尹 潔,趙艷玲,徐 莜,高子平,崔冠男,王景安,劉仲齊*(1.天津市動植物抗性重點實驗室,天津師范大學(xué)生命科學(xué)學(xué)院,天津300387;.農(nóng)業(yè)部環(huán)境保護科研監(jiān)測所農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境污染修復(fù)研究中心,天津300191)
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鋅對粳稻幼苗鎘吸收轉(zhuǎn)運特性的影響
尹潔1,2,趙艷玲2,徐莜2,高子平2,崔冠男2,王景安1*,劉仲齊1,2*
(1.天津市動植物抗性重點實驗室,天津師范大學(xué)生命科學(xué)學(xué)院,天津300387;2.農(nóng)業(yè)部環(huán)境保護科研監(jiān)測所農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境污染修復(fù)研究中心,天津300191)
摘要:采用水培實驗,研究了鎘脅迫下粳稻幼苗的生長發(fā)育特征及鎘和鋅的吸收轉(zhuǎn)運特性。結(jié)果表明,施加1.2 mmol·L-1及1.4 mmol·L-1鋅能顯著增加根尖數(shù)目和根系及地上部的生物量,并使根系中的鎘積累量分別下降86.4%和97.5%,地上部鎘積累量分別下降62.6%和73.3%。根系和地上部的鎘主要分布在細(xì)胞壁(F1)和胞液(F3)中,細(xì)胞器(F2)中的鎘含量很少,只占根系鎘總量的5.4%和地上部鎘總量的9.4%。鋅降低了各亞細(xì)胞組分中鎘的含量,提高了鎘在F3中的分配比例。當(dāng)鋅使根系F3中的鎘濃度降低到12.8 mg·kg-1FW以下時,鎘從根系F3中向地上部轉(zhuǎn)運的比率顯著增加,但轉(zhuǎn)運量只有2.7 μmol·L-1Cd2(+無鋅添加)處理組的26.9%~46.1%。
關(guān)鍵詞:粳稻;鋅;鎘;積累;轉(zhuǎn)運;亞細(xì)胞分布
尹潔,趙艷玲,高子平,等.鋅對粳稻幼苗鎘吸收轉(zhuǎn)運特性的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境科學(xué)學(xué)報, 2016, 35(5):834-841.
YIN Jie, ZHAO Yan-ling, GAO Zi-ping, et al. Effects of zinc supply on absorption and translocation of cadmium in rice seedlings[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2016, 35(5):834-841.
近年來環(huán)境中重金屬污染物逐年增多,Cd作為一種具有高遷移率及對生物高度毒性的非必需元素,影響作物水分代謝和光合作用、降低營養(yǎng)元素吸收及生物量等[1-4]。作為中國及日本等亞洲人群的主要糧食作物[5-6],水稻對Cd具有較強的吸收富集能力,通過食用稻米間接攝入過量Cd2+成為影響人體健康的危險因子之一,因而急需一種合理的方法降低稻米中Cd2+的積累量。我國水稻品種繁多,Cd2+在不同種間及基因型間的積累、分布存在顯著差異[7-9]。粳稻(japonica rice)作為水稻亞種之一[10],因其品質(zhì)好、產(chǎn)量高,而被廣泛栽培,有研究表明在相同栽培條件下粳稻較秈稻Cd2+積累少[7]。
Zn作為作物生長所必需的微量元素,是許多酶的組成成分[11],參與蛋白代謝、基因表達(dá)、染色體構(gòu)建等多種細(xì)胞生物學(xué)過程[12-13],可維持及保護生物膜穩(wěn)定性、防止氧化脅迫及過氧化損傷[14]。Zn作為Cd的同系物,由于相似的化學(xué)性質(zhì),均能以二價陽離子形式被植物體吸收。廣泛存在于植物體內(nèi)的鋅鐵轉(zhuǎn)運蛋白(ZIP)、自然抗巨噬細(xì)胞蛋白(Nramps)、ABC轉(zhuǎn)運蛋白(ATP-binding cassette)等對Zn2+和Cd2+都具有較高的親和性,能同時進行Zn2+、Cd2+等離子的轉(zhuǎn)運[7,15-18]。但Zn2+與Cd2+之間的互作機理至今仍沒有一致的結(jié)論。多項研究表明Zn2+、Cd2+共存對于植物Cd吸收既表現(xiàn)協(xié)同作用也表現(xiàn)拮抗作用,如Zn可降低水稻、大豆等對Cd的積累,卻提高了洋甘菊及柔毛委陵菜的Cd轉(zhuǎn)運率[19-22],但Zn2+對粳稻Cd積累特性的影響還未見報道。本研究以粳稻幼苗為材料,從亞細(xì)胞水平分析Zn2+和Cd2+的吸收轉(zhuǎn)運特性,對Zn2+和Cd2+的互作機理進行了初步探討。
