(1H,d,J=11.4 Hz,H-2a),4.00(1H,d,J=11.4 Hz,H-2b),7.79(1H,d,J=8.4 Hz,H-5),6.56(1H,dd,J=8.4 Hz,2.4,H-6),6.35(1H,d,J=2.4 Hz,H-8),2.85(2H,d,J=5.4 Hz,H-9),7.10(1H,s,H-2′),6.32(1H,s,H-5′)。13C-NMR(DMSO-d6,150 MHz)δC:72.9(C-2),74.2(C-3),151.5(C-4),110.8(C-4a),130.5(C-5),110.8(C-6),162.1(C-7),102.8(C-8),157.7(C-8a),40.0(C-9),158.9(C-1′),117.5(C-2′),179.3(C-3′),152.3(C-4′),104.2(C-5′),125.0(C-6′)。與文獻對照,鑒定化合物2為braziein[12]。
化合物3:C16H14O5。ESI-MSm/z:309[M+Na]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,600 MHz)δH:4.08(1H,d,J=11.4 Hz,H-2a),3.85(1H,d,J=11.4 Hz,H-2b),4.29(1H,s,H-4),7.71(1H,d,J=8.4 Hz,H-5),6.32(1H,dd,J=8.4,2.4 Hz,H-6),6.20(1H,d,J=2.4 Hz,H-8),3.25(1H,d,J=15.6 Hz,H-9a),2.66(1H,d,J=15.6 Hz,H-9b),6.61(1H,s,H-4′),6.50(1H,s,H-5′)。13C-NMR(CDCl3,150 MHz)δC:70.9(C-2),79.6(C-3),51.5(C-4),118.0(C-4a),133.5(C-5),110.8(C-6),157.4(C-7),103.8(C-8),155.7(C-8a),41.5(C-9),114.3(C-1′),143.5(C-2′),145.3(C-3′),115.3(C-4′),117.2(C-5′),134.7(C-6′)。與文獻對照,鑒定化合物3為caesalpiniaphenol E[13]。
化合物4:C16H14O7。ESI-MSm/z:339[M+Na]+。1H-NMR(DMSO-d6,600 MHz)δH:4.16(1H,d,J=11.4 Hz,H-2a),3.90(1H,d,J=11.4 Hz,H-2b),3.76(1H,s,H-4),7.31(1H,d,J=8.4 Hz,H-5),6.56(1H,dd,J=8.4,2.4 Hz,H-6),6.41(1H,d,J=2.4 Hz,H-8),2.89(2H,d,J=5.4 Hz,H-9),3.66(1H,d,J=18.6 Hz,H-12a),3.34(1H,d,J=18.6 Hz,H-12b),3.10(1H,d,J=18.6 Hz,H-14a),2.74(1H,d,J=18.6 Hz,H-14b)。13C-NMR(DMSO-d6,150 MHz)δC:70.6(C-2),79.2(C-3),55.5(C-4),110.8(C-4a),135.5(C-5),111.8(C-6),160.1(C-7),104.8(C-8),156.7(C-8a),46.0(C-9),95.9(C-10),97.5(C-11),45.3(C-12),175.3(C-13),44.2(C-14),175.0(C-15)。與文獻對照,鑒定化合物4為brazilide A[14]。
化合物5:C16H16O6。ESI-MSm/z:327[M+Na]+。1H-NMR(Methanol-d4,600 MHz)δH:7.13(1H,d,J=8.4 Hz,H-1),6.69(1H,dd,J=8.4,2.4 Hz,H-2),6.62(1H,d,J=2.4 Hz,H-4),4.51(2H,s,H-6),3.37(2H,s,H-8),4.09(2H,s,-CH2OH),6.71(1H,s,H-9),6.73(1H,s,H-12)。13C-NMR(Methanol-d4,150 MHz)δC:131.6(C-1),113.8(C-2),159.5(C-3),109.0(C-4),160.0(C-4a),79.0(C-6),73.7(C-7),43.0(C-8),125.1(C-8a),117.7(C-9),145.7(C-10),146.0(C-11),118.0(C-12),132.1(C-12a),127.4(C-12b),66.9(7-CH2OH)。與文獻對照,鑒定化合物5為protosappanin B[15]。
化合物6:C15H12O5。ESI-MSm/z:295[M+Na]+。1H-NMR(Methanol-d4,600 MHz)δH:7.11(1H,d,J=8.4 Hz,H-1),6.69(1H,dd,J=8.4,2.4 Hz,H-2),6.65(1H,d,J=2.4 Hz,H-4),4.47(2H,s,H-6),3.35(2H,s,H-8),6.70(1H,s,H-9),6.72(1H,s,H-12)。13C-NMR(Methanol-d4,150 MHz)δC:131.2(C-1),113.5(C-2),159.4(C-3),109.0(C-4),160.0(C-4a),79.0(C-6),207.9(C-7),40.0(C-8),125.1(C-8a),117.7(C-9),145.7(C-10),146.0(C-11),118.0(C-12),132.1(C-12a),127.4(C-12b)。與文獻對照,鑒定化合物6為protosappanin A[15]。
