趙小淑

所謂部分倒裝，則是指將謂語的一部分如助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)倒裝至主語之前。如果句中的謂語沒有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，則需添加助動(dòng)詞do， does或did，并將其置于主語之前。然而在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中，有的是主句倒裝，而有的卻是在從句部分倒裝，甚至還有特殊情況，這無疑增加了學(xué)生理解和掌握的難度。為了幫助學(xué)生更輕松地理解并掌握，我個(gè)人覺得可以從以下幾方面去學(xué)習(xí)：

一、主句部分倒裝

1. Only及其狀語位于句首時(shí)要部分倒裝，如果狀語是從句時(shí)，只要求主句部分倒裝：

例：Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.

2. so /such …that…句型中，若將so+adj/adv.或者such+n.提到句首時(shí)，則將主句變成部分倒裝句：

例：So shallow is the river that we can see the fish clearly.

Such a shy girl is she that she seldom speaks to anyone except her parents.

3. 以否定或半否定意義的副詞或介詞短語開頭的句子要求部分倒裝。常見的否定副詞有： no， not， never， seldom， little， hardly， barely，little， not nearly， not only，at no time； by no means； for no reason； in no case； in/under no circumstances； in no sense； in no way； on no account； on no consideration； at no point等。但是，當(dāng)not until引出主從復(fù)合句，則要求主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。

例：In no country other than Britain， it had been said， can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.

Not until he failed again did John change his mind.

典型例題：

Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.

A. man did know B. man know

C. didn't man know D. did man know

答案D. 看到Not until…的句型，我們知道為一倒裝句，答案在C，D 中選一個(gè)。改寫為正常語序：Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 現(xiàn)在將not提前，后面就不能再用否定了，否則意思就變了。

二、從句部分倒裝

1.當(dāng) as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，從句部分要求部分倒裝，具體做法是將從句中的表語或狀語（形容詞， 副詞， 分詞， 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）提前。

注意：

1）句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。

2）句首是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞， 其他助動(dòng)詞放在主語后。如果實(shí)義動(dòng)詞有賓語和狀語， 隨實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起放在主語之前。

Girl as she is， she behaves like a boy.

Try hard as he will， he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.

Hard as he worked， he did not pass the exam.

2.在if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句中從句謂語動(dòng)詞有were， had， should等詞，可將if 省略，把 were， had， should 移到主語之前，采取部分倒裝。

Were I you， I would try it again.

Had I followed the doctors advice， I would have returned.

三、其它

1. so， neither， nor表示“也”、“也不” 的句子要部分倒裝。

例：Tom can speak French， so can Jack.

If you won't go， neither will I.

典型例題

—Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother？

—I don't know， _____.

A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also

答案：B. nor為增補(bǔ)意思“也不關(guān)心”，因此句子應(yīng)倒裝。A錯(cuò)在用 don't 再次否定，C neither 用法不對且缺乏連詞。D缺乏連詞。

注意： 當(dāng)so引出的句子用以對上文內(nèi)容加以證實(shí)或肯定時(shí)，不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。意為“的確如此”。

例：Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.

—It's raining hard. —So it is.

2. Not only… but also連接兩個(gè)分句時(shí)，才在第一個(gè)分句用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如果置于句首的Not only… but also僅連接兩個(gè)并列詞語，不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。

例：Not only you but also I am fond of music.

Not only does he teach us English， he also serves as a guide in our life.