1.1試驗材料及培養(yǎng)方法
本試驗選用的粳稻品系14ZS17由天津市農(nóng)作物研究所提供。選取飽滿均一的種子,在5%NaClO溶液中浸泡消毒15 min,去離子水潤洗3次,放置于消過毒的培養(yǎng)皿中,恒溫箱(30±1)℃避光催芽48 h。將萌發(fā)的種子轉(zhuǎn)移至漂浮在去離子水箱中的塑料板上溫室培養(yǎng)一周,隨后將種子轉(zhuǎn)移至1/8營養(yǎng)液中(pH5.5)培養(yǎng),一周后換用1/4營養(yǎng)液繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)(pH5.5)。幼苗在光/暗為16 h/8 h、相應(yīng)溫度25℃/20℃、相對濕度60%~70%、光照強度240 μmol·m-2·s-1的人工生長室中培養(yǎng),24 h連續(xù)通氣。實驗用8 L的聚乙烯水培箱,每孔移栽兩株苗。
Hoagland全營養(yǎng)液配方如下(1 L):
A液:Ca(NO3)294.5 g。
B液:KNO360.7 g、NH4H2PO411.5g、MgSO4·7H2O 49.3 g。
C液:H3BO32.86 g、MnCl2·4H2O 1.81 g、ZnSO4· 7H2O 0.22 g、CuSO4·5H2O 0.08 g、(NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O 0.02 g。
D液:FeSO4·7H2O 5.57 g、Na-EDTA 7.45 g。
將四葉一心期粳稻幼苗轉(zhuǎn)移至去離子水箱中饑餓處理1 d,再分別轉(zhuǎn)移至含有0 μmol·L-1Cd2++0 mmol·L-1Zn2+、2.7 μmol·L-1Cd2+、1.2 mmol·L-1Zn2+、1.4 mmol·L-1Zn2+、2.7 μmol·L-1Cd2++1.2 mmol·L-1Zn2+、2.7 μmol·L-1Cd2++1.4 mmol·L-1Zn2+的1/8 Hoagland營養(yǎng)液(缺Zn2+)中處理5 d,每處理重復(fù)3次,每次重復(fù)8株苗。Cd2+及Zn2+分別以CdCl2·2.5H2O及ZnSO4· 7H2O形式加入。參照文獻[23-24]的培養(yǎng)方法,營養(yǎng)液及處理液每隔1 d更換一次,以保證溶液中離子濃度基本恒定。
1.2Cd、Zn含量測定
處理結(jié)束后,先將根系浸泡在5 mmol·L-1CaCl2溶液中20 min,以除去吸附在根系表面的離子,再用去離子水洗凈,用無塵濾紙吸凈根系表面殘留水分,分開植株地上部分與根系。105℃殺青15 min,75℃下烘干至恒重。稱量地上部分及根系干重,剪碎后置于消煮管內(nèi),用7 mL HNO3浸泡5 h,用ED54消煮儀消煮2.5 h,待冷卻后加入1 mL H2O2繼續(xù)消煮1.5 h,趕酸至體積為0.5 mL左右,將消煮液轉(zhuǎn)移至25 mL容量瓶中定容,用原子吸收分光光度計(AAS,ZEEnit 700,Analytikjena,Germany)測定Cd、Zn含量。
1.3亞細(xì)胞組分分離
參照文獻中方法[23-24],稱取新鮮水稻根系0.5 g和地上部分1.0 g分別置于研缽,加入預(yù)冷的提取緩沖液,充分研磨成勻漿液。提取緩沖液組成為:250 mmol·L-1蔗糖,50 mmol·L-1Tris-HCl(pH7.5)和1 mmol·L-1二硫赤鮮糖醇。操作均在4℃下進行。將勻漿液在3000 r·min-1下離心15 min,沉淀即為細(xì)胞壁組分(F1)。將上清液在15 000 r·min-1下離心30 min,沉淀為細(xì)胞器組分(F2),上清液為胞液組分(F3)。將各組分烘干、濃縮后用7 mL HNO3:1 mL H2O2法消解,用原子吸收分光光度計(AAS,ZEEnit700)測定樣品Zn、Cd含量。
1.4根系掃描分析
用根系掃描分析系統(tǒng)(EPSONSTD1600,WinRHIZOsystem V.4.0b)分別對處理前及處理后的根系進行掃描分析,每處理掃描10株幼苗。
1.5數(shù)據(jù)分析
實驗數(shù)據(jù)用SPSS進行單因素方差分析(顯著性水平設(shè)置為0.05),采用Origin8.6作圖。
根尖數(shù)/根長/根表面積/根體積相對增長=處理后-處理前
