建筑設計：直向建筑Architects: Vector Architects

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重慶桃源居社區(qū)中心，重慶，中國

建筑設計：直向建筑
Architects: Vector Architects

項目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/C lient: 深圳航空城（東部）實業(yè)有限公司/ Shenzhen Aviation City （Eastern） co.， Ltd

主持建筑師/Principal Architect: 董功/DONG Gong

結構顧問/Structural Consultant: 肖從真/XIAO Congzhen

合作設計院/Local Design Institute: 中國機械工業(yè)第三設計研究院/China Ctdi Engineering Corporation

結構/Structure: 混凝土框架結構，局部鋼桁架結構/ Concrete Frame + Steel Truss

材料/Materials: 清水混凝土，垂直綠化墻面，綠色屋頂/ Exposed Concrete， Green Roof and Vegetated Exterior Wall

建筑面積/Floor Area: 10，000m2

設計時間/Design Period: 2010.02-2011.12

建造時間/Construction Period: 2011.12-2015.08

攝影師/Photos: 蘇圣亮/SU Shengliang

社區(qū)中心位于重慶市桃園公園半山腰上的一塊洼地，四周被起伏的山形圍合。對我們而言，設計所面對的首要問題是新的空間建造以什么樣的態(tài)度介入到原始地貌之中。非同于“在山上蓋一幢房子”的通常做法，我們希望塑造一個建筑整體趨勢和山體相融合的景觀意象。新的空間形體依順著山勢而規(guī)劃，它們的輪廓線和原來的山形融匯相映。整體建筑采用綠色植被屋頂和局部的垂直綠化墻體，進一步強化了建筑與自然山體共存的想法。

社區(qū)中心包括文化中心、體育中心、社康中心3個基本功能，由于管理的需求，各自獨立，但被一個連續(xù)的屋頂所覆蓋。建筑整體呈環(huán)狀布局，兩個庭院空間被圍合于其中，一個是坡地花園，另一個是可以容納社區(qū)生活與集會活動的綠化廣場。由于多雨氣候的影響，重慶當?shù)貍鹘y(tǒng)建造中存在著大量的類似“風雨騎樓”的半戶外行走空間。這一空間類型也被延續(xù)到該社區(qū)中心戶外空間串聯(lián)的交通組織方式之中。兩個庭院與建筑四周有多條線路相連接，并通過大尺度的洞口與架空，從視線和流線兩個層面，將內(nèi)外空間緊密聯(lián)系在一起。

社區(qū)中心考慮了3種人流的停留、穿越和混合，公園里休閑娛樂的市民，附近社區(qū)的居民，和社區(qū)中心的使用者和管理者，他們各自承載著不同的行為方式，包括散步、鍛煉、集會、演出、閱讀、課外輔導、培訓、戶內(nèi)健身、基礎醫(yī)療，等等。這些人和活動既有相對限定的位置和區(qū)域，又可以在一個開放流動的空間架構中產(chǎn)生積極的互動。歸根結底，我們希望社區(qū)中心能夠成為一個激發(fā)公共能量的城市節(jié)點。

3個基本功能中各自都有一個中庭空間，分別通過一個大尺度的天窗將自然光線引入內(nèi)部。我們希望通過這一系列在頂板和墻體上的洞口、窗口、架空、回廊弱化建筑內(nèi)外的邊界，使整體空間與天空、山景、樹木、陽光和風相匯交融，最終創(chuàng)造一種人工與自然之間生機勃勃的共生關系?！?.2 概念草圖/Sketches 3 模型/Physical model

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4 綠化屋頂鳥瞰/Aerial view of green roof

5 綠化廣場鳥瞰/Aerial view of green plaza

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6 從文化中心入口看向體育中心/View from cultural center to athletic center 7 入口層（二層）平面/Floor 1 plan

8 軸測圖/Axonometric diagram

9 坡地花園/Sloped garden

10.11 縱剖面/Long sections

The community center is located in the mountains of Taoyuan Park in Chongqing. The starting point is attempting to merge new building outline with the existing wavy topography. Instead of building an "object" in the field， we hope to create an imagery of fusing architectural form and hilly landscape together. Green roof and green walls assist to blend the volume into its natural environment， and enhance the thermal co-efciency of building envelope.

The relationship of in and out of architecture spaces is an important aspect in our design as well. Cultural center， athletic center and public health center are the three major programs. A continuous roof connects the three independent buildings into one unified volume. It slopes up and down responding to the hilly site. At the same time， it frames out two courtyards: a sloped garden， and a green plaza where community activities take place. In traditional Chongqing architecture， Qilou （Veranda House） is a common strategy because of the rainy weather. Such space type is adopted into the outdoor circulation system of the community center. As a result， multiple paths connect two courtyards and perimeter of the building. Tey relate the inside and outside of architecture closely in both visual association and physical connection by large openings and spans.

