雷 蕾, 羅和生, 譚詩云
武漢大學(xué)人民醫(yī)院消化內(nèi)科,湖北 武漢 430060
血清TXNIP在非酒精性脂肪性肝病中的臨床意義
雷 蕾, 羅和生, 譚詩云
武漢大學(xué)人民醫(yī)院消化內(nèi)科,湖北 武漢 430060
目的 檢測非酒精性脂肪性肝病(non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)患者血清硫氧還蛋白結(jié)合蛋白(thioredoxin-interacting protein,TXNIP)濃度水平,探討TXNIP在NAFLD中的臨床意義。方法 用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附法(ELISA)檢測134例NAFLD患者及100名健康對照者血清TXNIP水平,同時收集血糖、血脂等一般資料。結(jié)果 NAFLD組血清TXNIP濃度明顯高于對照組[(423.94±63.46)pg/mlvs(246.74±83.63)pg/ml,P=0.000];脂肪肝炎組血清TXNIP濃度明顯高于單純性脂肪肝組[(473.30±54.48)pg/mlvs(396.84±65.15)pg/ml,P=0.000]。相關(guān)分析表明TXNIP與MDA(r=0.257,P=0.006)、hs-CRP(r=0.178,P=0.018)、TNF-α(r=0.245,P=0.005)、HOMA-IR(r=0.214,P=0.001)呈正相關(guān),但與HDL-c(r=-0.184,P=0.027)、GSH(r=-0.358,P=0.000)呈負相關(guān)。多重線性回歸分析提示MDA、HOMA-IR是影響TXNIP水平的獨立相關(guān)因素,血清TXNIP診斷NAFLD和脂肪肝炎ROC曲線下面積為0.957(0.933~0.980)和0.832(0.755~0.909)。結(jié)論 血清TXNIP與胰島素抵抗、氧化應(yīng)激密切相關(guān),有助于NAFLD診斷及病情檢測。
硫氧還蛋白結(jié)合蛋白;非酒精性脂肪性肝??;臨床意義
隨著人們?nèi)粘I钏降奶岣?,非酒精性脂肪性肝?non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)呈現(xiàn)高發(fā)病率、發(fā)病年輕化等特征[1];若得不到有效干預(yù),少數(shù)可進展為與之相關(guān)的肝硬化和肝癌,已成為一種嚴重危害人民生命健康的常見疾病[2]。
硫氧還蛋白結(jié)合蛋白(thioredoxin-interacting protein,TXNIP)又稱維生素D3上調(diào)蛋白,是視紫紅質(zhì)抑制蛋白家族成員。既往研究[3-4]發(fā)現(xiàn)TXNIP廣泛參與腫瘤、免疫、炎癥反應(yīng)。近年來研究[5]發(fā)現(xiàn)TXNIP能夠與硫氧還蛋白結(jié)合相互作用導(dǎo)致氧化應(yīng)激;TXNIP表達水平增強會導(dǎo)致機體胰島素抵抗[6]。經(jīng)典理論二重打擊學(xué)說明確氧化應(yīng)激和胰島素抵抗是NAFLD發(fā)病的兩大因素[7]。鑒于TXNIP可能在NAFLD發(fā)生發(fā)展中有著重要角色,血清TXNIP在NAFLD中的臨床意義值得研究,本文旨在探討血清TXNIP在NAFLD患者中的表達水平及TXNIP在NAFLD發(fā)病及診斷中的臨床意義。
1.1 一般資料 收集2013年9月-2015年7月在恩施州土家族苗族中心醫(yī)院消化內(nèi)科經(jīng)肝穿刺活檢明確診斷的NAFLD患者134例作為病例組,男76例,女58例,平均年齡(47.70±11.95)歲,單純性非酒精性脂肪肝病92例,脂肪肝炎42例。選取同期健康體檢者100名作為對照組,男55名,女45名,平均年齡(45.11±15.72)歲。肝穿刺須征得患者同意并簽署知情同意書。
1.2 方法 測量受試者身高、體質(zhì)量、腰圍;計算人體質(zhì)量指數(shù)(body mass index,BMI)。所有研究對象清晨抽取空腹靜脈血,檢驗科常規(guī)方法檢測空腹血糖(fasting plasma glucose,F(xiàn)PG)、甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、總膽固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、高密度脂蛋白(high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-c)、低密度脂蛋白(low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-c)及超敏C-反應(yīng)蛋白(high sensitive C-reactive protein,hs-CRP)水平。采用硫代巴比妥酸比色法檢測丙二醛(malodiadehyde,MDA);采用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附法(ELISA)檢測血清TXNIP、TNF-α和還原型谷胱甘肽(reduced glutathione,GSH);采用穩(wěn)態(tài)模型評估法計算胰島素抵抗指數(shù)(HOMA-IR)。
