周金華, 賴慶輝, 高筱鈞
(昆明理工大學(xué)現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)院,昆明 650500)
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滾輪圓刷式三七精密排種器的仿真分析與試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證
周金華, 賴慶輝*, 高筱鈞
(昆明理工大學(xué)現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)院,昆明 650500)
為實(shí)現(xiàn)三七種子的精量播種,針對(duì)三七種子形狀不規(guī)則、含水率較高易造成種子流動(dòng)性差和不易充種的問題,設(shè)計(jì)了一種滾輪圓刷式三七精密排種器,闡述了其基本結(jié)構(gòu)和工作原理,分析了型孔的形狀和大小對(duì)充種的影響;為實(shí)現(xiàn)零速投種,對(duì)護(hù)種板安裝角度進(jìn)行了分析;研究了充種區(qū)種子的受力情況,建立了圓刷滾輪接觸區(qū)內(nèi)三七種子運(yùn)動(dòng)方程。對(duì)圓刷滾輪接觸區(qū)內(nèi)三七種子的運(yùn)動(dòng)情況進(jìn)行了仿真分析,其結(jié)果與理論計(jì)算值基本一致。選取型孔輪轉(zhuǎn)速、型孔直徑和型孔深度為試驗(yàn)因子,以粒距合格指數(shù)、重播指數(shù)和漏播指數(shù)為評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo),采用3因子3水平正交設(shè)計(jì)方法進(jìn)行排種器臺(tái)架試驗(yàn)。結(jié)果表明:型孔輪轉(zhuǎn)速20 r/min、型孔深度7 mm、型孔直徑8.5 mm為較優(yōu)組合,此時(shí)的粒距合格指數(shù)可以達(dá)到93.17%,重播指數(shù)為3.40%,漏播指數(shù)為3.43%,達(dá)到了三七種子精密播種的要求。
排種器; 三七種子; 仿真分析
SummaryPanaxnotoginsengis a well-known Chinese herbal medicine and is manually sown because of no supporting device for precise seed metering. Seed-metering device was an essential part for the sower ofP.notoginseng, and its efficiency has significant impact on the quality of sowing. The direction of design on mechanical precise seed-metering device is toward high efficiency and automation.
The purpose of this study was to solve the problem of poor fluidity forP.notoginsengseed caused by irregular shape and high water content and to achieve precise seeding forP.notoginseng. A novel type of roller-round brush precise seed-metering device was designed forP.notoginseng, and the optimal metering parameters on the performance of the machine were explored.
In this study, basic structure and working principle of the model were described, and the effect of shape and size of the type hole on seed-filling was analyzed. The angle for shield plate installation was analyzed to achieve zero-speed dropping. Simulation was utilized to analyze the motion ofP.notoginsengseeds in the seed-filling zone, and a motion equation was established in the roller-round brush contact zone. The speed, diameter and depth of the type hole were selected as the three test factors for the precise seed-metering device.
The simulation model of the seed-metering device forP.notoginsengseeds was established by the UGNX software, and was conducted on the basis of the EDEM dynamic simulation software. Through theoretical calculation, it was determined that the diameter of the type hole was in the range of 8-9 mm, and the depth of the type hole was in the range of 6-7 mm. For the zero speed seeding, the installation angle of the shield plate was related to the speed of the metering device and the wheel speed of the type hole. The change of the movement forP.notoginsengseeds was consistent with the direction of the motion analysis. The movement of the seeds in the contact zone of the roller-round brush was verified. Further experiments were conducted to increase the qualified index of seed space, and reduce the multi-seeding and miss-seeding indexes, lower the intensity of field test. The results showed that the optimal condition was the speed of the type hole wheel of 20 r/min, with the type hole diameter of 8.5 mm and the type hole depth of 7 mm. Under the optimal condition, the qualified index of the seed space was 93.17%, the multi-seeding and the miss-seeding indexes were 3.40% and 3.43%, respectively.
In conclusion, the seed-metering device is a key component of seeding machine, and the simulation analysis for the roller-round brush seed-metering device can meet the requirement of precise seeding forP.notoginseng, providing a methodological reference for optimizing precision metering for other types of seeds.