根系胞液Cd分配比率=F3/(F1+F2+F3)×100%根系胞液轉(zhuǎn)運率=地上部Cd總量/(根系胞液Cd總量+地上部Cd總量)×100%
其中:根系胞液Cd總量=根系Cd濃度·根系鮮重·根系胞液Cd分配比率;地上部Cd總量=地上部Cd濃度·地上部鮮重。
2.1Zn2+對Cd2+生理毒性的緩解效應(yīng)
營養(yǎng)液中加入2.7 μmol·L-1Cd2+能顯著抑制粳稻幼苗生長,添加1.2 mmol·L-1和1.4 mmol·L-1的Zn2+有效緩解了Cd2+對根系生長發(fā)育的抑制效應(yīng)(圖1A);添加1.2 mmol·L-1Zn2+顯著促進了幼苗地上部的生長,但添加1.4 mmol·L-1Zn2+并沒有顯著促進地上部的生長(圖1B)。
在2.7 μmol·L-1Cd2+溶液中,添加1.2 mmol·L-1和1.4 mmol·L-1Zn2+與對照相比顯著提高相對根尖數(shù),且1.4 mmol·L-1Zn2+較1.2 mmol·L-1Zn2+促進效應(yīng)顯著(圖2A)。Zn2+也可顯著促進根長、根系平均直徑、根系表面積和根系體積的生長,但1.2 mmol·L-1和1.4 mmol·L-1Zn2+促進效應(yīng)差異不顯著(圖2B,圖2C,圖2D,圖2E)。
2.2Zn2+對幼苗Cd2+積累特性的影響
向含Cd2+營養(yǎng)液中添加Zn2+能顯著降低幼苗根系及地上部對Cd2+的積累(圖3)。當(dāng)根際環(huán)境中Zn2+濃度為1.2 mmol·L-1時,根系及地上部Cd2+積累量分別較對照降低86.4%和62.6%。當(dāng)根際環(huán)境中Zn2+濃度為1.4 mmol·L-1時,根系及地上部Cd2+積累較對照組分別降低了97.5%和73.3%。
根際環(huán)境中Cd2+對幼苗Zn2+吸收轉(zhuǎn)運特性也有顯著影響。與對照相比,2.7 μmol·L-1Cd2+處理顯著提高了根系中的Zn2+積累量(圖4A),卻顯著降低了地上部Zn2+的積累(圖4B)。向含Zn2+1.2 mmol·L-1及1.4 mmol·L-1的營養(yǎng)液中加入2.7 μmol·L-1Cd2+,根系Zn含量分別為對照的1.7倍及1.2倍,地上部Zn含量較對照分別降低了17.0%及16.9%。
圖1 Zn2+對Cd2+脅迫環(huán)境中幼苗根系及地上部生物量的影響Figure 1 Effects of Zn2+supplies on biomass of roots and shoots of rice seedlings under Cd2+stresses
2.3Zn2+對幼苗Cd2+亞細(xì)胞分布的影響
幼苗根系細(xì)胞壁(F1)、細(xì)胞器(F2)和胞液(F3)組分中的Cd含量顯著大于地上部對應(yīng)組分Cd含量。Cd2+在幼苗根系及地上部的亞細(xì)胞分布分別表現(xiàn)為F1>F3>>F2和F1≈F3>>F2。隨著根際環(huán)境中Zn2+濃度的升高,根系和地上部各亞細(xì)胞組分中的Cd2+積累量顯著降低(圖5A、圖5B)。與2.7 μmol·L-1Cd2+相比,地上部細(xì)胞壁組分Cd含量下降了63.2%~72.3%,細(xì)胞器組分Cd含量下降了61.8%~81.0%,胞液組分Cd含量下降了47.4%~65.7%。根系細(xì)胞壁組分Cd含量下降了79.8%~84.9%,細(xì)胞器組分Cd含量下降了81.3%~94.2%,胞液組分Cd含量下降了70.7%~77.9%。Zn2+在顯著降低根系及地上部Cd含量的同時,也改變了Cd2+在各亞細(xì)胞組分中的分配比例。根際環(huán)境中1.2~1.4 mmol·L-1Zn2+顯著降低了根系及地上部細(xì)胞壁中Cd2+的分配比率,提高了胞液組分Cd2+分配比率(圖5C、圖5D),細(xì)胞器組分中Cd2+分配比率隨著Zn2+濃度的增加而下降。環(huán)境中的Cd2+對幼苗體內(nèi)Zn2+的亞細(xì)胞分布也產(chǎn)生顯著影響。幼苗根系不同組分的Zn含量大于地上部各組分Zn含量,并隨著營養(yǎng)液中Zn2+濃度的增加而提高(圖6A、圖6B)。Zn2+在幼苗根系及地上部的亞細(xì)胞分布規(guī)律均為F1>F3>>F2。在含1.2 mmol·L-1及1.4 mmol·L-1Zn2+的營養(yǎng)液中,2.7 μmol·L-1的Cd2+顯著提高了根系各亞細(xì)胞組分中Zn含量,降低了地上部各亞細(xì)胞組分的Zn含量。根際環(huán)境中Cd2+未對Zn2+的亞細(xì)胞分配比率產(chǎn)生顯著影響(圖6C、圖6D)。
