楊 桓

成都城市燃?xì)庥邢挢?zé)任公司

淺談城市燃?xì)庑袠I(yè)的大數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景

楊 桓

成都城市燃?xì)庥邢挢?zé)任公司

我國(guó)已經(jīng)進(jìn)入大數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)代。目前，城市燃?xì)庑袠I(yè)作為傳統(tǒng)行業(yè)已面臨應(yīng)對(duì)“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+”時(shí)代全新的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)局面的挑戰(zhàn)。在此時(shí)代背景下，城市燃?xì)庑袠I(yè)要得到更多更快的發(fā)展，需要把企業(yè)自身特點(diǎn)和“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+”相結(jié)合，調(diào)整企業(yè)的組織運(yùn)營(yíng)模式。通過(guò)分析大數(shù)據(jù)技術(shù)可能帶給燃?xì)庑袠I(yè)帶來(lái)的機(jī)遇與挑戰(zhàn)，探討燃?xì)庑袠I(yè)基于現(xiàn)有的信息系統(tǒng)和數(shù)據(jù)資源可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的大數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景，進(jìn)而有效梳理自身已建設(shè)的信息系統(tǒng)的關(guān)系和存在的數(shù)據(jù)資源，打通各數(shù)據(jù)系統(tǒng)間屏障，建立數(shù)據(jù)共享機(jī)制，建立系統(tǒng)集成模式，形成大數(shù)據(jù)規(guī)模，挖掘企業(yè)新的業(yè)務(wù)應(yīng)用結(jié)合點(diǎn)，讓企業(yè)在“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+”的歷史潮流中得到更加快速的發(fā)展。

城市燃?xì)獯髷?shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化數(shù)據(jù)集成與共享信息化自動(dòng)化應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景

在過(guò)去20年里，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)深刻而快速地改變著我們的世界，人類(lèi)生活方式的巨大改變以及社會(huì)發(fā)展的重大突破都和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)息息相關(guān)[1-7]。根據(jù)麥肯錫的分析，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)已經(jīng)成為重要的生產(chǎn)要素，并且已滲透到了每個(gè)行業(yè)的業(yè)務(wù)職能領(lǐng)域?，F(xiàn)在，傳統(tǒng)行業(yè)面臨的巨大挑戰(zhàn)是如何應(yīng)對(duì)“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+”時(shí)代全新的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)局面，如何理解和采用新的技術(shù)和思維來(lái)進(jìn)行企業(yè)之間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，如何調(diào)整自身的組織和運(yùn)行模式來(lái)適應(yīng)發(fā)展和變化?！盎ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)+”時(shí)代的重大變化主要表現(xiàn)在兩個(gè)方面，一方面是技術(shù)選擇，如云計(jì)算、大數(shù)據(jù)、物聯(lián)網(wǎng)和移動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)等大量的新技術(shù)被廣泛應(yīng)用，使得各種創(chuàng)新有了低成本和快速實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能，另外一方面是新的思維方式、精神和文化被應(yīng)用到企業(yè)運(yùn)營(yíng)中。對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)行業(yè)城市燃?xì)鈦?lái)說(shuō)，如何接收、應(yīng)用這些新技術(shù)和新思維非常具有挑戰(zhàn)性，因?yàn)闀?huì)觸及企業(yè)各個(gè)方面的調(diào)整。但是，當(dāng)前城市燃?xì)庑袠I(yè)所面對(duì)的充滿(mǎn)不確定性的市場(chǎng)環(huán)境，面臨政府監(jiān)督管控越發(fā)嚴(yán)格、能源企業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)日益激烈以及消費(fèi)者要求日益嚴(yán)苛等不利情況，思考如何運(yùn)用云計(jì)算、大數(shù)據(jù)、物聯(lián)網(wǎng)和移動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)，去引導(dǎo)燃?xì)馄髽I(yè)作為傳統(tǒng)行業(yè)的轉(zhuǎn)型和價(jià)值創(chuàng)新勢(shì)在必行。作為行業(yè)的信息化建設(shè)，往往會(huì)顯得高大空、炒概念，如何把信息化項(xiàng)目立項(xiàng)和實(shí)施，做好信息系統(tǒng)的研發(fā)和運(yùn)維，體現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中的數(shù)據(jù)的價(jià)值，把“云大物移”新技術(shù)落實(shí)到自身企業(yè)的實(shí)際信息化項(xiàng)目中，重要的結(jié)合點(diǎn)就是業(yè)務(wù)應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景。作為終端客戶(hù)市場(chǎng)，在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時(shí)代，如何去直觀的描述業(yè)務(wù)系統(tǒng)，描述信息技術(shù)給用戶(hù)帶來(lái)的變化，描述一種思維方式，描述一種技術(shù)表現(xiàn)，有效地溝通更加重要，應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景是對(duì)需求分析的直觀描述，把業(yè)務(wù)人員和信息人員結(jié)合在一起，共同提出直觀的建設(shè)需求和實(shí)施愿景，避免由于信息技術(shù)人員對(duì)實(shí)際業(yè)務(wù)的不了解，業(yè)務(wù)人員對(duì)信息技術(shù)的不理解造成的盲區(qū)。