三七是中國(guó)馳名中草藥,由于沒有配套的精密播種機(jī),目前仍采用手工點(diǎn)播。而排種器是三七播種機(jī)的關(guān)鍵部件,排種效果的好壞直接影響著播種質(zhì)量。國(guó)內(nèi)外眾多學(xué)者進(jìn)行了精密排種器的相關(guān)研究。在國(guó)外,機(jī)械式精密排種器的設(shè)計(jì)主要向著高效和自動(dòng)化方向發(fā)展。研究者通過對(duì)窩眼輪式排種器的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),型孔的形狀和尺寸對(duì)排種精度有著重要的影響[1-3]。WANG[4]根據(jù)種子的幾何尺寸設(shè)計(jì)型孔結(jié)構(gòu)及尺寸,同時(shí)對(duì)水平圓盤排種器進(jìn)行了結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)。在國(guó)內(nèi),宋井玲等[5]設(shè)計(jì)了一種型孔深度可變的排種器,通過改變型孔的深度,提高了排種器對(duì)不同形狀和尺寸的種子的適應(yīng)性。李政權(quán)[6]、廖慶喜等[7-8]通過離散元方法對(duì)排種器進(jìn)行了仿真分析;楊然兵等[9]設(shè)計(jì)了花生播種機(jī)傾斜圓盤碟式排種器;秦軍偉等[10]對(duì)集中式排種器的排種機(jī)制進(jìn)行了深入的理論分析。而傳統(tǒng)機(jī)械式排種器主要適應(yīng)于表面光滑、含水率較低的種子。對(duì)于表面粗糙、流動(dòng)性差、含水率高等具有特殊物理特性的種子,尚無較好的機(jī)械式精密排種器適應(yīng)于其精密播種[11]。
筆者針對(duì)三七種子流動(dòng)性差、不易充種的問題設(shè)計(jì)了一種滾輪圓刷式三七精密排種器,并采用EDEM軟件對(duì)該排種器的排種過程進(jìn)行了仿真,分析了在排種過程中種子運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律及圓刷滾輪接觸區(qū)域內(nèi)種子運(yùn)動(dòng)情況,確定了影響排種性能的關(guān)鍵因子;同時(shí),開展了不同型孔輪轉(zhuǎn)速、型孔直徑和型孔深度對(duì)排種器排種性能影響的試驗(yàn)研究,以尋求各試驗(yàn)因子間的最佳參數(shù)組合,為滾輪圓刷式三七精密排種器的設(shè)計(jì)提供理論和實(shí)踐依據(jù)。
1.1結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)
如圖1 所示,三七精密排種器由種箱、清種圓刷、排種器外殼、護(hù)種板、型孔輪、清種彈簧等組成。型孔輪及護(hù)種板安裝角度結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)直接影響到播種質(zhì)量。
1:種箱;2:清種圓刷;3:排種器外殼;4:護(hù)種板;5:型孔輪;6:清種彈簧。1: Seed box; 2: Round brush of seed cleaning; 3: Shell of seed-metering device; 4: Shield plate; 5: Type hole wheel; 6: Clear spring.圖1 排種器結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖Fig.1 Structure diagram of seed-metering device
1:型孔輪;2:清種槽;3:倒角;4:型孔。1: Type hole wheel; 2: Seed cleaning groove; 3: Chamfer angle; 4: Type hole.圖2 型孔輪結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖Fig.2 Structure diagram of type hole wheel
1.1.1型孔設(shè)計(jì)
根據(jù)三七種子的形狀、尺寸和表面狀態(tài),結(jié)合三七播種的農(nóng)藝要求,對(duì)型孔輪上的型孔形狀和大小進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)。為確保投種精度,需設(shè)計(jì)一種僅容納1粒種子的型孔。選擇云南省文山州播種使用的三七種子,隨機(jī)取200粒測(cè)量平均尺寸,得到三七種子的長(zhǎng)度分布在5.2~7.2 mm之間,寬度分布在4.8~6.8 mm之間,高度分布在4.0~6.0 mm之間。由于種子的球度為90.86%,近似球體,故選擇圓弧形的型孔。為增加種子充入型孔的概率,降低刮種時(shí)的傷種率,在型孔外邊緣設(shè)計(jì)倒角。為增大排種器的充種面積,將型孔輪上的型孔設(shè)計(jì)成2排,如圖2所示,每一排型孔交錯(cuò)角度為60°,2排相鄰的型孔交錯(cuò)排列[12]。型孔直徑及型孔深度主要按照式(1)和式(2)進(jìn)行計(jì)算。
Ф=Lmax+(0.5~1).