圖2 Zn2+對Cd2+脅迫環(huán)境中幼苗根尖數(shù)、根長、根系平均直徑、根表面積和根體積相對增長率的影響Figure 2 Effects of Zn2+supplies on root tip number,root length,average root diameter,root surface area and volume of rice seedlings under Cd2+stresses
圖3 Zn2+對Cd2+脅迫中幼苗根系及地上部Cd含量的影響Figure 3 Effects of Zn2+supplies on Cd concentrations in roots and shoots of rice seedlings under Cd2+stresses
圖4 Cd2+脅迫對幼苗根系及地上部Zn含量的影響Figure 4 Effects of exogenous Cd2+on Zn2+concentrations in roots and shoots of rice seedlings
圖5 Zn2+對Cd2+脅迫下幼苗根系和地上部亞細(xì)胞組分中Cd含量以及Cd2+分配比率的影響Figure 5 Effects of Zn2+supplies on Cd concentrations in subcellular fraction of roots and shoots as well as on Cd2+distribution in subcellular fractions of roots and shoots in rice seedlings under Cd2+stresses
2.4Zn2+對幼苗Cd2+轉(zhuǎn)運率的影響
當(dāng)外源Zn2+大幅度降低幼苗根系中Cd2+積累量以后,根系胞液中的Cd2+進入地上部的轉(zhuǎn)運率顯著提高。根際環(huán)境中1.2 mmol·L-1及1.4 mmol·L-1的Zn2+使Cd2+的轉(zhuǎn)運率較對照分別提高了0.3倍及0.4倍,但不同Zn2+濃度之間的Cd2+轉(zhuǎn)運率無顯著差異(圖7A)。說明Zn2+通過大幅度降低胞液中的Cd濃度而間接提高了Cd2+向地上部的轉(zhuǎn)運率。
根系胞液中Zn2+向地上部的轉(zhuǎn)運率既與環(huán)境中的Zn2+濃度有關(guān),也與Cd2+濃度有關(guān)。在無Cd2+環(huán)境中,Zn2+向地上部的轉(zhuǎn)運率隨著環(huán)境中Zn2+濃度的增加而下降;增加2.7 μmol·L-1的Cd2+進一步降低了Zn2+向地上部的轉(zhuǎn)運率(圖7B)。說明1.2 mmol·L-1Zn2+已經(jīng)使水稻幼苗Zn2+轉(zhuǎn)運系統(tǒng)達(dá)到了飽和狀態(tài),在此基礎(chǔ)上無論是增加Zn2+濃度還是Cd2+濃度,都會顯著降低Zn2+向地上部的轉(zhuǎn)運率。
圖6 Cd2+脅迫對幼苗根系和地上部亞細(xì)胞組分中Zn含量以及Zn2+分配比率的影響Figure 6 Effects of Cd2+on Zn concentrations in subcellular fractions of root and shoot as well as on Zn distribution in subcellular fractions of root and shoot in rice seedlings
圖7 Cd2+和Zn2+從幼苗根系胞液向地上部轉(zhuǎn)運率的變化Figure 7 Changes of Cd2+and Zn2+translocation ratios from root cell sap to shoots
Zn作為植物生長所必需的微量元素,是六大酶系的主要輔酶,參與多種生命活動。Cd2+脅迫環(huán)境中添加1.2~1.4 mmol·L-1Zn2+能顯著促進根尖發(fā)生和根系伸長與加粗,使根系表面積和根系體積得到顯著增加,進而增加根系及地上部的生物量??梢?,增加根際環(huán)境中的Zn2+濃度能有效緩解Cd2+對根系的生理毒害,促進根系和地上部的生長發(fā)育[25-27]。與單純Cd處理相比Zn、Cd共存條件下,幼苗體內(nèi)Zn含量升高而Cd含量顯著下降,表明幼苗根系對于Zn2+、Cd2+吸收具有拮抗作用(圖3A、圖4A)。Cd2+可通過Zn2+轉(zhuǎn)運蛋白(如OsZIPs、OsMTPs、OsHMA等)參與幼苗體內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)運[28-30]。
