Rene Casenave Apartments， San Francisco， California， USA， 2014

建筑設(shè)計(jì): 萊迪·馬托姆·斯泰西建筑事務(wù)所Architect: Leddy Maytum Stacy Architects

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雷內(nèi)·卡塞納韋公寓樓，舊金山，加利福尼亞州，美國

Rene Casenave Apartments， San Francisco， California， USA， 2014

建筑設(shè)計(jì): 萊迪·馬托姆·斯泰西建筑事務(wù)所
Architect: Leddy Maytum Stacy Architects

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1 外景/Exterior

作為舊金山海灣樞紐重建區(qū)的第一座新建筑，雷內(nèi)·卡塞納韋公寓樓取代了地段上原先的高速出口匝道及停車場(chǎng)，代之為革新式的永久幫扶性住宅，以服務(wù)患有生理及精神殘障、曾經(jīng)長期居無定所的人群。

海灣樞紐重建區(qū)

海灣樞紐重建項(xiàng)目的區(qū)域是在2005年制定的，將改造位于舊金山金融區(qū)以南、介于現(xiàn)海灣大橋城市高速及新海灣樞紐站之間的約40hm2的區(qū)域。新海灣樞紐站將取代原車站及出入匝道，形成一座區(qū)域性的巴士及火車中轉(zhuǎn)中心。項(xiàng)目重建區(qū)的概念規(guī)劃包括了高密度、以公共交通為導(dǎo)向的市場(chǎng)、沿佛森街的適價(jià)居住和商業(yè)地產(chǎn)，以及新樞紐站周邊的辦公/酒店開發(fā)。另外，概念規(guī)劃還涵蓋了對(duì)于公共設(shè)施的重大改進(jìn)：包括新的大型公園、新的步行通道以及拓寬的人行道。

項(xiàng)目地段

項(xiàng)目位于一塊異形地塊上，這里原本是高速匝道下的停車場(chǎng)。它位于海灣樞紐區(qū)的中心，是新的佛森街商住廊道的門戶。在未來幾年內(nèi)，地段緊鄰的區(qū)域?qū)⒈桓脑鞛閵W斯卡公園——一個(gè)橫跨多個(gè)街區(qū)、位于坡道之下、人行及自行車導(dǎo)向的休閑區(qū)。新的公園將加強(qiáng)這個(gè)街區(qū)的流動(dòng)性特征，增強(qiáng)社區(qū)凝聚力，并創(chuàng)造出一個(gè)具有吸引力的城市目的地。

功能

建筑包括120套極小型公寓、幫扶服務(wù)、社區(qū)空間、配套設(shè)施，以及服務(wù)周邊街區(qū)的零售商業(yè)。為了與地段的交通流動(dòng)性特征相吻合，建筑并未在地段上設(shè)置停車場(chǎng)。項(xiàng)目的住宅都是永久性的——居民可以無限期地居住下去，只要他們滿足租約條款的要求即可。

住戶

公寓樓的住戶全部都是極低收入的居民，他們長期居無定所，深受濫用藥品、精神或生理殘疾之苦。他們是國家公共衛(wèi)生部“直接入住”項(xiàng)目的受益者。“直接入住”項(xiàng)目的住宅及城市衛(wèi)生部門將會(huì)為他們提供足夠的補(bǔ)貼及服務(wù)支持。政府認(rèn)為，為這一人群建造永久性的幫扶住宅，要比在公共健康體系內(nèi)救助同樣數(shù)量的流浪漢要花費(fèi)少。

幫扶服務(wù)

地段上的幫扶服務(wù)設(shè)施包括社會(huì)服務(wù)、教育/職業(yè)培訓(xùn)、濫用藥物咨詢、生理及精神健康醫(yī)療。員工包括個(gè)案工作者、一名護(hù)士及一名精神病醫(yī)生。這些服務(wù)對(duì)于住戶來說都是無償?shù)摹?/p>

可持續(xù)性

建筑中集合了大量的可持續(xù)性設(shè)計(jì)策略。這些策略由“綠分”（Green points）開發(fā)并跟蹤——這一評(píng)價(jià)體系與LEED類似，不過是由總部位于灣區(qū)的“綠色建造”組織專為住宅項(xiàng)目制定的。這座建筑獲評(píng)187分，相當(dāng)于LEED高金級(jí)/低白金級(jí)。按照加利福尼亞州嚴(yán)格的24號(hào)能耗標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，這座建筑的設(shè)計(jì)能耗比住宅低29％，比非住宅建筑低13％。