(1)
H=Lmax-(0.5~1).
(2)
式中:Ф為型孔直徑,mm;Lmax為種子的最大尺寸,mm;H為型孔深度,mm。
通過式(1)和式(2)得出型孔的直徑范圍在7.7~8.2 mm之間,型孔深度范圍在6.2~6.7 mm之間。在設(shè)計(jì)過程中,考慮到三七種子表面形狀不規(guī)則、含水率較高,將型孔直徑及深度作進(jìn)一步調(diào)整,確定型孔直徑為8~9 mm,型孔深度為6~7 mm。
1.1.2護(hù)種板安裝角度設(shè)計(jì)
進(jìn)入型孔內(nèi)的種子隨著型孔輪一起轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng),當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)到投種區(qū)時(shí),由于沒有護(hù)種板的支持,瞬間使得型孔內(nèi)的種子失去支持力,在自身重力作用下脫離型孔,而此時(shí)的型孔輪由于處于轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)狀態(tài),且排種器整體向前移動(dòng),這就導(dǎo)致下落的種子一方面在慣性作用下保持所在型孔處的線速度,另一方面在其自身重力作用下做自由落體運(yùn)動(dòng),如圖3所示。
v:排種器前進(jìn)速度;vx:v在x軸的分速度;β:v與y軸之間的夾角;v1:型孔處的線速度。v: Forward speed of the seed-metering device; vx: Velocity component of v in x axis direction; β: Included angle between the v and the y axis; v1: Line speed at the type hole. 圖3 護(hù)種板安裝角度分析圖Fig.3 Analysis of the installation angle of the shield plate
為確保排種器投種的均勻性,需調(diào)整護(hù)種板的安裝角度β。為使排種器達(dá)到零速投種狀態(tài),則要求在下落過程中種子在x方向產(chǎn)生的合速度為0。
(3)
式中:v為排種器的前進(jìn)速度,m/s;vx為v在x軸的分速度,m/s;v1為型孔處的線速度,m/s;β為v與y軸之間的夾角,(°);ω為型孔輪轉(zhuǎn)速,rad/s;R為型孔輪半徑,m。
整理式(3)得:
(4)
式(4)表明:護(hù)種板安裝角度設(shè)計(jì)首先需滿足其對(duì)種子的支持力,其次要使種子滿足零速投種的狀態(tài);護(hù)種板安裝角度是隨著排種器的前進(jìn)速度和型孔輪的轉(zhuǎn)速變化而變化的。
1.2工作原理
排種器工作時(shí),將種子裝滿種箱;隨著型孔輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng),種子在重力作用下進(jìn)入型孔內(nèi),在型孔輪旋轉(zhuǎn)過程中清種圓刷及時(shí)地清除掉多余的種子,使型孔里盡可能僅存有1粒種子;當(dāng)型孔輪轉(zhuǎn)過清種圓刷后,由護(hù)種板護(hù)住種子,防止提前下落,待型孔輪轉(zhuǎn)到投種區(qū)域后,種子在重力作用下開始下落,完成三七種子的排種過程。為了防止種子卡在型孔內(nèi),加裝了清種彈簧以便更好地實(shí)現(xiàn)清種。
1.3種子運(yùn)動(dòng)分析
種子進(jìn)入型孔輪與圓刷之間的區(qū)域后會(huì)受到2個(gè)不同方向的摩擦力FL和FN,如圖4A所示。這2種摩擦力對(duì)種子運(yùn)動(dòng)的影響較大,會(huì)使三七種子自身產(chǎn)生一個(gè)圍繞自身質(zhì)心旋轉(zhuǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)矩。由于種子受到力矩M3的作用會(huì)產(chǎn)生一定的繞自身旋轉(zhuǎn)的力矩,其旋轉(zhuǎn)方向如圖4B所示,這種旋轉(zhuǎn)更加有利于種子向著型孔方向運(yùn)動(dòng),有利于充種[13]。
M3=(FL+FN)×r.