水稻根系和地上部的Zn2+和Cd2+主要積累在細(xì)胞壁中(圖5A、圖5B;圖6A、圖6B)。細(xì)胞壁中有多種能與二價或三價離子結(jié)合的復(fù)合物,其中多糖組分在細(xì)胞壁沉積重金屬過程中發(fā)揮了重要作用[31]。有研究表明,Zn2+對低甲基化果膠質(zhì)的親和性大于Cd2+[32]。因此,當(dāng)水稻根際環(huán)境中的Zn2+濃度升高時,細(xì)胞壁中更多的配基優(yōu)先與Zn2+形成復(fù)合物積累在細(xì)胞壁中,減少了細(xì)胞壁與Cd2+的結(jié)合位點,降低了細(xì)胞壁對Cd2+的沉降作用(圖5C、圖5D)。Zn2+濃度對細(xì)胞壁中Cd積累的抑制作用顯著大于對其他細(xì)胞組分的影響。因此,施加Zn后根系細(xì)胞壁中Cd含量下降的幅度顯大于細(xì)胞器和胞液組分,胞液及細(xì)胞器組分中的Cd分配比率因Zn的增加而上升。
由于Zn是水稻生長發(fā)育的必需元素,細(xì)胞膜上的載體蛋白優(yōu)先結(jié)合并轉(zhuǎn)運Zn2+。隨著根際Zn2+濃度的升高,進入幼苗體內(nèi)的Zn2+顯著增高,從而提高了Zn2+與載體蛋白的結(jié)合,使之與Cd2+結(jié)合的機會減少[17]。在幼苗根系中Zn2+濃度升高的情況下,幼苗對Cd2+的吸收積累量顯著下降。當(dāng)根系胞液中的Cd2+濃度低于12.8 mg·kg-1FW時,少量Cd2+可通過非選擇性陽離子通道及其他載體蛋白向地上部轉(zhuǎn)運[33-34]。因此,施加高濃度的Zn2+顯著降低幼苗根系Cd的絕對含量,根系胞液中的Cd2+向地上部的轉(zhuǎn)運率顯著升高,但轉(zhuǎn)運量只有2.7 μmol·L-1Cd2+處理的26.9%~46.1%。
Cd2+脅迫能誘導(dǎo)某些基因的高效表達(dá),促進金屬離子在根系中的積累。如水稻體內(nèi)過表達(dá)OsHMA3基因會顯著提高幼苗根系對Zn2+的積累[17],因而增加根際環(huán)境Cd2+濃度能顯著提高水稻幼苗根系中Zn2+含量。然而,幼苗體內(nèi)Zn2+穩(wěn)態(tài)在不同階段(包括吸收、轉(zhuǎn)運以及分配)受到嚴(yán)格的調(diào)控[28,34-35],地上部相對穩(wěn)定的Zn2+濃度對于保證水稻正常的代謝至關(guān)重要。在根系Zn含量顯著增加的情況下,粳稻幼苗地上部Zn含量并沒有表現(xiàn)出極顯著升高趨勢(圖4B)。
(1)與缺Zn相比,添加1.2 mmol·L-1和1.4 mmol· L-1的Zn2+能顯著緩解2.7 μmol·L-1Cd2+對粳稻幼苗的毒害,促進根尖分化和根系生長,提高根系及地上部生物量,并極顯著地降低幼苗根系和地上部Cd2+積累量。
(2)Zn能顯著降低粳稻幼苗根系細(xì)胞壁及細(xì)胞器中的Cd分配比例,提高胞液組分中Cd分配比例。當(dāng)增加根際Zn2+濃度使根系胞液中Cd2+濃度低于12.8 mg·kg-1FW時,Cd向地上部轉(zhuǎn)運的比率顯著提高。
(3)幼苗根系中的Zn含量隨根際Cd2+及Zn2+濃度升高而顯著升高,但外源Cd2+顯著降低了地上部Zn含量。因此,根際Cd2+顯著降低了根系胞液中的Zn向地上部的轉(zhuǎn)運率。
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中圖分類號:X171.5
文獻標(biāo)志碼:A
文章編號:1672-2043(2016)05-0834-08
doi:10.11654/jaes.2016.05.003
收稿日期:2015-11-14
基金項目:2015年中國農(nóng)科院科技創(chuàng)新工程項目(2015-cxgc-lzq);公益性行業(yè)(農(nóng)業(yè))科研專項(201403015)
作者簡介:尹潔(1991—),女,四川資中人,碩士研究生,從事植物營養(yǎng)學(xué)研究。E-mail:at19910503@163.com
*通信作者:王景安E-mali:jinganwang899@126.com;劉仲齊E-mail:liuzhongqi508@163.com
Effects of zinc supply on absorption and translocation of cadmium in rice seedlings
YIN Jie1,2, ZHAO Yan-ling2, XU You2, GAO Zi-ping2, CUI Guan-nan2, WANG Jing-an1*, LIU Zhong-qi2*