1 大數(shù)據(jù)在城市燃?xì)庑袠I(yè)中的價(jià)值

城市燃?xì)馄髽I(yè)用戶(hù)幾乎覆蓋全部城市家庭，對(duì)燃?xì)馄髽I(yè)來(lái)說(shuō)稀松平常的信息，即城市燃?xì)馄髽I(yè)所擁有龐大的用戶(hù)數(shù)據(jù)資源，對(duì)于其他企業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō)是寶貴的緊缺資源。騰訊與阿里巴巴通過(guò)嘀嘀打車(chē)和快的打車(chē)對(duì)出租車(chē)司機(jī)和用戶(hù)進(jìn)行了數(shù)十億元的補(bǔ)貼[1,3,8]，目的就是需要通過(guò)出租車(chē)業(yè)務(wù)占領(lǐng)移動(dòng)支付市場(chǎng)。設(shè)想如果燃?xì)馄髽I(yè)與諸如阿里、騰訊等電商網(wǎng)絡(luò)公司開(kāi)展支付合作，使得互聯(lián)網(wǎng)企業(yè)獲取大量的O2O（Online-to-Offline，線(xiàn)上到線(xiàn)下）入口數(shù)據(jù)，把燃?xì)馄髽I(yè)所擁有的高覆蓋率的用戶(hù)數(shù)據(jù)有償?shù)霓D(zhuǎn)換成合理合規(guī)又高度利用的用戶(hù)資源，既給燃?xì)馄髽I(yè)增加收入渠道，又使得燃?xì)馄髽I(yè)在燃?xì)赓M(fèi)用支付模式和用戶(hù)體驗(yàn)上面進(jìn)行了創(chuàng)新。而更多的創(chuàng)新應(yīng)該去挖掘企業(yè)內(nèi)部的自身資源，通過(guò)結(jié)合互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)等外部綜合資源，發(fā)揮社交媒體和移動(dòng)支付等互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)產(chǎn)物的優(yōu)勢(shì)，有可能引導(dǎo)能源產(chǎn)品的消費(fèi)化趨勢(shì)和燃?xì)庑袠I(yè)企業(yè)運(yùn)營(yíng)模式的轉(zhuǎn)型和變革。根據(jù)埃森哲的相關(guān)報(bào)告，公共事業(yè)企業(yè)未來(lái)40%至60%的核心“計(jì)量到收款”流程都需要重新進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)?？梢栽O(shè)想諸如家居智能技術(shù)和消費(fèi)者輔助型方案與服務(wù)也有可能是燃?xì)鈽I(yè)務(wù)“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+”時(shí)代的發(fā)展方向之一。未來(lái)燃?xì)庑袠I(yè)的大數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)用，除了帶來(lái)企業(yè)效益，更重要的還有可能可以回饋社會(huì)，促進(jìn)社會(huì)發(fā)展。

事實(shí)上，近年來(lái)國(guó)內(nèi)外已經(jīng)有了智能燃?xì)饩W(wǎng)的概念，國(guó)外文獻(xiàn)表述為“smartgas grid”或“intelligentgas grid”。根據(jù)目前的研究，智能燃?xì)饩W(wǎng)建設(shè)是在原有燃?xì)饩W(wǎng)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和信息化系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)行資源整合、系統(tǒng)集成、數(shù)據(jù)挖掘，發(fā)揮跨板塊、跨業(yè)務(wù)、跨部門(mén)綜合應(yīng)用的優(yōu)勢(shì)，使上游燃?xì)忾_(kāi)發(fā)、中游燃?xì)廨斉浜蛢?chǔ)存及下游燃?xì)庥脩?hù)緊密結(jié)合在一起，形成一個(gè)燃?xì)鈹?shù)據(jù)實(shí)時(shí)傳遞、資源互動(dòng)、信息共享、智能響應(yīng)、服務(wù)大眾的整體，即共享資源與政府以提升其監(jiān)管的能力、同時(shí)又積極改進(jìn)用戶(hù)服務(wù)體驗(yàn)；企業(yè)用服務(wù)換取利潤(rùn)，降低成本和減少事故，持續(xù)提升安全保障能力，從而達(dá)到多贏局面。智能燃?xì)饩W(wǎng)通?；诔浞纸⒑屠萌?xì)夤芫W(wǎng)的優(yōu)勢(shì)和潛力，使管網(wǎng)綜合效率最大化。