(5)
式中:M3為種子所受的合力矩,N/m;FL為種子所受圓刷的摩擦力,N;FN為種子所受型孔輪施加的摩擦力,N;r為種子的平均半徑,m。
A:種子受力分析;B:種子運(yùn)動(dòng)趨勢(shì)分析。FL:種子所受圓刷的摩擦力;FN:種子所受型孔輪施加的摩擦力;r:種子的平均半徑;M1:圓刷轉(zhuǎn)矩;M2:型孔輪轉(zhuǎn)矩;M3:種子所受的合力矩;vL:圓刷轉(zhuǎn)速;(O1,O2):排種輪軸心。A: Analysis of seed stress; B: Analysis of seed movement trend. FL: Friction force of round brush for seed; FN: Friction force applied to seed by type hole wheel; r: Mean radius of the seed; M1: Torque of round brush; M2: Torque of type hole wheel; M3: Resultant force moment of seed; vL: Rotary speed of round brush; (O1, O2): Axis of seed-metering wheel.圖4 種子運(yùn)動(dòng)分析圖Fig.4 Analysis of seed movement
2.1種子模型的建立
利用高清數(shù)碼相機(jī)拍攝三七種子照片,并將照片格式轉(zhuǎn)化為.TIF 的光柵圖像,通過UGNX軟件將其導(dǎo)入,如圖5A所示;然后采用樣條曲線,選取三七種子光柵圖像的邊界點(diǎn),建立封閉網(wǎng)格,應(yīng)用網(wǎng)格曲面命令完成種子三維模型,如圖5B所示;采用球顆粒聚合方法建立三七種子離散模型,如圖5C所示,并借助EDEM軟件計(jì)算出種子模型質(zhì)心。
A:種子光柵圖像;B:種子曲面模型;C:種子離散模型.A: Seed raster image; B: Seed surface model; C: Seed dispersion model.圖5 三七種子離散模型建立Fig.5 Establishment of the seed dispersion model
2.2排種器模型的建立
為了便于對(duì)排種器模擬仿真,僅考慮三七種子,不考慮其他雜余。將型孔輪式精密排種器的三維模型以.IGS格式導(dǎo)入EDEM軟件中,并進(jìn)行必要的仿真參數(shù)設(shè)置,然后對(duì)滾輪圓刷式三七精密排種器仿真模型進(jìn)行運(yùn)動(dòng)仿真,如圖6所示。
圖6 排種器排種運(yùn)動(dòng)仿真 Fig.6 Motion simulation of seed-metering device
3.1仿真設(shè)置
設(shè)置排種器及三七種子顆粒的物理力學(xué)參數(shù)[14-15],如表1所示。設(shè)置種子模型生成平面的種子顆粒速率為2 000個(gè)/s,種子顆粒總數(shù)為2 000個(gè),仿真時(shí)間為20 s。排種器模型以Mesh形式顯示,以便更加清楚地觀察種子的運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)。
表1排種器仿真模型材料參數(shù)
Table 1Material parameters of simulation model for seed-metering device
材料 Materials 密度 Density kg m3 泊松比 Poissonsratio剪切模量 Shearmodulus MPa三七種子P notoginsengseed9560 413尼龍Nylon11500 41010圓刷Roundbrush10500 4100
3.2排種過程分析
3.2.1圓刷及種輪接觸區(qū)種子運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律仿真與分析
圖7為仿真時(shí)間在4.72 s時(shí),接觸區(qū)域內(nèi)種子運(yùn)動(dòng)矢量圖:型孔輪表面種子運(yùn)動(dòng)方向與型孔輪切線方向相同,在圓刷表面種子運(yùn)行方向也呈現(xiàn)出與圓刷表面相切的運(yùn)動(dòng)方向。在圓刷與型孔輪接觸區(qū)域內(nèi)的種子,如果沒有被充入型孔內(nèi)部,種子就會(huì)受到圓刷及型孔輪2個(gè)運(yùn)行方向的摩擦力。由于2個(gè)摩擦力的出現(xiàn),結(jié)合種子自身的重力、種群對(duì)種子的壓力以及種群摩擦力的影響,導(dǎo)致三七種子運(yùn)動(dòng)速度方向發(fā)生改變。