化合物7:C17H18O6。ESI-MSm/z:341[M+Na]+。1H-NMR(Methanol-d4,600 MHz)δH:6.93(1H,d,J=8.4 Hz,H-1),6.45(1H,dd,J=8.4,2.4 Hz,H-2),6.35(1H,d,J=2.4 Hz,H-4),4.29(2H,s,H-6),3.01(2H,s,H-8),6.64(1H,s,H-9),6.72(1H,s,H-12),3.34(s,7-OCH3)。13C-NMR(Methanol-d4,150 MHz)δC:134.2(C-1),110.5(C-2),158.4(C-3),107.0(C-4),158.0(C-4a),68.5(C-6),100.9(C-7),37.5(C-8),127.1(C-8a),117.7(C-9),144.7(C-10),145.0(C-11),118.6(C-12),132.1(C-12a),121.4(C-12b),49.2(7-OCH3)。與文獻對照,鑒定化合物7為protosappanin A dimethyl acetal[5]。
化合物8:C26H16O10。ESI-MSm/z:511[M+Na]+。1H-NMR(DMSO-d6,600 MHz)δH:7.49(2H,s,H-3/3′),7.42(2H,s,H-6/6′),6.68(2H,d,J=2.4 Hz,H-9/9′),6.77(2H,d,J=8.4,2.4 Hz,H-11/11′),7.83(2H,d,J=8.4 Hz,H-12/12′)。13C-NMR(DMSO-d6,150 MHz)δC:129.2(C-1/1′),110.5(C-2/2′),114.4(C-3/3′),146.0(C-4/4′),153.5(C-5/5′),106.5(C-6/6′),109.9(C-7/7′),151.5(C-8/8′),102.7(C-9/9′),158.7(C-10/10′),112.7(C-11/11′),123.9(C-12/12′),160.6(C-13/13′)。與文獻對照,鑒定化合物8為caesppanin A[16]。
化合物9:C16H12O6。ESI-MSm/z:323[M+Na]+。1H-NMR(Methanol-d4,600 MHz)δH:8.04(1H,s,H-2),6.42(1H,s,H-8),6.68(2H,d,J=2.4 Hz,H-9/9′),7.47(2H,m,H-2′/6′),6.83(2H,m,H-3′/5′)。13C-NMR(Methanol-d4,150 MHz)δC:155.2(C-2),124.5(C-3),182.4(C-4),154.6(C-5),132.5(C-6),158.5(C-7),95.0(C-8),155.5(C-9),106.7(C-10),123.1(C-1′),131.7(C-2′/6′),116.2(C-3′/5′),158.6(C-4′)。與文獻對照,鑒定化合物9為tectorigenin[17]。
化合物10:C16H14O5。ESI-MSm/z:309[M+Na]+。1H-NMR(Methanol-d4,600 MHz)δH:4.16(1H,dd,J= 11.0,9.0 Hz,H-2a),4.37(1H,dd,J= 11.0,9.0 Hz,H-2b),2.81(1H,m,H-3),7.73(1H,d,J= 8.4 Hz,H-5),6.62(1H,dd,J= 8.4,2.4 Hz,H-6),6.37(1H,d,J= 2.4 Hz,H-8),2.55(1H,dd,J= 14.0,10.0 Hz,H-9a),3.07(1H,dd,J= 14.0,10.0 Hz,H-9b),6.76(1H,d,J= 2.4 Hz,H-2′),6.77(1H,d,J= 8.0 Hz,H-5′),6.56(1H,dd,J= 8.0,2.0 Hz,H-6′)。13C-NMR(Methanol-d4,150 MHz)δC:71.7(C-2),49.1(C-3),193.3(C-4),115.9(C-4a),130.9(C-5),112.3(C-6),166.0(C-7),104.4(C-8),165.5(C-8a),33.4(C-9),132.2(C-1′),117.2(C-2′),146.9(C-3′),145.5(C-4′),117.9(C-5′),122.3(C-6′)。與文獻對照,鑒定化合物10為3-deoxysappanone B[15]。
