盧鐵兵 張波 劉元慶 謝輝春 任成燕

摘 要：交、直流特高壓輸電線路導(dǎo)線電暈放電會(huì)產(chǎn)生較強(qiáng)的無(wú)線電干擾和可聽(tīng)噪聲問(wèn)題，這已成為交直流輸電線路設(shè)計(jì)和運(yùn)行中的決定因素之一。基于電磁場(chǎng)理論、氣體放電理論、電聲學(xué)理論，本研究電暈放電產(chǎn)生無(wú)線電干擾和可聽(tīng)噪聲的機(jī)理，進(jìn)而建立交、直流特高壓輸電線路電暈放電與無(wú)線電干擾和可聽(tīng)噪聲的關(guān)聯(lián)特性，最終獲得交、直流特高壓線路無(wú)線電干擾和可聽(tīng)噪聲的特性及計(jì)算方法。 目前已經(jīng)取得了部分研究成果，初步完成了2013年度預(yù)期目標(biāo)，主要成果包括： （1）基于單點(diǎn)放電、尖板放電、脈沖放電、導(dǎo)線放電等實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)Ｐ?，初步獲得了電暈電流的時(shí)域和頻域統(tǒng)計(jì)特性，開(kāi)展了電暈電流的傳播模型研究，提出了電暈放電初始電流波形的確定方法和無(wú)線電干擾的時(shí)域建模方法； （2）基于電暈放電可聽(tīng)噪聲的近距離測(cè)試方法及時(shí)域測(cè)試技術(shù)，獲得了單點(diǎn)電暈放電產(chǎn)生的可聽(tīng)噪聲的時(shí)域波形，分析了聲場(chǎng)的傳播特性，初步獲得了單點(diǎn)放電可聽(tīng)噪聲時(shí)域波形與電暈放電初始電流時(shí)間波形的關(guān)聯(lián)特征； （3）基于電暈放電模型， 提出了電暈放電空間電荷運(yùn)動(dòng)的數(shù)值模擬方法，建立了電暈電流微觀分析模型； （4）基于直流特高壓電暈籠的大量試驗(yàn)，獲得了正、負(fù)極性直流導(dǎo)線的可聽(tīng)噪聲頻譜規(guī)律，提出了采用8kHz分量法預(yù)測(cè)可聽(tīng)噪聲A聲級(jí)的方法； （5）研究了特高壓直流長(zhǎng)試驗(yàn)線路與短試驗(yàn)線段無(wú)線電干擾和可聽(tīng)噪聲的轉(zhuǎn)換關(guān)系，提出了利用短試驗(yàn)線段測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)估計(jì)輸電線路無(wú)線電干擾和可聽(tīng)噪聲的方法； （6）對(duì)交流特高壓試驗(yàn)示范工程輸電線路的無(wú)線電干擾進(jìn)行了長(zhǎng)期監(jiān)測(cè)，獲得了冬季和夏季無(wú)線電干擾的統(tǒng)計(jì)特性，通過(guò)統(tǒng)計(jì)分析，初步獲得了特高壓交流線路無(wú)線電干擾、可聽(tīng)噪聲的經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式。 2013年度的研究成果，對(duì)后續(xù)可聽(tīng)噪聲產(chǎn)生機(jī)理的研究及可聽(tīng)噪聲的預(yù)測(cè)方法的研究奠定了較好的實(shí)驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)，為后續(xù)無(wú)線電干擾特性及產(chǎn)生機(jī)理研究奠定了理論和實(shí)驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)。

關(guān)鍵詞：特高壓輸電線路 無(wú)線電干擾 可聽(tīng)噪聲 產(chǎn)生機(jī)理 本征特性

Abstract：Abstract-Radio interference and audible noise caused by corona discharge have become decisive factors in design of UHV AC and DC transmission lines. This project aims to investigate characteristics and generation mechanism of radio interference and audible noise through electromagnetic theory， gas discharge theory and electro-acoustic theory. The final targets are to establish correlated relationship of radio interference and audible noise with corona discharge， to obtain characteristics of radio interference and audible noise， and to provide a new method for predicting radio interference and audible noise. Initial targets for 2013 have been completed. Major achievements obtained can be shown as follows： （1）The statistical characteristics of corona current in time-domain and in frequency-domain were obtained， based on experiment models including single corona discharge， point-to-plane corona discharge， and etc. The method to determine initial corona current waveform and propagation model for corona current were proposed. Besides， modeling method for radio interference in time domain was presented. （2）The waveforms of audible noise from single corona discharge source were obtained through test near corona source in time domain. The propagation characteristics of audible noise were analyzed. Correlated relationship in time domain between audible noise and corona current was achieved. （3）A numerical simulation method for dynamic characteristics of space charges and microscopic analysis model for corona current were presented. （4）The frequency spectrum characteristics of audible noise from positive corona were obtained through tests in corona cage. A method to predict A-weighted sound pressure level was presented based on the component of 8kHz. （5）The transformation relation between long and short lines for radio interference and audible noise was derived， which is used to estimate radio interference and audile noise based on measurement data from short lines. （6）The statistical characteristics of radio interference in summer and in winter were obtained based on long time tests for the UHV AC transmission lines. Empirical formulas for radio interference and audible noise were derived by statistical analysis. The research results establish a good experimental basis for studying mechanism and getting accurate prediction method for radio interference and audible noise from UHV transmission lines.

Key word：UHV transmission lines； raido interference； audible noise； generation mechanism；intrinsic characteristics

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