金強(qiáng) 鄒勝章 鐘建華 田飛 康遜

摘 要：該研究以塔河油田4、6和7區(qū)縫洞儲(chǔ)層為研究對(duì)象，對(duì)塔河油田縫洞型儲(chǔ)層的成因結(jié)構(gòu)和充填模式進(jìn)行地質(zhì)分析，建立塔河油田縫洞儲(chǔ)層的結(jié)構(gòu)模式和充填模式；研究其縫洞單元內(nèi)儲(chǔ)集空間的分布規(guī)律；通過(guò)多種地質(zhì)因素綜合研究，分析研究區(qū)奧陶系縫洞單元內(nèi)儲(chǔ)集空間的成因和主控因素。研究者建立了塔河油田縫洞儲(chǔ)層的三維立體結(jié)構(gòu)模式，明確了表層帶、滲流帶和徑流帶縫洞結(jié)構(gòu)和充填模式。表層巖溶帶主要由地表河、落水洞、斷層及裂縫、坡積物和奧陶系裸露巖石所組成。根據(jù)現(xiàn)代巖溶和古巖溶的考察，以及塔河油田的井下資料解釋，地表河和落水洞為河流沉積物和垮塌角礫巖充填。滲流巖溶帶的縫洞主要由滲流井和駐水洞以及縫洞復(fù)合體組成。滲流井是連通表層巖溶帶與徑流巖溶帶的水流通道，一般沿?cái)鄬踊蛄芽p發(fā)育滲流井廢棄后常常被表層碎屑物或垮塌角礫充填，而駐水洞如果不受垮塌影響，則充填程度一般比較低，是非常好的油氣成藏和產(chǎn)出空間。徑流帶內(nèi)水流以橫向流動(dòng)為主，潛水面是徑流帶的底界。地下河溶洞是徑流帶縫洞的主要類型，在塔河油田根據(jù)地下河溶洞相互連通關(guān)系和規(guī)模，可以劃分出干流洞、支流洞和末梢洞。在斷層附近、地表落水洞下方可以形成規(guī)模巨大的廳堂洞。徑流帶溶洞大都具有比較強(qiáng)烈充填作用：地下河沉積碎屑充填，垮塌角礫充填和碳酸鈣化學(xué)充填。針對(duì)表層帶地表河和徑流帶溶洞系統(tǒng)沉積物巖性和沉積水動(dòng)力條件進(jìn)行研究，初步闡明了表層帶和徑流帶不同成因結(jié)構(gòu)水動(dòng)力條件與沉積物物源。以南方和塔北古巖溶縫洞系統(tǒng)發(fā)育與充填特征研究，建立了洞穴垮塌機(jī)制與控制因素。裸露期巖溶洞穴垮塌和埋藏期巖溶垮塌成因機(jī)理差異明顯。研究者基于不同充填物分別進(jìn)行物性評(píng)價(jià)的思路，形成了縫洞充填物類型約束下多參數(shù)配合的物性評(píng)價(jià)方法。針對(duì)不同類型的縫洞充填物采用多參數(shù)組合法分別計(jì)算物性，建立不同縫洞充填物的物性評(píng)價(jià)方程，并與取心井實(shí)測(cè)孔隙度和滲透率進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析。實(shí)踐證明，與巖心實(shí)測(cè)物性對(duì)比符合率高，有效評(píng)價(jià)了研究區(qū)縫洞儲(chǔ)集性能。

關(guān)鍵詞：縫洞成因結(jié)構(gòu) 充填模式 沉積機(jī)制 垮塌機(jī)制 物性評(píng)價(jià) 儲(chǔ)集空間

Carbonate Fractured-cavity Reservoir Unit Formation Mechanism and Model Research

Jin Qiang1 Zou Shengzhang2 Zhong Jianhua1 Tian Fei1 Kang Xun1

（1.China University of Petroleum-East China；2.Institute of Karst Geology， Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences）

Abstract：This topic takes fracture-cavity reservoir as the research object in Tahe Oilfield NO.4， 6， and 7 zone to analyze geological structure and filling pattern， to establish the structure of the fracture-cavity reservoir in Tahe Oilfield mode and filling mode； Study the distribution rule of reservoir space inside fracture-cavity unit； Through a variety of geologic factors comprehensive research and analysis of the Ordovician in the study area. Researchers fracture-cavity reservoir in Tahe oil field is established three-dimensional structure model， has been clear about the surface， seepage flow and runoff with fracture-cavity structure and filling patterns.Runoff water is given priority to with transverse flow， groundwater level is runoff zone at the bottom of the world. Underground river water-eroded cave is the main type， the run-off zone fracture-cavity in Tahe Oilfield according to the underground river water-eroded cave and scale interconnected relations， can be divided into main tributaries hole， hole and peripheral hole. Near the fault， surface sink below can form a huge hall hole. Runoff belt cave has relatively strong filling： mostly underground river sedimentary clastic filling， collapse breccia filling and chemical filling calcium carbonate. On the surface with the surface of the river sediment and runoff belt cave system lithology and sedimentary hydrodynamic conditions， a preliminary illuminates the surface with different genetic structure belt and runoff hydrodynamic conditions and sediment source. System development in the southern and northern ancient karst fracture-cavity and filling characteristics research， cave collapse mechanism and control factors is established. Stage nudity karst cave collapsed and buried karst collapse formation mechanism difference is obvious.Researchers， property evaluation based on different fillings， respectively， to form the stitch holes fillings type constraints under multiple parameter with property evaluation methods. For different types of stitch holes fillings multi parameter set legal properties are calculated respectively， set up different property evaluation equation of stitch holes fillings， and coring Wells with the measured porosity and permeability were analyzed. Practice has proved that compared with core properties measured coincidence rate is high.

Key Words：Fracture-cavity formation structures；Filling pattern；Deposition mechanism；Collapsing mechanism；Property evaluation； Reservoir space

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