肖榮,康馬飛,駱梅青,董翠梅,劉秀麗
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重組人白細(xì)胞介素-11對(duì)肺腺癌A549細(xì)胞增殖、遷移和侵襲的影響
肖榮,康馬飛△,駱梅青,董翠梅,劉秀麗
摘要:目的觀察重組人白細(xì)胞介素-11(rhIL-11)對(duì)肺腺癌A549細(xì)胞增殖、遷移和侵襲的影響,并初步探討其影響機(jī)制。方法分別以0、10、20、50、100 μg/L終濃度的rhIL-11作用于A549細(xì)胞,MTT法測定A549細(xì)胞增殖程度;用0、10、40、80 μg/L終濃度的rhIL-11作用于A549細(xì)胞,劃痕實(shí)驗(yàn)和Transwell侵襲實(shí)驗(yàn)測定A549細(xì)胞的遷移和侵襲能力;Western blot檢測基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶(MMP)-2和MMP-9蛋白水平的表達(dá)。結(jié)果rhIL-11對(duì)A549細(xì)胞增殖能力無影響;rhIL-11作用于A549細(xì)胞后,細(xì)胞的遷移和侵襲能力顯著增強(qiáng);rhIL-11能顯著上調(diào)MMP-2和MMP-9的表達(dá),且表達(dá)隨rhIL-11濃度的增高而增高(P < 0.05)。結(jié)論rhIL-11能夠促進(jìn)A549細(xì)胞的遷移和侵襲,促進(jìn)MMP-2、MMP-9上調(diào)為其可能的機(jī)制之一。
關(guān)鍵詞:白細(xì)胞介素11;癌,非小細(xì)胞肺;細(xì)胞遷移分析;腫瘤侵潤;基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶2;基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶9;重組人白細(xì)胞介素11
白細(xì)胞介素(IL)-11屬于IL -6因子家族,是一種由人骨髓基質(zhì)細(xì)胞及間質(zhì)細(xì)胞分泌的多功能細(xì)胞因子。重組人白細(xì)胞介素11(rhIL-11)因參與調(diào)控血小板的生成而被臨床用于治療各種原因引起的血小板減少癥,尤其是放化療后的血小板減少。然而,研究發(fā)現(xiàn),rhIL-11對(duì)胃癌細(xì)胞的侵襲和遷移能力有促進(jìn)作用[1]。但rhIL-11對(duì)A549肺腺癌細(xì)胞的增殖、遷移與侵襲能力的影響尚鮮見報(bào)道。本研究旨在觀察rhIL-11對(duì)人肺腺癌細(xì)胞株A549細(xì)胞增殖、遷移與侵襲能力的影響,并對(duì)其可能的機(jī)制進(jìn)行探討。
1.1主要材料與試劑人非小細(xì)胞肺腺癌細(xì)胞株A549購自中科院上海細(xì)胞保藏中心。細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)基購自美國GIBICO公司。胎牛血清購自Hyclone。細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)板購自廣州杰特生物公司。Transwell小室購自美國BD公司。兔源GAPDH抗體、基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶(MMP)-2、MMP-9抗體購自萬類生物公司。羊抗兔二抗購自北京中杉金橋有限公司。rhIL-11由齊魯制藥有限公司生產(chǎn)。
1.2細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)人肺腺癌A549細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)于含10%的胎牛血清PRMI1640培養(yǎng)液中,置于37℃,5%CO2飽和濕度環(huán)境中培養(yǎng)。
1.3MTT法檢測rhIL-11對(duì)A549細(xì)胞增殖的影響取對(duì)數(shù)生長期A549細(xì)胞,制成1.75×104/mL的細(xì)胞懸液,每孔3 500個(gè)接種于96孔板,次日加入不同濃度的rhIL-11,終濃度分別為10、20、50、100 μg/L,對(duì)照組正常培養(yǎng),每組設(shè)6個(gè)平行孔,37℃培養(yǎng)24、48、72h。以MTT法檢測細(xì)胞增殖水平。
1.4劃痕實(shí)驗(yàn)檢測rhIL-11對(duì)A549細(xì)胞遷移能力的影響用Marker筆在6孔板背后標(biāo)記6條Marker線。取對(duì)數(shù)生長期A549細(xì)胞接種到6孔板中,每孔接約15×104個(gè)細(xì)胞,放入37℃,5%CO2培養(yǎng)箱培養(yǎng),24h后細(xì)胞鋪滿開始劃痕實(shí)驗(yàn)。用滅菌的200 μL黃色槍頭在每個(gè)孔中間劃一條痕,PBS洗2遍,去除劃下的細(xì)胞,用正置顯微鏡拍照。換不同濃度的rhIL-11(10、40、80 μg /L)無血清培養(yǎng)液繼續(xù)培養(yǎng),對(duì)照組用無血清培養(yǎng)基代替藥物,每組設(shè)3個(gè)平行。24h后顯微鏡拍照,對(duì)應(yīng)Marker線測量劃痕距離。用Photoshop中的直方圖測量間距大小,表示不同組細(xì)胞發(fā)生遷移的距離。將對(duì)照組遷移距離大小設(shè)為100%,實(shí)驗(yàn)組遷移比例為:(實(shí)驗(yàn)組遷移距離-對(duì)照組遷移距離)/對(duì)照組遷移距離×100%。數(shù)據(jù)分析后作圖。