目前，已有部分城市燃?xì)馄髽I(yè)開(kāi)始探索創(chuàng)新業(yè)務(wù)模式，如上海燃?xì)庖蔀椤熬C合能源服務(wù)商”；北京燃?xì)馓岢鼋ㄔO(shè)“世界一流的一體化清潔能源運(yùn)營(yíng)商”[1-2,9]；港華燃?xì)狻耙越?jīng)營(yíng)燃?xì)鈽I(yè)務(wù)為本，致力發(fā)展成為亞洲首屈一指的清潔能源供應(yīng)商及優(yōu)質(zhì)服務(wù)商”等等?？傮w來(lái)看，這些企業(yè)依然是以“賣(mài)氣”為主，業(yè)務(wù)模式較為單一，沒(méi)有有效利用管網(wǎng)和用戶(hù)資源拓展新的增值空間。但是，也有一些燃?xì)馄髽I(yè)開(kāi)拓思維，發(fā)掘互聯(lián)網(wǎng)優(yōu)勢(shì)，如新奧燃?xì)馓岢龅摹俺蔀榛ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)能源平臺(tái)運(yùn)營(yíng)商”，將企業(yè)的發(fā)展期望鎖定在通過(guò)持續(xù)開(kāi)發(fā)用戶(hù)多樣性用能需求，提供清潔能源整體解決方案。經(jīng)營(yíng)理念已明確不僅僅基于城市燃?xì)鈧鹘y(tǒng)的、單一的“賣(mài)氣”業(yè)務(wù)，而是從立足傳統(tǒng)業(yè)務(wù)，主打交通清潔能源業(yè)務(wù)這個(gè)環(huán)保節(jié)能的新概念，結(jié)合互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，打造能源平臺(tái)化的運(yùn)營(yíng)思路，一方面占領(lǐng)國(guó)內(nèi)外城市燃?xì)馐袌?chǎng)，另外一方面將信息網(wǎng)、能源網(wǎng)以及物流網(wǎng)高度融合的泛能技術(shù)用于基于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的能源運(yùn)營(yíng)平臺(tái)持續(xù)拓展業(yè)務(wù)領(lǐng)域，不斷開(kāi)拓新的業(yè)務(wù)，形成一個(gè)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈到供應(yīng)鏈的良性循環(huán)，其業(yè)務(wù)范圍也從單一的城市燃?xì)馔卣沟浇煌茉?、分布式能源、能源貿(mào)易等領(lǐng)域。這種轉(zhuǎn)型和創(chuàng)新運(yùn)營(yíng)理念并舉，是燃?xì)庑袠I(yè)未來(lái)的最佳實(shí)踐體現(xiàn)。但這只是智能燃?xì)饩W(wǎng)的實(shí)踐思路之一，而其根源在于數(shù)據(jù)的累積和數(shù)據(jù)的應(yīng)用，數(shù)據(jù)需求、業(yè)務(wù)應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景才是實(shí)施的關(guān)鍵。所謂基于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的能源運(yùn)營(yíng)平臺(tái)是一系列信息系統(tǒng)組成的，一體化的全產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈的綜合平臺(tái)，每一個(gè)部分都需要業(yè)務(wù)和信息技術(shù)的充分結(jié)合，明確需求，統(tǒng)一數(shù)據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和服務(wù)流程，設(shè)計(jì)出適應(yīng)的應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景，從而研發(fā)出可持續(xù)發(fā)展的平臺(tái)化系統(tǒng)投入運(yùn)營(yíng)。在較多的大數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域，最常見(jiàn)的問(wèn)題就是不能確定實(shí)際應(yīng)用需求而導(dǎo)致無(wú)從下手，要完成可行的大數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)用要遵守“大數(shù)據(jù)，小場(chǎng)景”原則，即大量的數(shù)據(jù)累積。但是，必須針對(duì)具體的單一的業(yè)務(wù)應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景，才能有效建立大數(shù)據(jù)分析模型，提供大數(shù)據(jù)分析結(jié)論和應(yīng)用功能。

2 城市燃?xì)馄髽I(yè)存在的問(wèn)題

事實(shí)上，除開(kāi)對(duì)大數(shù)據(jù)技術(shù)的缺乏深入研究和成功案例之外，燃?xì)馄髽I(yè)自身的信息化基礎(chǔ)也是比較薄弱的，體現(xiàn)在以下幾個(gè)方面：

2.1 缺乏統(tǒng)一的服務(wù)流程和數(shù)據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

燃?xì)馄髽I(yè)的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、硬件設(shè)備到信息系統(tǒng)，都是不同時(shí)期、按不同標(biāo)準(zhǔn)建設(shè)的，相互之間兼容性較差，數(shù)據(jù)隔離。大數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)用是建立在將燃?xì)獾纳a(chǎn)、運(yùn)輸、儲(chǔ)存、交易和聯(lián)合利用成為“生態(tài)環(huán)境”的基礎(chǔ)上的。因此數(shù)據(jù)平臺(tái)的建設(shè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和規(guī)范是首先需要解決的問(wèn)題；其次，燃?xì)鈨?nèi)部服務(wù)流程不統(tǒng)一，不規(guī)范，沒(méi)有形成有效的在線(xiàn)運(yùn)行機(jī)制，作為大數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)用生態(tài)環(huán)境內(nèi)的數(shù)據(jù)共享和跨板塊應(yīng)用的基礎(chǔ)前提是對(duì)內(nèi)統(tǒng)一規(guī)范標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，對(duì)外提供規(guī)范服務(wù)，從管網(wǎng)的設(shè)計(jì)、實(shí)施鋪設(shè)到巡檢維護(hù)操作、到終端用戶(hù)設(shè)備安裝和收計(jì)費(fèi)服務(wù)，都需要在企業(yè)內(nèi)部各單位各部門(mén)推行統(tǒng)一的操作流程、規(guī)范的數(shù)據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，才能確保數(shù)據(jù)的可靠性和可用性以及各類(lèi)信息系統(tǒng)之間的跨平臺(tái)融合。