結(jié)構(gòu)彈性

混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)體系采用了一種創(chuàng)新性的側(cè)向支撐系統(tǒng)，可以在地震時(shí)增強(qiáng)結(jié)構(gòu)彈性。外圍的混凝土墻都施加了后拉預(yù)力，可以幫助建筑在地震結(jié)束后“自我扶正”。結(jié)合外維護(hù)墻及機(jī)械系統(tǒng)中的靈活性，這座建筑在地震后作為庇護(hù)場(chǎng)所的可能性大大提升。

無障礙設(shè)計(jì)

對(duì)于這樣一個(gè)高殘疾率的居住群體來說，無障礙設(shè)計(jì)是極為重要的。無障礙設(shè)計(jì)的元素體現(xiàn)在整體流線、自動(dòng)門以及遍布公寓的附加把手?！酰S華青 譯）

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and data

合作開發(fā)者/Co-developer: 橋區(qū)住房和社區(qū)住房聯(lián)合會(huì)/ Bridge Housing and Community Housing Partnership

合作建筑設(shè)計(jì)/Associated Architects: Saida+Sullivan Design Partners

景觀設(shè)計(jì)/Landscape Architects: GLS

結(jié)構(gòu)工程師/Structural Engineers: Tipping Mar & Associates and Bello & Associates

機(jī)電暖通工程師/MEP Engineers: Ajmani & Pamidi

市政工程師/Civil Engineers: Luk & Associates

地質(zhì)工程顧問/Geotechnical Consultants: Treadwell & Rollo聲學(xué)顧問/Acoustical Consultants: Charles M. Salter Associates防水顧問/Waterproofng Consultant: Gale Associates

照明顧問/Lighting Consultant: Architectural Lighting Design綠色性能評(píng)估/Green Rater: Sage Green Development

承建商/Contractor: Cahill Contractors

竣工時(shí)間/Completion: 2014

建筑面積/Floor Area: 6970m2

最終建設(shè)成本/Final Construction Cost: $31，700，000

單元數(shù)量/Units: 120

攝影/Photos: Tim Grifth （fg.1，3-5）

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2 總平面/Site plan

3 周邊/Neighborhood

1-零售/Retail

2-廢棄物/Trash

3-大廳/Lobby

4-入口庭院/Entry court

5-自行車停放區(qū)/Bike parking

6-可燃物/Fire

7-氣體汽油/Gas

8-電/Electric

9-接待/Reception

10-管理辦公室/Management ofce

11-會(huì)議咨詢區(qū)/Counseling suite

12-走廊/Mall

13-庭院/Courtyard

14-項(xiàng)目室/Program room

15-廚房/Kitchen

16-商店/Storage

17-商店/Shop+Storage

18-洗衣房/Laundry

19-休息廳/Lounge

As the first new building constructed in San Francisco's Transbay Redevelopment Area， Rene Casenave Apartments replaces a former freeway offramp and parking lot with innovative permanent supportive housing for formerly chronically homeless individuals who have physical and mental disabilities.

Transbay Redevelopment Area

The Transbay Redevelopment Project Area was created in 2005 to transform approximately 40 acres south of San Francisco's financial district between the existing Bay Bridge urban freeway and the new Transbay Terminal. The new Transbay terminal will replace the existing terminal and access ramps with a regional transit hub for buses and trains. Te project area concept plan includes high-density， transitoriented market rate and affordable residential and retail development along Folsom Street and office/ hotel development surrounding the new terminal. In addition， the concept plan incorporates signifcant new public improvements including major new parks， new pedestrian oriented alleyways and widened sidewalks.

Project Site

The project site is an irregular shaped former parking lot under a freeway ramp. It is the gateway site at the edge of the new Folsom Street residentialretail corridor in the heart of the Transbay neighborhood. Within the next few years， the area immediately surrounding the site will be transformed into Oscar Park， a multi-block under ramp pedestrian and bike friendly recreational area. This new park will reinforce the neighborhood's transit-oriented identity， foster community and create a destination.