2.1 一般資料比較 病例組和對照組在年齡、性別方面差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05);NAFLD組BMI、腰圍、MDA、LDL-c、TG、TC、hs-CRP、TNF-α、HOMA-IR明顯高于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);而HDL-c、GSH明顯低于對照組(P<0.05,見表1)。
2.2 TXNIP在各組中的分布 NAFLD患者血清TXNIP濃度明顯高于對照組[(423.94±63.46)pg/mlvs(246.74±83.63)pg/ml,P=0.000];脂肪肝炎組患者血清TXNIP濃度明顯高于單純性脂肪肝患者[(473.30±54.48)pg/mlvs(396.84±65.15)pg/ml,P=0.000)]。
表1 一般資料Tab 1 General data
2.3 相關(guān)性分析及多元線性回歸分析 血清TXNIP與年齡(r=0.414,P=0.126)、BMI(r=0.254,P=0.376)、腰圍(r=0.358,P=0.297)、LDL-c(r=0.287,P=0.277)、TG(r=0.426,P=0.126)、TC(r=0.524,P=0.256)無相關(guān)性,而與HDL-c(r=-0.184,P=0.027)、GSH(r=-0.358,P=0.000)負相關(guān),與MDA(r=0.257,P=0.006)、hs-CRP(r=0.178,P=0.018)、TNF-α(r=0.245,P=0.005)、HOMA-IR(r=0.214,P=0.001)正相關(guān)。以TXNIP為因變量,上述與之呈顯著性關(guān)系的指標作為自變量進行多元線性逐步回歸,結(jié)果顯示,MDA、HOMA-IR與TXNIP獨立相關(guān),回歸方程YTXNIP=321.36-12.26XMDA-9.25XHOMA-IR,所得模型決定系數(shù)R2=0.812(F=40.36,P=0.020)。
2.4 TXNIP對NAFLD及脂肪肝炎的檢驗效能分析ROC曲線分析發(fā)現(xiàn),血清TXNIP脂肪因子對NAFLD的檢驗ROC曲線下面積為0.957(0.933~0.980),最佳截點460.11 ng/ml(敏感度71.4%,特異度89.1%,P=0.039),約登指數(shù)為0.606;血清TXNIP對脂肪肝炎診斷曲線下面積為0.832(0.755~0.909),最佳截點313.09 ng/ml(敏感度97.0%,特異度80.0%,P=0.012);約登指數(shù)為0.770(見圖1)。
圖1 血清TXNIP對NAFLD及脂肪肝炎診斷ROC曲線 A:NAFLD; B:脂肪肝炎Fig 1 ROC curve of serum TXNIP in the diagnosis of NAFLD and fatty hepatitis A: NAFLD; B: fatty hepatitis
在NAFLD發(fā)生發(fā)展過程中存在諸多病理生理方面的改變,其中氧化應(yīng)激在NAFLD的發(fā)生發(fā)展進程中起著至關(guān)重要的作用[1]。生理情況下機體氧化應(yīng)激和抗氧化應(yīng)激系統(tǒng)處于穩(wěn)態(tài)平衡狀態(tài),即機體內(nèi)產(chǎn)生氧自由基形成與脂質(zhì)過氧化反應(yīng)的終末產(chǎn)物和保護性抗氧化物質(zhì)處于動態(tài)平衡。在NAFLD發(fā)展過程中這種平衡被打亂導(dǎo)致肝細胞氧化損傷[7]。
TXNIP的基因位于人染色體1q21-22,包含8個外顯子,長4 174 bp,可抑制還原型硫氧還蛋白介導(dǎo)氧化應(yīng)激。在NAFLD模型大鼠中TXNIP表達明顯,進一步研究[8]表明TXNIP表達降低可導(dǎo)致大鼠氧化損傷。然而TXNIP在NAFLD患者中血清表達水平及臨床意義鮮見報道。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)NAFLD組患者血清TXNIP濃度均明顯高于健康對照組;脂肪肝炎患者血清TXNIP濃度亦明顯高于單純性脂肪肝。相關(guān)分析發(fā)現(xiàn)TXNIP與HDL-c、GSH負相關(guān),與MDA、hs-CRP、HOMA-IR正相關(guān)。Wu等[9]在對TXNIP在多囊卵巢綜合征臨床意義進行研究時亦發(fā)現(xiàn)多囊卵巢綜合征患者TXNIP血清水平明顯高于正常對照組,研究同時發(fā)現(xiàn)TXNIP與胰島素敏感性也呈正比,但同時發(fā)現(xiàn)TXNIP與BMI呈正比。Chutkow等[10]發(fā)現(xiàn)剔除TXNIP基因時增強大鼠胰島素敏感性。上述研究提示血清TXNIP濃度增高可能是導(dǎo)致胰島素抵抗的原因之一。其機制可能是TXNIP可以激活NLRP3炎癥體,促使無活性的Caspase-1前體轉(zhuǎn)化為活性Caspase-1,繼而介導(dǎo)IL-1β的釋放。IL-1β可通過正反饋促進自身的表達最終促進機體胰島素抵抗的發(fā)生,發(fā)展[11-12]。Zhou等[13]發(fā)現(xiàn)TXNIP在氧化應(yīng)激介導(dǎo)炎癥時發(fā)揮重要作用,這可能是TXNIP與hs-CRP呈正比的原因。綜上所述,在機體中血清TXNIP增高時可介導(dǎo)氧化應(yīng)激,胰島素抵抗及炎癥的發(fā)生最終導(dǎo)致NAFLD發(fā)生發(fā)展。血清TXNIP在NAFLD患者內(nèi)增高機制及TXNIP對NAFLD的作用分子需進一步探討。