2.2 企業(yè)內(nèi)部信息系統(tǒng)彼此割裂，業(yè)務(wù)數(shù)據(jù)有待融合

以燃?xì)廨斉涔芫W(wǎng)運(yùn)維管理相關(guān)系統(tǒng)為例。輸配管網(wǎng)運(yùn)維通常會(huì)涉及企業(yè)的信息化系統(tǒng)和自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)，目前這兩部分系統(tǒng)中的數(shù)據(jù)普遍是相互割裂的，作為資產(chǎn)化管理的設(shè)備所產(chǎn)生的數(shù)據(jù)量往往遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)企業(yè)通用信息系統(tǒng)所產(chǎn)生數(shù)據(jù)量，如SCADA系統(tǒng)（Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition，即數(shù)據(jù)采集與監(jiān)視控制系統(tǒng)）的各類(lèi)數(shù)據(jù)，這些數(shù)據(jù)的累積正逐步產(chǎn)生真正意義上的大數(shù)據(jù)，即數(shù)據(jù)量大、種類(lèi)多、價(jià)值密度相對(duì)較低，但是信息化建設(shè)往往立足在各項(xiàng)業(yè)務(wù)自身的管理系統(tǒng)，而忽略了與SCADA系統(tǒng)和數(shù)據(jù)的集成，忽略了可能的關(guān)聯(lián)性和融合性，建設(shè)和運(yùn)行的信息系統(tǒng)都是各自為陣。

2.3 缺乏統(tǒng)一的客戶(hù)信息平臺(tái)

當(dāng)前流行的大數(shù)據(jù)分析的應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景，最常見(jiàn)的就是需要各種用戶(hù)基礎(chǔ)信息數(shù)據(jù)去發(fā)掘用戶(hù)的行為模式以進(jìn)行分析和決策，但目前燃?xì)庑袠I(yè)的客戶(hù)信息平臺(tái)收集信息有限，數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量不高，如燃?xì)馄骶咝畔?、住宅位置、消費(fèi)情況等都不完整，數(shù)據(jù)可靠性也不高，更不用說(shuō)類(lèi)似用戶(hù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)足跡、偏好等行為數(shù)據(jù)的擴(kuò)展需求，基本沒(méi)有進(jìn)行梳理和定位，無(wú)法為用戶(hù)的行為分析提供有效基礎(chǔ)信息數(shù)據(jù)累計(jì)。

3 燃?xì)庑袠I(yè)大數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景

通過(guò)有效利用輸配氣官網(wǎng)SCADA系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)和已經(jīng)建設(shè)完成的企業(yè)資源計(jì)劃系統(tǒng)（ERP）、用戶(hù)關(guān)系管理系統(tǒng)（CRM）、地理信息系統(tǒng)（GIS）等信息系統(tǒng)，利用云計(jì)算和大數(shù)據(jù)分析技術(shù)打通系統(tǒng)之間的屏障，實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)共享和業(yè)務(wù)系統(tǒng)集成的實(shí)行，為燃?xì)庑袠I(yè)提供智能化應(yīng)用新模式。按照時(shí)間和空間或者其他典型屬性的不同維度分析，找準(zhǔn)與業(yè)務(wù)領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用結(jié)合點(diǎn)，體現(xiàn)業(yè)務(wù)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)或者數(shù)據(jù)關(guān)聯(lián)效果，探索可以實(shí)施的燃?xì)庑袠I(yè)大數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景，從中發(fā)掘可以給業(yè)務(wù)帶來(lái)的創(chuàng)新模式和新競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。通常大數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景包括幾個(gè)要素：①持續(xù)可靠的數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源；②足夠的數(shù)據(jù)累積，最好是基于時(shí)間或空間這種帶有明顯分析意義的屬性；③與業(yè)務(wù)相結(jié)合的具體功能點(diǎn)。

3.1 輸配管網(wǎng)設(shè)備預(yù)防和預(yù)測(cè)性維護(hù)應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景

