依力夏提·依麻木+再努拉·阿不都艾尼
【摘要】目的探討血清胱抑素C(CysC)在糖尿病腎病(DN)患者中的變化和臨床應(yīng)用價(jià)值。方法選取符合Mogensen原則中Ⅲ、Ⅳ期的75例DN患者作為研究對(duì)象(觀察組),根據(jù)24 h尿白蛋白排泄率(UAER)及尿蛋白由高到低分為A、B、C三組各25例,另選擇門(mén)診健康體檢者28例作為對(duì)照組,測(cè)定所有入選對(duì)象的血清CysC、肌酐(Cre)、尿素氮(BUN)、空腹血糖(FBG)、總膽固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDLC)、高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(HDLC)和糖化血紅蛋白(HbAlc)等指標(biāo)。結(jié)果觀察組的FBG、HbAlc、CysC、Cre和BUN水平顯著高于健康對(duì)照組(P<0.05或0.01),HDLC水平顯著低于健康對(duì)照組(P<0.01)。觀察組的TC、TG和LDLC與健康對(duì)照組比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。觀察組(A+B+C組)中三項(xiàng)指標(biāo)檢測(cè)陽(yáng)性率分別為76.0%(57/75)、65.3%(49/75)和62.7%(47/75),差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=3.4314,v=2,P=0.1798)。C組三項(xiàng)指標(biāo)的檢測(cè)陽(yáng)性率分別為36%、12%和8%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=7.5527,v=2,P=0.0229),進(jìn)一步兩兩比較發(fā)現(xiàn), C組CysC檢測(cè)的陽(yáng)性率高于Cre和BUN的陽(yáng)性率(均P<0.05)。觀察組患者24 h UAER水平與CysC、Cre和BUN之間均存在正相關(guān)關(guān)系(r分別為0.95、0.86和0.68,均P<0.01)。結(jié)論 血清CysC是反映腎小球損傷的重要標(biāo)志物,其能夠更早、更準(zhǔn)確、更敏感地監(jiān)測(cè)腎臟的損傷情況,對(duì)DN的發(fā)生、發(fā)展及預(yù)后有一定的參考價(jià)值。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 糖尿病腎?。谎錍ysC;24 h UAER;尿蛋白
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):R587.2文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:ADOI:10.3969/j.issn.10031383.2015.06.010
Value of serum cystatin C in early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy
Yilixiatir ?偊b Yimamu1,Zainula ?偊b Abuduaini2
(1.Nephropathy Department,People s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Urumqi 830001;
2. Internal 4th Medical Department of Midong Hospital Affiliated to Peoples Hospital of Xinjiang
Uygur Autonomous Region,Urumqi 830000,Xinjiang,China)
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical significance and level changes of serum cystatin C(CysC) on patients with diabetic nephropathy(DN).Methods75 DN patients with stage Ⅲ or Ⅳ according to Mogensen principle were selected as study objects(observation group),and they were divided into group A,group B,and group C according to 24 h urinary albumin exeretion rate(UAER) and urinary protein high to low.Meanwhile,28 healthy people who received physical examination in clinic at the same time were selected as control group.Then,indexes of all study objects like serum CysC,creatinine(Cre),urea nitrogen(BUN),fasting blood glucose(FBG),total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDLC),highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol(HDLC) and glycosylated hemoglobin(HbAlc) etc.were