通過仿真結(jié)果(圖8)可以看出,三七種子在這一區(qū)域內(nèi)產(chǎn)生了自轉(zhuǎn):從1.46 s(圖8A)時(shí)的位置轉(zhuǎn)過120°左右(1.51 s,圖8B),在1.56 s時(shí)再次旋轉(zhuǎn)120°左右(圖8C)。這種因外力產(chǎn)生的自轉(zhuǎn),能使三七種子的旋轉(zhuǎn)方向與型孔輪的旋轉(zhuǎn)方向相反,增加了種子與型孔輪表面的接觸面積,更有利于充種,且能防止沒有被充入型孔的種子被擠碎。
3.2.2排種仿真與分析
仿真試驗(yàn)的主要目的是為了檢查排種器結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的合理性,并通過仿真對(duì)排種器的排種效果進(jìn)行分析。已有研究表明,對(duì)排種效果影響比較明顯的分別是型孔輪的轉(zhuǎn)速、型孔直徑和型孔深度3個(gè)因子[16];因此,本文通過改變型孔直徑及型孔深度,并設(shè)置不同的型孔輪轉(zhuǎn)速進(jìn)行排種仿真試驗(yàn)。圖9A為三七種子的正常排種過程,符合三七種子播種的農(nóng)藝要求。除此之外,種子在填充型孔的過程中,還可能出現(xiàn)重播(圖9B)和漏播(圖9C)。其中,重播是指型孔充填2粒以上的種子后經(jīng)過具有彈性的圓刷到達(dá)排種口,出現(xiàn)重播現(xiàn)象還與三七種子大小不一有關(guān)。而漏播主要是由于型孔輪轉(zhuǎn)速過高,導(dǎo)致三七種子充種時(shí)間過短,使得型孔沒有被充種。
圖7 三七種子速度矢量圖 Fig.7 Velocity vector chart of P. notoginseng seed
A:1.46 s;B:1.51 s;C:1.56 s.圖8 三七種子運(yùn)動(dòng)仿真Fig.8 Movement simulation of P. notoginseng seed
A:合格;B:重播;C:漏播。A: Qualified; B: Multi-seeding; C: Miss-seeding.圖9 排種器仿真試驗(yàn)Fig.9 Simulation test of seed-metering device
4.1試驗(yàn)材料與設(shè)備
為尋求型孔輪轉(zhuǎn)速、型孔直徑和型孔深度的較優(yōu)參數(shù)組合,2014年12月1日在昆明理工大學(xué)現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)院自制的土槽試驗(yàn)臺(tái)上對(duì)滾輪圓刷式三七精密排種器進(jìn)行排種性能試驗(yàn)(圖10)。土槽試驗(yàn)臺(tái)的總長(zhǎng)度為12 m,有效作業(yè)長(zhǎng)度9 m;土槽內(nèi)的土質(zhì)符合三七播種的實(shí)際播種土壤環(huán)境。試驗(yàn)選用的種子為云南省文山州播種用三七種子,其千粒質(zhì)量為98~103 g。作業(yè)動(dòng)力采用最大功率為1.5 kW的可變頻調(diào)速三相異步電動(dòng)機(jī)。在試驗(yàn)樣機(jī)上安裝有滾輪圓刷式三七精密排種器及傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)[17]。
采用GB/T 6973—2005《單粒(精密)播種機(jī)試驗(yàn)方法》所規(guī)定的粒距合格指數(shù)、重播指數(shù)、漏播指數(shù)為性能評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)。
圖10 土槽試驗(yàn)Fig.10 Soil-bin test
4.2試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)
對(duì)型孔輪轉(zhuǎn)速、型孔直徑和型孔深度3個(gè)因子進(jìn)行排種試驗(yàn)。其因子水平編碼表如表2所示。
表2 排種器性能試驗(yàn)因子水平編碼表
4.3試驗(yàn)結(jié)果與分析
選用正交表L9(34)進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì),試驗(yàn)結(jié)果和方差分析見表3。從中可以看出,影響粒距合格指數(shù)S的3個(gè)因子的主次順序?yàn)樾涂纵嗈D(zhuǎn)速A>型孔深度C>型孔直徑B,其較優(yōu)組合為A3C1B2。重播指數(shù)和漏播指數(shù)越小越好。影響重播指數(shù)D的3個(gè)因子的主次順序?yàn)樾涂纵嗈D(zhuǎn)速A>型孔深度C>型孔直徑B,其較優(yōu)組合為A3C1B2;影響漏播指數(shù)M的3個(gè)因子的主次順序?yàn)樾涂纵嗈D(zhuǎn)速A>型孔深度C>型孔直徑B,其較優(yōu)組合為A3C1B3。綜合考慮三七播種作業(yè)環(huán)境,以及播種的農(nóng)業(yè)要求,選擇排種質(zhì)量較優(yōu)組合為A3C1B2,即當(dāng)型孔輪轉(zhuǎn)速為20 r/min、型孔深度為7.0 mm、型孔直徑為8.5 mm時(shí),種子粒距合格指數(shù)為93.17%,重播指數(shù)為3.40%,漏播指數(shù)為3.43%。