1.5Transwell實(shí)驗(yàn)檢測rhIL-11對(duì)A549細(xì)胞侵襲能力的影響取對(duì)數(shù)生長期的細(xì)胞。終止消化后離心棄去培養(yǎng)液,用PBS洗1~2遍,再用無血清培養(yǎng)基重懸,徹底去除血清干擾,調(diào)整細(xì)胞密度1×105個(gè)。在孔徑為8 μm Transwell小室里加入制備好的細(xì)胞懸液,同時(shí)加入不同濃度的rhIL-11(10、40、80 μg /L)處理,小室內(nèi)液體總體積為200 μL。24孔板中加入500 μL含10%胎牛血清的完全培養(yǎng)基。將Transwell小室放入24孔板中。將帶有小室的24孔板置于37℃,5%CO2培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng),24h后取出,固定,0.1%結(jié)晶紫染色,正置顯微鏡100倍鏡下拍照,數(shù)據(jù)分析后作圖。
1.6Western blot檢測MMP-2、MMP-9表達(dá)水平A549細(xì)胞用不同濃度的rhIL-11(0、10、40、80 μg /L)處理24h后,用PBS洗3次,收集細(xì)胞并抽提蛋白,12 000 r/min,4℃離心20min,取上清蛋白液,用BCA蛋白定量試劑盒定量。取25 μg蛋白加入5×SDS-PAGE上樣緩沖液,100℃煮沸10min,10% SDS-PAGE電泳分離,260mA轉(zhuǎn)膜90min,5%牛奶室溫封閉1h,TBST洗膜5min×6次,加入MMP-2(1∶500),MMP-9(1∶500)一抗4℃孵育過夜,TBST洗膜5min×6次,加HPR標(biāo)記二抗(1∶5 000)室溫1h,TBST洗膜5min×6次。以GAPDH為內(nèi)參對(duì)照,實(shí)驗(yàn)重復(fù)3次。
1.7統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法使用SPSS 18.0軟件完成統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析,計(jì)量資料用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(±s)表示,多組間均數(shù)比較采用單因素方差分析及重復(fù)測量資料的方差分析,組間多重比較采用LSD-t檢驗(yàn),以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1rhIl-11對(duì)A549細(xì)胞增殖的作用不同濃度、不同時(shí)間的rhIL-11組處理后均對(duì)A549細(xì)胞增殖無明顯影響,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,見表1。
Tab.1 Effects of different times and different concentrations of rhIL-11 on proliferation of A549 cells表1 不同濃度rhIL-11作用不同時(shí)間對(duì)A549細(xì)胞增殖的影響?。╪=6,±s)
Tab.1 Effects of different times and different concentrations of rhIL-11 on proliferation of A549 cells表1 不同濃度rhIL-11作用不同時(shí)間對(duì)A549細(xì)胞增殖的影響?。╪=6,±s)
F分組=1.151,F(xiàn)時(shí)間=3.243,F(xiàn)交互=2.469,均P>0.05
組別0 μg/L 10 μg/L 20 μg/L 50 μg/L 100 μg/L 24h 0.48±0.01 0.49±0.01 0.50±0.01 0.51±0.00 0.51±0.01 48h 0.65±0.01 0.64±0.01 0.63±0.02 0.69±0.01 0.71±0.00 72h 0.85±0.01 0.84±0.01 0.82±0.02 0.80±0.00 0.79±0.00
2.2rhIL-11對(duì)A549遷移及侵襲能力有促進(jìn)作用
2.2.1劃痕實(shí)驗(yàn)細(xì)胞劃痕后,用不同濃度0、10、40、80 μg/L rhIL-11處理A549細(xì)胞24h后,100倍倒置顯微鏡鏡下觀察細(xì)胞劃痕愈合情況,見圖1。不同濃度rhIL-11作用24h后A549細(xì)胞的遷移率明顯上升(P < 0.05),見表2。
a、b、c、d分別表示rhIL-11濃度為0、10、40、80 μg/L;上、下圖分別為不同濃度的rhIL-11作用0、24hFig.1 Effects of different concentrations of rhIL-11 onmigration of A549 cells(×100)圖1 不同濃度rhIL-11對(duì)A549細(xì)胞遷移能力的影響(×100)
Tab.2 Effects of different concentrations of rhIL-11 on invasion of A549 cells表2 不同濃度rhIL-11對(duì)A549細(xì)胞遷移及侵襲能力的影響?。╪=6,±s)