化合物11:C18H20O6。ESI-MSm/z:355[M+Na]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,600 MHz)δH:3.99(1H,d,J= 10.4 Hz,H-2a),3.71(1H,d,J= 10.4 Hz,H-2b),3.69(1H,s,H-4),7.05(1H,d,J=8.4 Hz,H-5),6.45(1H,dd,J= 8.4,2.4 Hz,H-6),6.36(1H,d,J= 2.4 Hz,H-8),2.64(2H,s,H-9),6.72(1H,s,H-2′),6.70(1H,d,J= 8.4,H-5′),6.56(1H,d,J= 8.4,H-6′),3.35(3H,s,4-OCH3),3.80(3H,s,3′-OCH3)。13C-NMR(CDCl3,150 MHz)δC:68.3(C-2),71.5(C-3),80.2(C-4),113.0(C-4a),133.6(C-5),109.5(C-6),160.9(C-7),104.2(C-8),156.1(C-8a),41.0(C-9),128.7(C-1′),115.6(C-2′),148.6(C-3′),146.2(C-4′),115.6(C-5′),124.4(C-6′),57.1(4-OCH3),56.5(3′-OCH3)。與文獻對照,鑒定化合物11為caesalpiniaphenol F[13]。
化合物12:C17H18O5。ESI-MSm/z:325[M+Na]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,600 MHz)δH:4.10(1H,d,J= 10.4 Hz,H-2a),3.81(1H,d,J= 10.4 Hz,H-2b),3.66(1H,s,H-4),7.07(1H,d,J= 8.4 Hz,H-5),6.35(1H,dd,J= 8.4,2.4 Hz,H-6),6.26(1H,d,J= 2.4 Hz,H-8),2.84(2H,s,H-9),7.12(2H,d,J= 8.4 Hz,H-2′/6′),6.75(2H,d,J= 8.4 Hz,H-3′/5′),3.30(3H,s,4-OCH3)。13C-NMR(CDCl3,150 MHz)δC:71.3(C-2),71.7(C-3),78.9(C-4),113.6(C-4a),134.6(C-5),109.5(C-6),160.6(C-7),104.2(C-8),157.1(C-8a),40.5(C-9),128.7(C-1′),133.8(C-2′/6′),116.4(C-3′/5′),158.1(C-4′),57.1(4-OCH3)。與文獻對照,鑒定化合物12為3′-deoxy-4-O-methylepisappanol[15]。
化合物1~12的化學結構見圖1。
圖1 化合物1~12的化學結構
3.2 抗炎活性篩選
采用LPS誘導的RAW 264.7細胞釋放NO的方法,對化合物1~12進行抗炎活性篩選,以氨基胍(Amino guanidine)作為陽性對照[3]。細胞按2×105/孔接種于96孔板中,每孔100 μL,貼壁4 h后,加入50 μL不同濃度的樣品(正常對照孔或模型對照孔加入等體積的培養(yǎng)基)孵育2 h,再加入50 μL終濃度為10 μg·L-1的LPS刺激(正常對照孔加入等體積培養(yǎng)基)24 h,Griess法測定上清中NO2-的含量,用以反映NO水平,結果見表1。IC50的數(shù)值可以反應抑制作用,數(shù)值越小抑制作用越強烈。本文分離的化合物1(brazilin)、化合物2(braziein)、化合物4(brazilide A)、化合物5(protosappanin) 、化合物7(protosappanin A dimethyl acetal)、化合物10(3-deoxysappanone B)、化合物11(caesalp-iniaphenol F)和化合物12(3′-deoxy-4-O-methylep isappanol)的IC50值均大于50 μmol·L-1,抗炎活性較弱。而化合物6(protosappanin A)、化合物8(caesppanin A)、9(tectorigenin)的IC50值較小,分別為15.3、6.8、7.2 μmol·L-1,均與氨基胍陽性對照組無統(tǒng)計學差異。由結果可知,化合物8、9的抗炎活性較強,化合物6具有抗炎活性,其他化合物的抗炎活性較弱。
表1 化合物1~12抑制LPS-誘導的Raw264.7 巨噬細胞產(chǎn)生NO活性的IC50 /μmol·L-1
蘇木為我國常用中藥,具有廣泛的藥理活性,但對于其抗炎活性的研究報道較少。課題組對蘇木所分離得到的12個多酚類化合物進行了體外細胞水平抗炎活性篩選,發(fā)現(xiàn)化合物8、9具有較強的抗炎活性,IC50值分別為6.8 μmol·L-1和7.2 μmol·L-1,化合物6具有抗炎活性,IC50值為15.3 μmol·L-1,實驗為蘇木抗炎活性物質(zhì)的研究提供了科學依據(jù)和實驗基礎。
[1] 王振月,王宗權,周亞濱,等.蘇木化學成分的研究(I)[J].天然產(chǎn)物研究與開發(fā),2010,22(4):590-593.
[2] 國家藥典委員會.中華人民共和國藥典:一部[S].北京:中國醫(yī)藥科技出版社,2015:165.
[3] 劉傳芳,江建明,梁鵬展,等.脂多糖誘導骨關節(jié)炎滑膜細胞表達一氧化氮與氨基胍的抑制效應[J].中國組織工程研究與臨床康復,2007,11(4):689-691.