充分利用燃?xì)廨斉涔芫W(wǎng)通用的SCADA系統(tǒng)所收集的遠(yuǎn)程終端裝置（RTU）數(shù)據(jù)，包括監(jiān)測(cè)管道的流量、溫度、壓力、開(kāi)關(guān)閥門(mén)、起停泵等數(shù)據(jù)；利用GIS技術(shù)、大數(shù)據(jù)分析技術(shù)，配合企業(yè)管理信息系統(tǒng)如ERP、用戶(hù)關(guān)系管理系統(tǒng)CRM等系統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)，將企業(yè)資源信息、個(gè)人用戶(hù)基本信息、用戶(hù)用氣行為數(shù)據(jù)，再到用戶(hù)的繳費(fèi)、信用數(shù)據(jù)等海量數(shù)據(jù)，按照時(shí)間和空間進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析，可以得出城市燃?xì)廨斉涔芫W(wǎng)的氣量分布趨勢(shì)，峰值發(fā)生的區(qū)域，通過(guò)建模、分析，總結(jié)規(guī)律，找到相關(guān)性，從而對(duì)輸配管網(wǎng)設(shè)備損害程度進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)、預(yù)防及預(yù)測(cè)性檢修維護(hù)，最大化提高設(shè)備的使用率。這是一個(gè)基本的SCADA系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)的大數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景。

進(jìn)一步拓展，獲取氣候氣象數(shù)據(jù)可以結(jié)合分析管網(wǎng)腐蝕與氣候變化的關(guān)系，可以增加氣候變化的預(yù)防措施和調(diào)整檢維修計(jì)劃；或者分析出輸氣峰值的趨勢(shì)，有效指導(dǎo)輸配氣和合理部署；該類(lèi)的應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景比基礎(chǔ)的氣量分布趨勢(shì)復(fù)雜，需要的關(guān)聯(lián)數(shù)據(jù)更多，但是為企業(yè)決策者提供的建議將更加的多方面、多維度，更加客觀。

輸配管網(wǎng)設(shè)備預(yù)防性和預(yù)測(cè)性維護(hù)應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景的目的是在管網(wǎng)運(yùn)維管理中增強(qiáng)事前的預(yù)測(cè)預(yù)警，以及累積事后處理的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，提升管網(wǎng)運(yùn)維管理的技術(shù)水平和強(qiáng)化事前的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制，提升經(jīng)營(yíng)管理成本預(yù)算控制與實(shí)施風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制管理，同時(shí)也有效體現(xiàn)出兩化融合的具體落腳點(diǎn)，該類(lèi)的大數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景的設(shè)計(jì)具有實(shí)際意義，也是目前數(shù)據(jù)累積比較充分的業(yè)務(wù)點(diǎn)，但是其中的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)在于數(shù)據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的統(tǒng)一和系統(tǒng)之間的集成，尤其是自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)和信息化系統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)共享集成問(wèn)題。

3.2 監(jiān)控用氣狀態(tài)合理調(diào)度輸配氣供應(yīng)應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景

有效通過(guò)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)，部署終端設(shè)備，獲取用戶(hù)基本信息、設(shè)備設(shè)施布點(diǎn)統(tǒng)計(jì)、遠(yuǎn)程操作控制信息、用戶(hù)用氣狀態(tài)信息等，利用終端設(shè)備采集的數(shù)據(jù)，按照用戶(hù)的區(qū)域分布、計(jì)費(fèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)變化、季節(jié)用戶(hù)高峰變化、企業(yè)用戶(hù)和家庭用氣的統(tǒng)計(jì)等進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)挖掘和分析，得出用氣量的變化規(guī)律，找出用氣峰值，精準(zhǔn)量化評(píng)估輸配氣能力、管線(xiàn)壓力、檢修頻率和時(shí)間等等，為輸配氣調(diào)度提供決策依據(jù)。

該業(yè)務(wù)應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景重點(diǎn)是終端設(shè)備的物流網(wǎng)技術(shù)集成，獲取相應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)，一旦形成這種終端的部署和數(shù)據(jù)采集模式，通過(guò)遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控終端設(shè)備用戶(hù)狀態(tài)將有效提升計(jì)量、計(jì)費(fèi)的準(zhǔn)確性，方便付費(fèi)統(tǒng)計(jì)，能減少人力，降低運(yùn)行成本。其難度在于物流網(wǎng)終端設(shè)備的部署，以及支撐物流網(wǎng)設(shè)備的后端配套技術(shù)。

3.3 燃?xì)馄骶甙踩珯z測(cè)和故障預(yù)警應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景