Tab.2 Effects of different concentrations of rhIL-11 on invasion of A549 cells表2 不同濃度rhIL-11對(duì)A549細(xì)胞遷移及侵襲能力的影響?。╪=6,±s)
**P < 0.01;a與(1)組比較,b與(2)組比較,c與(3)組比較,P < 0.05;表3同
組別0 μg/L組(1)10 μg/L組(2)40 μg/L組(3)80 μg/L組(4)F細(xì)胞遷移率(%)19.94±0.44 24.83±0.54a35.91±0.61ab56.71±0.75abc60.453**侵襲細(xì)胞數(shù)(個(gè))117.75±15.71 164.39±13.14a192.83±17.44ab293.62±3.13abc236.961**
2.2.2Transwell侵襲實(shí)驗(yàn)A549細(xì)胞在Transwell小室內(nèi)經(jīng)不同濃度rhIL-11處理24h后,侵襲能力明顯增強(qiáng),并呈現(xiàn)濃度依賴性(P<0.05),見表2、圖2。
Fig.2 Effects of different concentrations of rhIL-11 on invasion of A549 cells圖2 不同濃度rhIL-11對(duì)A549細(xì)胞侵襲能力的影響(結(jié)晶紫,×100)
2.3rhIL-11對(duì)侵襲相關(guān)蛋白表達(dá)的影響經(jīng)不同濃度rhIL-11作用24h后,A549細(xì)胞MMP-9和MMP-2表達(dá)均上調(diào),且呈現(xiàn)濃度依賴性(P<0.05),見表3、圖3。
IL-11是細(xì)胞因子IL-6家族中的一員,與IL-6共用GP130信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)受體亞單位[2],是骨髓基質(zhì)細(xì)胞分泌的一種多功能造血調(diào)控因子,對(duì)造血細(xì)胞尤其是巨核細(xì)胞具有重要的調(diào)控作用,對(duì)神經(jīng)細(xì)胞、脂肪細(xì)胞及小腸腺窩絨毛干細(xì)胞等非造血細(xì)胞亦具有明顯的生物活性,在骨髓造血調(diào)控中發(fā)揮重要作用。有研究證明,外源性IL-11可有效地促進(jìn)各種原因所致血小板減少癥的恢復(fù)[3-4]。然而,近期研究顯示,IL-11過表達(dá)與腫瘤的發(fā)生發(fā)展和轉(zhuǎn)移有關(guān)[5-7]。
Tab.3 Effects of different concentrations of rhIL-11 on expressions ofmMP-9 andmMP-2 of A549 cells表3 不同濃度rhIL-11對(duì)A549細(xì)胞MMP-9和MMP-2表達(dá)的影響?。╪=6,%,±s)
Tab.3 Effects of different concentrations of rhIL-11 on expressions ofmMP-9 andmMP-2 of A549 cells表3 不同濃度rhIL-11對(duì)A549細(xì)胞MMP-9和MMP-2表達(dá)的影響 (n=6,%,±s)
組別0 μg/L組(1)10 μg/L組(2)40 μg/L組(3)80 μg/L組(4)FmMP-9 24.12±0.00 38.54±0.00a43.71±0.01ab53.04±0.00abc55.471**MMP-2 13.63±0.00 18.92±0.00a24.32±0.00ab28.92±0.00abc28.567**
Fig.3 Effects of different concentrations of rhIL-11 on expressions ofmMP-9 andmMP-2 of A549 cells圖3 不同濃度rhIL-11對(duì)A549細(xì)胞MMP-9和MMP-2表達(dá)的影響
有研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)外源性IL-11對(duì)胃癌細(xì)胞并無明顯促增殖作用,但對(duì)腫瘤細(xì)胞的增殖能力可能有潛在的促進(jìn)作用[8]。本研究結(jié)果則發(fā)現(xiàn)rhIL-11對(duì)A549細(xì)胞的增殖能力無明顯影響。此結(jié)果與上述研究結(jié)果不符,是否與瘤種不同有關(guān),或者與長時(shí)間、高濃度的rhIL-11作用有關(guān),有待于進(jìn)一步研究證實(shí)。本研究結(jié)果表明,外源性IL-11對(duì)A549細(xì)胞的遷移和侵襲能力有促進(jìn)作用,這一作用亦在分子水平上得以證實(shí),在外源性IL-11的作用下,與腫瘤細(xì)胞侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移相關(guān)的MMP-2和MMP-9蛋白表達(dá)量增加,并呈現(xiàn)一定的濃度依賴效應(yīng)。MMP-2 和MMP-9是降解Ⅳ型膠原最主要的酶,Ⅳ型膠原酶對(duì)腫瘤細(xì)胞向外擴(kuò)散和轉(zhuǎn)移極為重要。國內(nèi)外實(shí)驗(yàn)研究結(jié)果證實(shí),MMP-2和MMP-9與肺癌的發(fā)生、發(fā)展、浸潤、轉(zhuǎn)移和預(yù)后密切相關(guān)[9-10]。