tested.Results Levels of FBG,HbAlc,serum CysC,Cre and BUN of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05 or 0.01),but HDLC level was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.01).Difference of TC,TG and LDLC of the observation group and the control group was not statistically significant(P>0.05).And positive rate of TC,TG and LDLC of the observation group(group A+group B+group C) was 76.0% (57/75),65.3%(49/75) and 627%(47/75),respectively,difference was not statistically significant(χ2=3.4314,v=2,P=0.1798).Positive rate of TC,TG and LDLC of the group C was 36%,12% and 8%,respectively,difference was statistically significant (χ2=7.5527,v=2,P=0.0229).Further comparison showed that positive rate of CysC was higher than that of the Cre and BUN in the group C (all P<0.05).Level of 24 h UAER was positively correlated with CysC,Cre and BUN(r was 0.95,0.86 and 0.68 respectively,all P<0.01).ConclusionSerum CysC is an important marker of reflecting glomerular damage.It can monitor the renal damage earlier,more accurate and more sensitive,which has certain reference value on genesis,development and prognosis of DN.endprint
【Key words】DN;serum CysC;24 h UAER;proteinuria
糖尿病腎?。―N)是糖尿病引起的危害性最大的一種慢性并發(fā)癥,具有患病率高、知曉率低、合并心腦血管疾病概率大、晚期腎臟替代治療的療效低等特點(diǎn)[1]。其中超過(guò)50%的病人最終死于終末期腎病[2]。以往DN患者主要依靠腎功能指標(biāo)(尿素氮和肌酐)進(jìn)行診斷,目前學(xué)者們多推薦胱抑素C(CysC)作為評(píng)定早期DN損傷情況的有效指標(biāo)[3]。本研究分別測(cè)定并比較不同程度DN、健康體檢人員的CysC,旨在探討CysC作為DN患者早期腎損傷的診斷價(jià)值。
1對(duì)象與方法1.1研究對(duì)象選擇門(mén)診及住院治療的DN患者,均符合1999年WHO關(guān)于糖尿病的診斷和分型標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。選取符合Mogensen原則中Ⅲ、Ⅳ期的75例DN患者作為研究對(duì)象(觀察組),根據(jù)24 h尿白蛋白排泄率(UAER)及蛋白尿(proteinuria)水平,將觀察組患者分為如下三個(gè)亞組: A組(UAER≥300 mg/24 h,且proteinuria>3.0 g/24 h)25例,B組(UAER≥300 mg/24 h,但0.5 g/24 h
1.2主要儀器和試劑全自動(dòng)生化分析儀7600(日本東芝);全自動(dòng)糖化血紅蛋白檢測(cè)儀 G8(日本東曹);CysC檢測(cè)試劑盒(北京萬(wàn)泰德瑞診斷技術(shù)有限公司);24 h UAER檢測(cè)試劑盒(Orion Diagnostica Oy)??崭寡牵‵BG)、肌酐(Cre)、尿素氮(BUN)、總膽固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDLC)和高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(HDLC)試劑盒(上??迫A生物工程股份有限公司)。
1.3標(biāo)本采集及測(cè)定所有受檢者空腹采血3 ml,3500 r/min離心5 min后,取上層血清置于-80℃冰凍保存待測(cè)。24小時(shí)尿液留取,所有尿液混合均勻后記錄總體積,并取5 ml檢測(cè)24 h UAER及尿蛋白(免疫比濁法)。嚴(yán)格按試劑盒說(shuō)明書(shū)操作,檢測(cè)上述相關(guān)生化指標(biāo)。
1.4統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法應(yīng)用SPSS 19.0軟件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析,正態(tài)分布的計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(±s)表示,組間比較采用兩獨(dú)立樣本均數(shù)t檢驗(yàn),各個(gè)指標(biāo)的相關(guān)性采用直線相關(guān)分析, P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2結(jié)果2.1觀察組與對(duì)照組各項(xiàng)觀察指標(biāo)的比較觀察組的FBG、HbAlc、CysC、Cre和BUN水平顯著高于健康對(duì)照組(P<0.05或0.01),HDLC水平顯著低于健康對(duì)照組(P<0.01)。觀察組的TC、TG和LDLC與健康對(duì)照組比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見(jiàn)表1。