安全管理是城市燃?xì)馄髽I(yè)的生命線(xiàn)，尤其是城市燃?xì)庵鸩饺媸褂锰烊粴庖院?，因天然氣易燃易爆的特點(diǎn)，燃?xì)獍踩芾沓蔀橹匾墓舶踩珕?wèn)題之一，用戶(hù)燃?xì)馄骶叩倪\(yùn)行狀況對(duì)燃?xì)獍踩陵P(guān)重要。在監(jiān)控終端設(shè)備用戶(hù)狀態(tài)的應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景中，如果沒(méi)有部署物流網(wǎng)終端設(shè)備，可以通過(guò)對(duì)用戶(hù)相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)的實(shí)體采集和分析，即在每次設(shè)備安裝、維修、抄表、安檢服務(wù)時(shí)，采集數(shù)據(jù)，將用戶(hù)的燃?xì)馄骶咂放啤⒛晗?、工況等基本情況納入管理，經(jīng)過(guò)一段時(shí)間實(shí)體數(shù)據(jù)采集累計(jì)后，在客戶(hù)信息平臺(tái)中完善用戶(hù)燃?xì)馄骶呋A(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)，通過(guò)對(duì)用戶(hù)的繳費(fèi)、報(bào)修等歷史記錄分析，了解到用戶(hù)用氣情況的行為數(shù)據(jù)，擴(kuò)展到家家戶(hù)戶(hù)，通過(guò)對(duì)區(qū)域用戶(hù)和分類(lèi)用戶(hù)的行為數(shù)據(jù)分析，可以針對(duì)使用不安全、臨近或超過(guò)報(bào)廢期的燃?xì)馄骶叩娜細(xì)庥脩?hù)進(jìn)行安全提示，提醒用氣安全，敦促及時(shí)更換燃?xì)馄骶摺＿@種針對(duì)性的定向安全檢測(cè)和故障排查，可以形成有效的故障預(yù)警，大大提升針對(duì)老舊小區(qū)或者不具備網(wǎng)絡(luò)條件地區(qū)的燃?xì)馄骶叩陌踩珯z測(cè)和故障預(yù)警，確保安全用氣。

該類(lèi)應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景有大量的用戶(hù)數(shù)據(jù)采集工作，數(shù)據(jù)累計(jì)的大小，范圍的廣泛程度都直接影響分析效果，即數(shù)據(jù)量大小、樣本充分程度是有效安全檢測(cè)和故障預(yù)警準(zhǔn)確度的基礎(chǔ)。

3.4 燃?xì)馄骶咪N(xiāo)售應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景

從上述的應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景進(jìn)一步拓展，將用戶(hù)燃?xì)馄骶哌\(yùn)行狀態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)合燃?xì)馄骶郀I(yíng)銷(xiāo)系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)，按照地域和區(qū)域的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析，分類(lèi)判斷對(duì)燃?xì)獍惭b和器具購(gòu)置的需求，可分析出用戶(hù)對(duì)燃?xì)馄骶叩氖袌?chǎng)需求。

或者拓展新的針對(duì)性營(yíng)銷(xiāo)策略，如從其居住環(huán)境（如小區(qū)定位，居民家屬樓、商業(yè)樓盤(pán)、高檔公寓、別墅等）開(kāi)展針對(duì)性的營(yíng)銷(xiāo)和服務(wù)，如提供燃?xì)馀涮装惭b和燃?xì)馄骶咪N(xiāo)售服務(wù)等；也可以根據(jù)不同類(lèi)型的用氣設(shè)備，如地暖、壁掛爐等，甄別用戶(hù)的支付能力和服務(wù)需求，針對(duì)性的提出個(gè)性化服務(wù)項(xiàng)目，如提供家庭燃?xì)夥?wù)解決方案，包括高頻的安檢、定期設(shè)備維修保養(yǎng)、預(yù)約專(zhuān)人上門(mén)檢修等；甚至與銀行合作等，推出辦理銀行卡可享受燃?xì)馓貏e服務(wù)等。這一系列業(yè)務(wù)應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景可以根據(jù)不同的銷(xiāo)售市場(chǎng)和應(yīng)用需求而派生。

4 結(jié)論

1）當(dāng)前燃?xì)庑袠I(yè)大數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)用尚在起步階段，數(shù)據(jù)的分析與挖掘還未有效開(kāi)展，其原因主要是企業(yè)自身對(duì)大數(shù)據(jù)技術(shù)認(rèn)知的限制，以及燃?xì)庑袠I(yè)自身信息化建設(shè)思路的局限，但是可以明確的是以“云大物移”為主導(dǎo)的信息技術(shù)手段將引導(dǎo)一個(gè)智能燃?xì)饩W(wǎng)的未來(lái)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。

2）燃?xì)庑袠I(yè)企業(yè)應(yīng)從現(xiàn)在起有效梳理自身已建設(shè)的信息系統(tǒng)的關(guān)系和存在的數(shù)據(jù)資源的情況，打通系統(tǒng)間屏障，建立數(shù)據(jù)共享機(jī)制，建立系統(tǒng)集成模式，形成大數(shù)據(jù)規(guī)模，找到與業(yè)務(wù)的實(shí)際結(jié)合點(diǎn)，通過(guò)大數(shù)據(jù)小場(chǎng)景切入應(yīng)用功能，完善現(xiàn)有系統(tǒng)，通過(guò)新增數(shù)據(jù)分析功能和數(shù)據(jù)逐步累積，產(chǎn)生蝴蝶效應(yīng)，引導(dǎo)燃?xì)庑袠I(yè)的智能化發(fā)展。

[1]張衛(wèi)華.大數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)代的城市燃?xì)馄髽I(yè)業(yè)務(wù)模式創(chuàng)新[J].能源，2014（5）:88-91.