Te publicity of the community center brings various types of people including regular citizens，residents of neighborhood， and the users and staff of the community center. Our design therefore considers their stay， penetration， and interaction. They have different behavioral patterns in the building， such as strolling， gathering， performing，reading， tutoring， training， exercising， health consulting， etc. People have designated space for such behaviors， while can also be able to actively interact with each other in an open and fluid space. We hope the community center can amplify its spirit， therefore it becomes a node to intrigue and generate public energy of urban life in the city.

The three major buildings have their own atrium where large skylight introduces natural light into the deep space. Openings， windows， cantilevers and corridors blur the boundary between the interior and exterior of architecture. Tus， merging the whole space together with the sky， mountain，trees， sunlight and breeze can eventually create a lively co-existing relationship of artifcial structure and natural landscape.

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12 從坡地花園看向綠化廣場/View from sloped garden to green plaza

13 從景觀連廊看向綠化廣場/View from veranda to green plaza

14 景觀連廊/Veranda

15 墻身大樣/Wall section

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16 室外樓梯/Outdoor staircase

17 混凝土雨篷之下的坡地花園/ Sloped garden under concrete canopy

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評論

宋曄皓：重慶桃源居社區(qū)中心如果套用目前國內(nèi)綠色建筑評價的條條框框，似乎很難達到綠色建筑的高星級認證。至少從筆者所看到的案例設計資料看，是不能完全滿足綠色建筑三星標準的。但這卻是個不折不扣的以可持續(xù)思考為導向的優(yōu)秀設計：回應當?shù)貧夂虻脑O計，抽象表達了重慶的氣候特點。天光的應用，可以從心理和生理兩方面，滿足人對健康舒適的要求。結合地方特點的綠化屋頂和垂直綠化，同樣可以毫無疑問地有效提高建筑適應氣候的能力。樸素的材料和空間表達，也反映了一種倡導節(jié)儉的傾向，即從業(yè)主和使用者的角度，通過約束個體的欲望，減少能源和資源的浪費，達成對于可持續(xù)未來的關注。

劉晨：它圓著是青，方著是綠，青綠在方圓之間寫成山水；它上面是綠，下面也是綠，綠在上下之間漫漫求索；它將綠關在門外，綠卻如影隨形；它是蘇東坡的《臨江仙》，“酒闌清夢覺，春草滿池塘”；它是歐陽修的《踏莎行》，“平蕪盡處是春山，行人更在春山外”；清晨，它和綠嬉戲，午后，它枕綠歇晌，傍晚，它染綠為黃，入夜，它擁綠而眠；暮春，綠是它的肌膚，仲夏，它是綠的呼吸，深秋，綠落滿它的身軀，隆冬，它褪盡綠的迷夢；正所謂“收四時之爛漫，列千尋之聳翠，雖由人作，宛自天開”。

Comments

SONG Yehao: Considering the assessment standards for green buildings in China，Chongqing Taoyuanju community center seems impossible a green building of high level of stars. At least， according to the cases the author is aware of， it hardly meets the standards for three-star green buildings. However， it is an excellent design that leads to thoughts for sustainable development. The design by responding the local climate in Chongqing provides an abstract expression. Te application to skylight enhances people's requirements for health and comfort from the aspects of physiology and psychology. Te green roof and vertical greening combined with the local characteristics can also effectively improve the ability of the building's adaptability to the climate. Simple materials and spatial expression also reflect a tendency of thrifty， that is， to constraint individual desires of the owners and users， so as to reduce the waste of energy and resources for more concern about the sustainable development in the future.

LIU Chen: Green scenery can be found in both internal and external parts of the building. It is like what SU Dongpo depicted in his poem Linjiangxian， "awakening from a dreamy hangover， spring grass is found everywhere in the pond"； or like what OU Yangxiu did in Tashaxing， "spring hills emerge out of open grasslands， and travelers are even far away from spring hills". Te tones of green color fuctuate in morning， afternoon， dusk and night， and also change in spring， summer， autumn and winter. As JI Cheng stated in The Art of Gardening， "brilliant architecture requires harmonious infusion of artifcial design and natural creation". Here we have an excellent example of artifcial design in harmony with natural scenery.

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18 文化中心外廊/Veranda of cultural center

19 體育中心室內(nèi)中庭/Interior of athletic center atrium

20 文化中心室內(nèi)中庭天窗/Skylight of cultural center atrium

Chongqing Taoyuanju Community Center， Chongqing， China， 2015