表1兩組各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)的比較(±s)
組別nFBG(mmol/L)HbAlc(%)CysC(mg/L)Cre(μmol/L)BUN(mmol/L)對(duì)照組285.02±0.385.21±0.500.85±0.1666.24±16.154.97±1.09觀察組759.11±3.378.41±2. 622.21±1.58196.12±214.0711.97±9.67t-6.38746.40064.53223.19723.8098P-0.00000.00000.00000.00190.0002
(續(xù)表1)組別nTC(mmol/L)TG(mmol/L)LDLC(mmol/L)HDLC(mmol/L)對(duì)照組284.25±0.780.97±0.312.34±0.581.30±0.16觀察組754.64±1.411.26±1.112.57±0.921.10±0.17t-1.38391.35901.23255.3952P-0.16940.17720.22060.0000
2.2CysC、Cre和BUN在DN中的檢出率觀察組(A+B+C組)中三項(xiàng)指標(biāo)檢測(cè)陽(yáng)性率分別為760%(57/75)、65.3%(49/75)和62.7%(47/75),差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=3.4314,v=2,P=0.1798)。其中C組三項(xiàng)指標(biāo)的檢測(cè)陽(yáng)性率分別為36%、12%和8%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=75527,v=2,P=0.0229),進(jìn)一步兩兩比較發(fā)現(xiàn), C組CysC檢測(cè)的陽(yáng)性率高于Cre和BUN的陽(yáng)性率(均P<0.05),提示CysC的檢測(cè)敏感性最高。
2.3CysC、BUN和Cre與24 h UAER的相關(guān)性分析觀察組患者24 h UAER水平與CysC、Cre和BUN之間均存在正相關(guān)關(guān)系(r分別為0.95、0.86和068,均P<0.01)。
3討論DN是糖尿病最常見(jiàn)的微血管并發(fā)癥之一,以腎小球硬化為主要表現(xiàn),且無(wú)論是1型還是2型糖尿病病人,出現(xiàn)腎臟損害的概率均為30%~40%,目前認(rèn)為糖尿病患者的腎功能下降與遺傳因素、糖脂代謝異常、血流動(dòng)力學(xué)改變、炎癥因子、氧化應(yīng)激等均有關(guān)[4,5],但尚未查明其確切的發(fā)病機(jī)制。CysC可作為評(píng)定糖尿病并發(fā)腎臟損傷的靈敏度較高的指標(biāo)之一[6,7]。CysC最主要的優(yōu)點(diǎn)在于變異比Cre小很多[8],利于其較早地發(fā)現(xiàn)腎臟損傷情況[9]。本研究結(jié)果顯示:CysC可提示潛在的腎損傷情況,對(duì)糖尿病輕度腎損傷的病人檢測(cè)陽(yáng)性率亦較高(36%),且其與24 UAER呈正相關(guān)(r=0.95,P<001)??梢?jiàn)其在DN早期診斷及分期中具有重要意義。
總之,通過(guò)監(jiān)測(cè)血清中CysC的濃度變化,可早期發(fā)現(xiàn)糖尿病患者的腎功能損傷情況,且其濃度隨病情的逐漸嚴(yán)重而升高,故推薦將其列為DN病情評(píng)估的指標(biāo)之一。但是由于DN病情復(fù)雜多變,CysC單一指標(biāo)診斷還不能完全替代BUN、Cre、尿微量白蛋白(MA)等指標(biāo),現(xiàn)多提倡CysC聯(lián)合MA、Cre、HbAlc、Hcy等指標(biāo)中的一個(gè)或幾個(gè)對(duì)DN進(jìn)行早期診斷及分期[10]。參考文獻(xiàn)[1] Togashi Y,Miyamoto Y.Urinary cystatin C as a biomarker for diabetic nephropathy and itsimmunohistochemical localization in kidney in Zucker diabetic fatty(ZDF)rats[J].Exp Toxicol Pathol,2013,65(5):615622.
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(收稿日期:2015-09-30修回日期:2015-12-29)
(編輯:梁明佩)
±s)-±s)(χ2=4.5045,P=00338)±s[4] Jagielski T,Dobrowolska A,et al.Identification and differentiation of Trichophyton rubrum clinical isolates using PCRRFLP and RAPD methods[J].Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis,2011,30(6):727731.endprint