Program

The building program consists of 120 miniapartments， support services， community spaces and amenities， in addition to neighborhood serving retail. In keeping with the transit-oriented location，the building has no parking on site. The project is permanent housing - residents may stay indefnitely as long as they meet the terms for their leases.

Residents

The building residents are exclusively very low-income individuals who have been homeless and have chronic substance abuse， mental and/or physical disabilities. They are served through the Department of Public Health's Direct Access to Housing （DAH） program. The DPH's Housing and Urban Health Unit will provide an operating subsidy and service funding. Tey have determined that the cost of permanent supportive housing is less than the cost of treating the same population off the street in the public health system.

Supportive Services

On-site supportive services include social services， educational/vocational counseling，substance abuse counseling， and physical and mental health treatment. Staff includes case workers， a nurse and a psychiatrist. Use of the services by tenants is voluntary.

Sustainability

Te project incorporated a wide variety of other sustainable design strategies. Tese strategies were developed and tracked under the Greenpoints， a rating system similar to LEED that was developed exclusively for residential projects by the Bay Area based Build-It-Green organization. The project achieved 187 points， equivalent to LEED high Gold/ low Platinum. The energy use of the building is modeled to be 29％ less for residential and 13％ less for non-residential than California's strict Title 24 energy regulations.

Resiliency

The concrete structural system utilized an innovative lateral bracing system that can provide resiliency from seismic events. Te building's concrete shear walls are post-tensioned which can help the building "right itself" at the end of an earthquake. Combined with the flexibility built into the exterior skin and mechanical systems， the potential for sheltering in place after an earthquake is enhanced.

Universal Design

Universal design is an important goal for this resident population with a higher percentage of physical disabilities. Universal design features included generous circulation paths， power assisted doors， and additional grab bars throughout.

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4 中庭/Atrium space

評(píng)論

布魯諾·斯塔尼奧：該建筑代表了工業(yè)化國家中可持續(xù)建筑的普遍原型?？沙掷m(xù)性通過設(shè)備和高科技材料的大量應(yīng)用得以實(shí)現(xiàn)，而不是通過結(jié)合了環(huán)境變量的設(shè)計(jì)手段。這種方式對(duì)于發(fā)展中國家來說是難以負(fù)擔(dān)的，那里的建筑師通過他們的工藝技能實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)于可持續(xù)性建筑的設(shè)計(jì)，而不是依靠現(xiàn)代科技的大量使用。不難看出建筑外立面是由高性能隔熱材料組成，因?yàn)榻ㄖ蛟诨痉轿灰约袄萌展夥矫婢紤]欠佳。（王欣欣 譯）

范路：雷內(nèi)·卡塞納韋公寓是座簡潔緊湊、設(shè)計(jì)細(xì)膩的現(xiàn)代住宅樓。針對(duì)被幫扶住戶的特殊需要，該項(xiàng)目在多個(gè)層次精心組織功能，這促進(jìn)了公寓樓內(nèi)以及樓內(nèi)外間的交往活動(dòng)，增強(qiáng)了社區(qū)凝聚力。而無障礙、門把手等細(xì)節(jié)設(shè)計(jì)，更在微觀層面表達(dá)了對(duì)使用者的關(guān)懷。此外，彈性結(jié)構(gòu)的創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)和屋頂太陽能等可持續(xù)處理，也在技術(shù)層面提升了該建筑的品質(zhì)。

Comments

Bruno Stagno: This building represents a common archetype in sustainable architecture in industrialized countries. Sustainability is achieved through intensive use of equipment and high-tech materials， rather than by a design that incorporates environmental variables. Tis practice is unaffordable for developing countries where architects are turning their craft skills to design sustainable architecture， rather than the intensive use of technology. Te images show that facades are built with high performance insulation materials because neither elements that ft the orientation of the cardinal points nor sunshine are appreciated.

FAN Lu: Rene Casenave Apartments is a concise，

compact and modern residential building with

exquisite design. According to the special needs of

the residents who are exclusively very low-income

individuals， the program of the project is deliberately

organized to promote the communication inside or

around the apartments and to foster the community.

Universal designs including generous circulation

paths and additional grab bars and so on express the

further concern for everyday lives of the residents.

Moreover， the creative design of resilient structure and

application of sustainable design strategies improve

the quality of the building on technological level.

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5 內(nèi)景/Interior view