[4] Namikoshi M,Nakata H,Yamada H,et al.Homoisoflavonoids and related compounds.Ⅱ.Isolation and absolute configurations of 3,4-dihydroxylated homoisoflavans and brazilins fromCaesalpiniasappanL.[J].Chem Pharm Bull,1987,35(7):2761-2773.
[5] Nguyen MTT,Awale S,Tezuka Y,et al.Xanthine oxidase inhibitors from the heartwood of VietnameseCaesalpiniasappan[J].Chem Pharm Bull,2005,53(8):984-988.
[6] Wang D,Chen C,Zhou Y.The research progress of clinical pharmacology and chemical constituents fromCaesalpiniasappanL[J].Inf Tradit Chin Med,2003,20(4):15-16.
[7] Badami S,Moorkoth S,Rai S R,et al.Antioxidant activity ofCaesalpiniasappanheartwood[J].Biol Pharm Bull,2003,26(11):1534-1537.
[8] Lim M Y,Jeon J H,Jeong E Y,et al.Antimicrobial activity of 5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone isolated fromCaesalpiniasappantoward intestinal bacteria[J].Food Chem,2007,100(3):1254-1258.
[9] Choi S Y,Yang K M,Jeon S D,et al.Brazilin modulates immune function mainly by augmenting T cell activity in halothane administered mice[J].Planta Med,1997,63(5):405-408.
[10] Bae I K,Min H Y,Han A R,et al.Suppression of lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase by brazilin in RAW264.7 macrophage cells[J].Eur J Pharmacol,2005,513(3):237-242.
[11] Ueda H,Kawanishi K,Moriyasu M.Effects of ellagic acid and 2-(2,3,6-Trihydroxy-4-carboxyphenyl) ellagic acid on sorbitol accumulation in vitro and in vivo[J].Biol Pharm Bull,2004,27(10):1584-1587.
[12] Kim D S,Bake N I,Oh S R,et al.NMR assignment of brazilein[J].Phytochemistry,1997,46(1):177-178.
[13] Min B S,Cuong T D,Hung T M,et al.Compounds from the heartwood ofCaesalpiniasappanand their anti-inflammatory activity[J].Bioorg Med Chem Lett,2012,22(24):7436-7439.
[14] Yang B O,Ke C Q,He Z S,et al.Brazilide A,a novel lactone with an unprecedented skeleton fromCaesalpiniasappan[J].Tetrahedron Letters,2002,43(9):1731-1733.
[15] Fu L C,Huang X A,Lai Z Y,et al.A New 3-Benzylchroman Derivative from Sappan Lignum (Caesalpiniasappan)[J].Molecules,2008,13(8):1923-1930.
[16] Shu S H,Deng A J,Li Z H,et al.Two novel biphenyl dimers from the heartwood ofCaesalpiniasappan[J].Fitoterapia,2011,82(5):762-766.
[17] Zhao H X,Bai H,Li W,et al.Study on Chemical Constituents ofCaesalpiniasappanL[J].Food and Drug,2010,12(05):176-179.
Anti-inflammatoryConstituentsfromHeartwoodofCaesalpiniasappan
LIRongtao,F(xiàn)ENGJian,CHENDeli,ZHENGWei,LIUYangyang*
HainanBranchInstituteofMedicinalPlantDevelopment,ChineseAcademyofMedicalSciences&PekingUnionMedicalCollege,Haikou570311,China)
Objective:To obtain potential anti-inflammatory constituents from the heartwood ofCaesalpiniasappan.Methods:The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by combination of silica gel column,Sephadex LH-20,and ODS column chromatography.The structures of the isolated compounds were determined under the aid of spectroscopic methods.Results:Twelve phenolic compounds were isolated from the 95% ethanol extract ofC.sappanand named brazilin (1),braziein (2),caesalpiniaphenol E(3),brazilide (4),protosappanin B (5),protosappanin A (6),protosappanin A dimethyl acetal (7),caesappanin A (8),tectorigenin (9),3-deoxysappanone B(10),caesalpiniaphenol F (11),and 3′-deoxy-4-O-methylepisappanol (12).All compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activities on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7.Conclusion:Compounds 8 and 9 showed strong inhibitory activity against the production of NO with IC50values of 6.8 and 7.2 μmol·L-1,respectively,compound 6 showed moderate inhibitory activities with IC50value of 15.3 μmol·L-1,and others displayed mild inhibitory activities.
Caesalpiniasappan;phenolic compounds;anti-inflammatory
10.13313/j.issn.1673-4890.2016.6.014
2016-01-15)
中央本級重大增減支項目(2060302);中醫(yī)藥行業(yè)科研專項(201207002-03)
*
劉洋洋,副研究員,研究方向:中藥材質(zhì)量控制;E-mail:eadchris@163.com