(1.Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; 2.Research Centre for Remediation of Agro-Environmental Pollution, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China)
Abstract:Plant nutrition may influence the uptake of heavy metals by plants. Deficiency or toxicity of metal cations in soils reduces plant growth, crop yield, and the quality of plant foodstuff. Zinc(Zn)is an essential micronutrient for plants. Controlling Zn content in plant tissues is critical to plant normal growth and development. Many transporters and channels in the plasma membranes of plant cells are thought to balance the concentrations of essential metals such as Zn, and to unselectively transport toxic elements, e.g. cadmium(Cd). However, the molecular bases of the interactions between Zn and Cd remains poorly understood. In this study, the effects of different Zn2+concentrations on the seedlings growth, the uptake and translocation of Cd2+and Zn2+by japonica rice seedlings under Cd2+stresses were studied in solution culture. Rice plants were grown for 5 days in nutrient solution containing two levels of Cd(0 μmol·L-1and 2.7 μmol·L-1)and three levels of Zn(0 mmol·L-1, 1.2 mmol·L-1, and 1.4 mmol·L-1). Results showed that supplying 1.2 mmol·L-1and 1.4 mmol·L-1Zn2+significantly increased the number of root tips as well as roots and shoots biomass of rice seedlings, which decreased root Cd2+by 86.4%and 97.5%, and shoot Cd2+by 62.6%and 73.3%, respectively. Most Cd2+was distributed in the cell wall(F1)and cell sap(F3)of roots and shoots. Cadmium in the organelle(F2)parts was only about 5.4%in roots and 9.4%in shoots. Adding Zn2+significantly reduced Cd concentrations in F1 and F3 of roots, but increased Cd2+distribution percentages in F3 of roots. Under exogenous Zn2+, Cd concentrations in root cell sap were lower than 12.8 mg·kg-1FW, whereas Cd2+translocation ratio from root cell sap to shoot was significantly enhanced.
Keywords:japonica rice; zinc; cadmium; accumulation; translocation; subcellular distribution