5.1通過UGNX和EDEM軟件對(duì)滾輪圓刷式三七精密排種器模型進(jìn)行仿真分析,驗(yàn)證了排種器的型孔輪轉(zhuǎn)速、型孔直徑和型孔深度3個(gè)因子對(duì)排種器排種性能的影響比較大。
5.2對(duì)比排種器圓刷與型孔輪接觸區(qū)三七種子的運(yùn)動(dòng)情況表明,仿真結(jié)果與理論分析的運(yùn)動(dòng)方向基本一致。
5.3通過正交設(shè)計(jì)得到的最優(yōu)試驗(yàn)組合設(shè)計(jì)滾輪圓刷式三七精密排種器,其粒距合格指數(shù)可達(dá)93.17%,其中最佳工作速度為20 r/min,型孔深度為7.0 mm,型孔直徑為8.5 mm。
表3 試驗(yàn)結(jié)果
A、B、C分別為型孔輪轉(zhuǎn)速、型孔直徑和型孔深度的編碼值;S、D、M分別為粒距合格指數(shù)、重播指數(shù)和漏播指數(shù)指標(biāo)值;K1、K2、K3分別為各水平的和;RS、RD、RM分別為各指標(biāo)極差。
A, B, C represent coded values of rotary speed of type hole wheel, diameter of type hole and depth of type hole, respectively;S,D,Mrepresent qualified index of seed space, multi-seeding index and miss-seeding index, respectively;K1,K2,K3represent sum value of each level, respectively;RS,RD,RMrepresent range of each index, respectively.
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Simulation analysis and experiment of roller-round brush precise seed-metering device forPanaxnotoginseng.JournalofZhejiangUniversity(Agric. &LifeSci.), 2016,42(4):509-516
ZHOU Jinhua, LAI Qinghui*, GAO Xiaojun
(CollegeofModernAgriculturalEngineering,KunmingUniversityofScienceandTechnology,Kunming650500,China)
seed-metering device;Panaxnotoginsengseed; simulation analysis
國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金(51305187);云南省重點(diǎn)新產(chǎn)品計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2014BC007);昆明理工大學(xué)自然科學(xué)研究基金(KKSY201323067,KKSY201323025).
Corresponding author):賴慶輝(http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3004-7809),E-mail:laiqinghui007@163.com
聯(lián)系方式:周金華(http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1122-868X),E-mail:842568106@qq.com
2015-09-01;接受日期(Accepted):2016-01-04;網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版日期(Published online):2016-07-18
S 232.3
A
URL:http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/33.1247.S.20160718.2036.014.html