腫瘤侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移的機(jī)制非常復(fù)雜,可能通過多條通路實(shí)現(xiàn),很多與腫瘤侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移有關(guān)的通路的激活都涉及到MMP-2和MMP-9的異常表達(dá)[11-12]。另外,在很多研究中,抑制MMP-2和MMP-9的表達(dá)可明顯抑制腫瘤的侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移[13- 15]。本研究顯示rhIL-11對(duì)MMP-2和MMP-9的蛋白表達(dá)有顯著的上調(diào)作用,提示外源性IL-11對(duì)肺癌A549細(xì)胞的侵襲和遷移能力有顯著的增強(qiáng)作用。
本研究結(jié)果顯示,外源性IL-11對(duì)A549細(xì)胞的遷移和侵襲能力有顯著的促進(jìn)作用。但臨床上使用rhIL-11是否促使腫瘤浸潤轉(zhuǎn)移,有待于臨床隨機(jī)對(duì)照研究證實(shí)。
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(2015-06-24收稿2015-09-17修回)
(本文編輯李國琪)
Effects of recombinanthuman interleukin 11(rhIL-11) on proliferation,migration and invasion of pulmonary adenocarcinoma A549 cells
XIAO Rong, KANGmafei△, LUOmeiqing, DONG Cuimei, LIU Xiuli
Department ofmedical Oncology, the Affiliatedhospital of Guilinmedical College, Guilin 541001, China
△Corresponding Author E-mail: kmfgl@163.com
Abstract:Objective To observe the effects of recombinanthuman interleukin 11(rhIL-11) on proliferation,migration and invasion of A549 cells, and themechanism thereof.Methods Final concentrations of 0, 10, 20, 50 and 100 μg/L rhIL-11 were added into pulmonary adenocarcinoma A549 cells.The cell proliferation was detected bymTT.The wound-healing, transwellmigration assay were used to validate the capability of themigration and invasion of A549 cells.Matrixmetallopro?teinases (MMP)-2 andmMP-9 protein expressions were revealed by Western blot assay.Results The proliferation of A549 cells was not significantly changed by rhIL-11.The cell capability tomigrate and invade was significantly increased 24h af?ter treatment with rhIL-11 (P < 0.05).The expression levels ofmMP-2 andmMP-9 were significantly un-regulated, and which were increased with the increased concentrations of rhIL-11 (P < 0.05).ConclusionrhIL-11 can promote themigra?tion and invasion of A549 cells, and the up-regulation ofmMP-2 andmMP-9 expressionmight be one of themechanisms.
Key words:interleukin-11; carcinoma, non-small-cell lung; cellmigration assays; neoplasm invasiveness;matrixme?talloproteinase 2;matrixmetalloproteinase 9; rhIL-11
通訊作者△E-mail:kmfgl@163.com
作者簡介:肖榮(1990),女,碩士研究生,主要從事腫瘤的基礎(chǔ)與臨床研究
基金項(xiàng)目:桂林市科技攻關(guān)項(xiàng)目(20150126-1-2)
中圖分類號(hào):R734.2
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A
DOI:10.11958/51942
作者單位:桂林醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬醫(yī)院腫瘤內(nèi)科(郵編541001)