仔細(xì)推敲 妙用詞語
□張祥美
until
until一詞,既可作介詞,又可作連詞。作介詞時(shí),后接一個(gè)具體的時(shí)間點(diǎn);作連詞時(shí),引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句。下面就請(qǐng)同學(xué)們一起來了解一下它的具體用法:
【一號(hào)檔案】until用在肯定句中,意為“直到……時(shí);到……為止”,主句中的動(dòng)詞一般應(yīng)具有延續(xù)性,表明該動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到until后面的時(shí)間為止。這類動(dòng)詞有:live,work,study,play,stay,wait,last,love, read,continue等。如:
I’ll work until he tells me to stop.我會(huì)一直工作到他叫我停下來為止。(作連詞)
I’m going to stay here until Saturday.我打算在這兒待到星期六。(作介詞)
Father often reads until late at night.爸爸經(jīng)常看書到深夜。(作介詞)
【二號(hào)檔案】until用于否定句,意為“直到……才,不到……不……”,它表示主語的動(dòng)作在某一時(shí)間或某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前尚未發(fā)生,或者說主句的動(dòng)作在從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生之后才開始。一般常和not一起構(gòu)成短語not...until,所修飾的動(dòng)詞一般具有終止性,也稱非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,這類動(dòng)詞有:come, go,leave,begin,start,finish等。如:
He is not going to leave until his wife comes back.他打算直到他妻子回來才離開。(作連詞)
Don’t go to bed until 10 o’clock.不到十點(diǎn)不要睡覺。(作介詞)
友情提示:until用作連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句,如果從句表示的動(dòng)作還沒有發(fā)生,習(xí)慣上用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),而不用一般將來時(shí),也就是說當(dāng)主句用一般將來時(shí)(或主句是祈使句時(shí)),until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如:
Don’t leave until we come back.在我回來之前,不要離開。
We won’t go home until the rain stops.直到雨停了,我們才回家。
【三號(hào)檔案】until用于“It was not until...that...”句型,表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。如:
It was not until 11 o’clock that he came back last night.昨晚直到十一點(diǎn),他才回來。
【四號(hào)檔案】not until放在句首時(shí),主句要倒裝,其中until不能改為till。如:
Not until the last moment did he change his mind.直到最后一刻,他才改變主意。
Not until we pointed out their fault to them did they realize it.直到我們向他們指出了錯(cuò)誤,他們才意識(shí)到。
【知識(shí)鏈接】until與till的異同:
從詞性上講,兩者都可作介詞和連詞。如:
I’ll wait here till/until the train leaves.我要一直等到火車離開。
He stayed at my sister’s till/until lunch time.他在我姐姐家一直待到午飯時(shí)間。
從詞義上講,兩者基本相同,但till語氣較輕,如果用在正式場(chǎng)合或放在句首時(shí),通常用until,一般不用till。如:
Walk on until/till you come to the door.一直往前走,走到門口為止。
Don’t start until/till I give the word.沒接到我的通知,不要?jiǎng)由怼?/p>
Until then,we knew nothing about him.直到那時(shí),我們對(duì)他都一無所知。
【小試牛刀】把句子補(bǔ)充完整。
1.直到她母親回來她才看電視。
She______watch TV______her mother came back.
2.直到我做完家庭作業(yè)媽媽才準(zhǔn)我出去。
______I finished my homework,motherlet me out.
3.直到午夜雨才停。__
____midnight did it stop raining.
travel
travel一詞,它的基本意思是“旅行”,想知道它的具體用法嗎?讓我?guī)阋黄鹑ァ皌ravel”吧。
【一號(hào)檔案】travel的讀音:/′tr?vl/,其中字母e在單詞中不發(fā)音,它的過去式、過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞既可以雙寫“l(fā)”,也可以不雙寫。如:traveled, traveling(美式拼法);travelled,travelling(英式拼法)。
【二號(hào)檔案】travel用作名詞,意為“旅行”。當(dāng)泛指旅行時(shí),一般用作不可數(shù)名詞,其前不能加不定冠詞a。如:
他喜愛旅游。
[誤]He is fond of a travel.
[正]He is fond of travel.
如果指時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)且去多處地方旅游時(shí),也常用復(fù)數(shù)形式travels,其前面常有物主代詞修飾,但不能用many或數(shù)詞修飾。如:
Do you like books of travels?你喜歡讀游記嗎?
Did you go to Shanghai during your travels?你們旅行時(shí)去過上海嗎?
【三號(hào)檔案】travel用作不及物動(dòng)詞,意思是“旅行,游歷;走動(dòng),移動(dòng)”等。若表示“在……旅行,到……旅行”時(shí),常接介詞to或in。如:
She travels in Europe every summer.她每年夏天都在歐洲旅游。
Mr.Green wants to travel to China.格林先生想去中國旅游。
Light travels faster than sound.光比聲波傳播快。
【四號(hào)檔案】travel還可用作及物動(dòng)詞,意思是“穿越(某地區(qū))旅行”。如:
He traveled the whole world in search of truth.他環(huán)游世界以尋求真理。
【特別檔案】travel與journey,trip都可指“旅行”,其區(qū)別在于:travel一般指到國外的長(zhǎng)期旅行或長(zhǎng)途旅行,journey意為休閑或因私事到遠(yuǎn)方的旅行。trip常用于口語,與journey同義。如:
A pleasant journey/trip to you.祝你旅途愉快!
Sam plans to travel around the world.薩姆打算周游世界。
【小試牛刀】選擇填空。
4.My hobbies are______and stamp-collecting.
A.travel B.journey
C.tripD.travelling
5.The reporter said that the UFO______from east to west when he saw it.
A.was travellingB.travelled
C.had been travellingD.was to travel
6.He was too sick to______his son’s side.
A.travel inB.travel
C.travel toD.travelling
7.How long is your______to work?
A.travelB.tripsC.travelsD.journey
參考答案:
1.didn’t,until/till2.Until,didn’t3.Not until4.A5.A 6.C7.D