李永泉 毛旭明 康前進(jìn) 白林泉
摘 要:抗生素生物合成的整個過程由多個環(huán)節(jié)構(gòu)成,受到前體物供給、裝配、外運(yùn)、調(diào)控和抗性等因素的影響,因此形成了相應(yīng)的各種生物合成元件和模塊。其中最為重要的是控制生物合成基因轉(zhuǎn)錄和翻譯等表達(dá)水平的調(diào)控蛋白及其機(jī)制。放線菌的調(diào)控蛋白有全局性、多效性和途徑專一性三種類型,并形成復(fù)雜的級聯(lián)調(diào)控網(wǎng)絡(luò),對抗生素的合成實施嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)目刂?。調(diào)控基因的功能鑒定和調(diào)控機(jī)理的解析是定向提高生物合成基因轉(zhuǎn)錄水平和抗生素產(chǎn)量的重要前提,也是構(gòu)建抗生素高效合成的放線菌底盤生物的必要基礎(chǔ)。在該研究執(zhí)行的前兩年,本研究重點對納他霉素產(chǎn)生菌和天藍(lán)色鏈霉菌的多個重要調(diào)節(jié)基因及其調(diào)控機(jī)制展開了深入的研究??股厣锖铣赏緩絻?yōu)化的重要策略之一是提高生物合成基因及其編碼蛋白的表達(dá)水平,因此,解析抗生素生物合成的調(diào)控機(jī)制是實施該策略的重要前提。該研究對恰塔努加鏈霉菌和天藍(lán)色鏈霉菌中跟那他霉素、十一烷基靈菌紅素和放線紫紅素相關(guān)的多個途徑專一性基因和多效性基因進(jìn)行了功能鑒定,揭示了放線菌抗生素生物合成復(fù)雜而特別的調(diào)控機(jī)制,為途徑優(yōu)化和優(yōu)良底盤生物的構(gòu)建奠定了基礎(chǔ),而且通過調(diào)控基因的改造顯著提高了抗生素的產(chǎn)量或縮短了發(fā)酵周期,已經(jīng)初步顯示出改造調(diào)節(jié)基因是提高抗生素產(chǎn)量的重要合成生物學(xué)策略。
關(guān)鍵詞:抗生素 生物合成 調(diào)控 放線菌
Abstract:The process of antibiotic biosynthesis is affected by precursor availability, assembly, export,regulation and resistance and requires many related components and modules.Regulation and its mechanism plays pivotal role in antibiotic biosynthesis. Actinobacteria ususally have global, pleitropic and pathway-specific regulators, which form a very complicated regulation cascade and exert stringent control on antibiotic biosynthesis. Identifying regulators and elucidating their regulatory mechanisms are essential for antibitic titer increase and engineering of chassis. Herein, many of regulators had been characterized with novel and interesting mechanisms for natamycin and actinorhodin biosynthesis in Streptomyces chattanoogensis and Streptomyces coelicolor.The obtained data pave the way for optimizing the expression of biosynthetic genes, and also proved the efficiency of engineering the regulatory network towards higher titer.
Key Words:Antibiotics;Biosynthesis;Regulation;Actinobacteria
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