[2]樂(lè)華斌,戴文坤,梁瑩,鄭曉玲,王佳龍.大數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)代大學(xué)生網(wǎng)絡(luò)行動(dòng)邏輯探微-以新媒體用戶(hù)黏性為視角[J].文教資料,2015（32）:119-120

[3]姚滿(mǎn)宏.衛(wèi)生人力資源管理大數(shù)據(jù)運(yùn)用研究[J].人人健康, 2016（12）:252-253.

[4]羅勇.大數(shù)據(jù)“領(lǐng)跑”信息高速路[J].城市管理與科技, 2015,17（6）:30-33.

[5]王慶綱,陸惠豐.基于大數(shù)據(jù)技術(shù)的綜合交通信息平臺(tái)框架研究[J].中國(guó)交通信息化,2016（1）:73-76.

[6]湯俊,王妍,車(chē)奕蓉.大數(shù)據(jù)技術(shù)在反洗錢(qián)工作中的應(yīng)用前景[J].海南金融,2016（2）:28-30.

[7]姜俊鋒,丁香乾,侯瑞春,曲麗君.基于CitespaceⅢ的大數(shù)據(jù)研究的可視化分析[J].計(jì)算機(jī)與數(shù)字工程,2016,44（2）: 291-295.

[8]徐斌,王曉冬,林麗.大數(shù)據(jù)管理-企業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)與競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力重塑之道[M].北京:人民郵電出版社,2016.

[9]新奧能源控股有限公司[J].中國(guó)戰(zhàn)略新興產(chǎn)業(yè),2016（14）: 92.

（修改回稿日期 2016-11-15 編輯 陳古明）

《天然氣勘探與開(kāi)發(fā)》征稿簡(jiǎn)則

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《天然氣勘探與開(kāi)發(fā)》編輯部

ABSTRACT:China has entered the Age of Big Data.At present,the traditional city gas industry is facing new challenges and competition from the Age of“Internet+”.So,in order to develop faster and better,city gas industry should combine its enterprise characteristics with the“Internet+”,and adjust the organization and operation mode.Through analyzing the opportunities and challenges the big-data technology may bring about,we investigate the application scenarios of big data which are possible to be realized on the basis of the currently available information systems and data resources;and then,effectively tease out the relationship among established information systems and existing data resources;break through barriers between data systems;establish data-sharing mechanism and system integration mode to form big-data scale;and search for the new joint point of business application for rapid development of the industry in the historical trend of“Internet+”.

KEY WORDS:city gas,big data,data standardization,data integration and sharing,intelligence,application scenario

翻譯 何颋婷 劉 婕

審校 何颋婷

編輯 王曉清

S AND KEY WORDSMain Factors Influencing High Yield of High-Rank CBM in Chengzhuang Block,Southern Qinshui BasinYANG Kebing,WANG Haichao,WANG Jun,CHEN Huina and FU Kang
（Exploration and Development Research Institute,PetroChina Huabei Oilfield Company）.NATURAL GAS EXPLORATION&DEVELOPMENT.v.39 no.4,pp.1-4，12/25/2016

In China,most coal-accumulating basins went through complex evolution history and some structures formed in the late period were severely damaged.And lots of high-rank coal reservoirs also underwent multiple-stage tectonic evolution and obvious metamorphism,resulting in strong heterogeneity,and low yield of coalbed methane（CBM）or difficulty in its exploitation.Even though previous research focused on the analysis on such factors as structure,deposition,and hydrodynamics,many problems including low proven rate and low utilization rate of production capacity have not been solved very effectively.So,according to some dynamic and static data from high-productivity wells in Chengzhuang block,Southern Qinshui Basin,combining with development characteristics of surrounding blocks,we analyzed common features of these kinds of wells.Results show that(1)the main factors influencing high yield are developed microfractures and high permeability in coal reservoirs;(2)another important factor is rich free gas in these reservoirs;and(3)there are other factors including reservoir thickness,gas content,tectonic movement,and hydrodynamics.Our study also demonstrates that CBM in Chengzhuang block is controlled by sedimentation,and plugging condition during hydrocarbon discharge is the key factor influencing high productivity.Good plugging condition is conducive to improving petrophysical property and generating more free gas,which can provide material foundation for high yield.This viewpoint presented gives geologic evidence for optimizing high-yield blocks,and is significant for evaluating sweetspot of tight reservoirs.