目前,臨床上NAFLD診斷主要依賴影像,但是影像對NAFLD診斷敏感性較低;肝組織活檢作為NAFLD診斷的“金標準”,該方法存在有創(chuàng)性、取樣本存在偏差等缺陷,在臨床上往往不能得到廣泛應(yīng)用[14]。近年來,國內(nèi)外學(xué)者開始探討血清中生物因子運用于NAFLD病情方面的檢測[15]。結(jié)果提示血清TXNIP用于NAFLD診斷及病情監(jiān)測方面檢驗效能良好,在臨床上值得應(yīng)用和推廣。
綜上所述,TXNIP與NAFLD發(fā)生、發(fā)展中氧化應(yīng)激、炎癥、胰島素抵抗緊密相關(guān),且TXNIP在一定程度上可運用于NAFLD診斷。進一步研究探討TXNIP在NAFLD中的分子機制及其上下游調(diào)控因素將具有重要的臨床意義和良好的研究前景。
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(責任編輯:王全楚)
The clinical value of serum TXNIP in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
LEI Lei,LUO Hesheng,TAN Shiyun
Department of Gastroenterology,Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University,Wuhan 430060,China
Objective To detect the serum levels of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD),and to analyze the clinical value of TXNIP in NAFLD. Methods Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the serum TXNIP in 134 patients with NAFLD and 100 healthy controls.Blood glucose,blood lipids and other general information were analyzed.Results The serum TXNIP concentration in NAFLD patients was significantly higher than that in the healthy controls [(423.94±63.46)pg/mlvs(246.74±83.63)pg/ml,P=0.000]. The concentration in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients was also higer than that in simple fatty liver (SFL) patients [(473.30±54.48)pg/mlvs(396.84±65.15)pg/ml,P=0.000]. TXNIP associated positively with MDA (r=0.257,P=0.006),hs-CRP (r=0.178,P=0.018),TNF-α (r=0.245,P=0.005),HOMA-IR (r=0.214,P=0.001),but associated negatively with HDL-c (r=-0.184,P=0.027),GSH (r=-0.358,P=0.000). The areas under theROCcurve of TXNIP in the diagnosis of NFLAD and NASH were 0.957 (0.933-0.980) and 0.832 (0.755-0.909).Conclusion TXNIP is closely related to oxidative stress and insulin resistance in NAFLD. It is useful for disease surveillance and diagnosis of NAFLD by serum TXNIP.
Thioredoxin-interacting protein; Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; Clinical value
10.3969/j.issn.1006-5709.2016.04.008
湖北省自然科學(xué)基金資助項目(2013CFA139)
雷蕾,在讀研究生,主治醫(yī)生,研究方向:慢性肝病發(fā)病機制。E-mail:284825412@qq.com
譚詩云,教授,博士生導(dǎo)師,E-mail:tanshiyun@medmail.com.cn
R575.5
A
1006-5709(2016)04-0391-03
2015-08-13