Southern Qinshui Basin,high-rank CBM,high-productivity well,main influencing factor,duration of hydrocarbon discharge,plugging condition

Evaluation on Clossification of Microscopoic Heterogeneity in Carbonate Reservoirs:Examples from Feixianguan Formation in Puguang Gasfield

ZHANG Jixi1,CHEN Cen2and CHENG Qun3

（1.Exploration and Development Research In-stitute,Sinopec Zhongyuan Oilfield Company;2.Chongqing University of Science&Technology; 3.No.3 Production Plant,PetroChina Daqing Oilfield Company）.NATURAL GAS EXPLORATION&DEVELOPMENT.v.39 no.4,pp.5-7，12/25/2016

ABSTRACT:Taking the carbonate reservoirs of the Lower Triassic Feixianguan Formation in Puguang gasfield as examples,we collected all parameters which may characterize reservoir heterogeneity at first.And then we optimized six parameters among them by means of factor analysis method,including porosity,permeability,displacement pressure,relative sorting coefficient, skewness coefficient,and average throat radius.Thirdly,we implemented a clustering classification for some samples which are representative of optimized parameters to divide these carbonate reservoirs of Feixianguan Formation into four kinds with strongest heterogeneity,stronger heterogeneity,medium heterogeneity,and poor heterogeneity,individually;in which 54 percent of samples represents as the reservoirs with medium heterogeneity.At last,we developed microscopic heterogeneity through discriminating analysis to identifying functions and obtained quantitative results.The obtained results are coincident to ones from clustering analysis.This classification method can provide reference for evaluating carbonate reservoirs.

KEY WORDS:Puguang gasfield,carbonate rock,microscopic heterogeneity,characterization parameter,factor analysis,clustering analysis,classification evaluation

Methods to Identify Formation Boundary Based on Logging-While-Drilling

TANG Haiquan,XIAO Hongbing,LI Cui and YANG Zhen
（Drilling Technology Research Institute,Sinopec Shengli Oilfield Service Corporation）.NATURAL GAS EXPLORATION&DEVELOPMENT.v.39 no.4,pp.8-12，12/25/2016

ABSTRACT:Logging-while-drilling data,especially logging-while-drilling azimuth data, which plays an important role in geosteering drilling,can be used to predict and judge formation boundary and azimuth,and strike of anistropic formation.In this paper,the basic structure and principle of three instruments are presented,containing logging-while-drilling electromagneticwave resistivity,logging-while-drilling azimuth detecting electromagnetic-wave resistivity,and logging-while-drilling azimuth gammy-ray.Furthermore,both influencing factors and boundary effect while these instruments pass through formation boundary are analyzed,and methods are developed to identify formation boundary by using response features of both electromagnetic-wave resistivity and azimuth gammy-ray curves.In addition,the application of logging-while-drilling electromagnetic-wave resistivity and gammy-ray imaging instruments to identifying formationboundary is also demonstrated.Results show that these two instruments detecting formation boundary can optimize the location of wellbore trajectory,decrease the risk of penetrating oil layers,and increase the drilling rate.

KEY WORDS:logging-while-drilling,logging instrument,electromagnetic-wave resistivity, azimuth gammy-ray,reservoir,boundary identification,geosteering

Application of 90°Phase-Shifting Technology to Reservoir Prediction of Maokou Formation,W Area,Eastern Sichuan Basin

XU Jiao,LUO Jing,ZHANG Liming and GONG Li
（Geophysical Prospecting Company,CNPC Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Company Limited）.NATURAL GAS EXPLORATION&DEVELOPMENT.v.39 no.4,pp.13-17，12/25/2016

ABSTRACT:In W area,eastern Sichuan Basin,more or less gas shows appeared from the Permian Maokou Formation.This formation also got higher productivity from oil test.Previous study suggests that it belongs to a fractured reservoir;however no detailed research has been implemented for the dolomites among this reservoir.Based on drilling data,the characteristics of P1m2a,the dolomite reservoir,were summarized.Furthermore,according to 3D seismic data acquired from W area,a phase shifting with different degree was attempted by means of 90°phaseshifting technology,which offers advantages on thin-layer and lithological interpretation.This shifting makes the event of seismic reflection correspond with strata,and increases an accuracy of reservoir prediction a lot.In addition,the effect of phase shifting with different degree on reservoir prediction was discussed,the difference between this technology and trace integration was analyzed.It is deemed that the 90°phase-shifting technology is suitable for interpretation of thin layers in eastern Sichuan Basin.

KEY WORDS:90°phase-shifting technology,early Permian,eastern Sichuan Basin,marine strata,thin layer,trace integration,3D seismic,reservoir prediction

Experimental Study on Producing Profile Logging for Horizontal Wells,Fuling Shale-Gas Field

QIN Yuqiao1,SHI Wenrui1,SHI Yuanhui2,ZHANG Zhihua2and GE Hua2
（1.School of Geophysics and Oil Resources，Yangtze University；2.Logging Company,Sinopec Oilfield Service Jianghan Corporation）.NATURAL GAS EXPLORATION&DEVELOPMENT.v.39 no.4,pp.18-22，12/25/2016

ABSTRACT:In Fuling gasfield,Sichuan Basin,most horizontal wells are featured by long horizontal interval and high gas production.In order to make clear the dynamical gas-producing capacity of every fractured interval,recognize the flowback pattern,determine the optimal production system,and finally realize the exploitation with low cost and high efficiency,we implemented some experiments on continuous producing profile logging and data interpretation for 25 key wells via fluid scanning imaging（FSI）logging instrument and by using drags or delivery of both optimal fiber and coiled tubing.Results show that(1)the drags or optimal fiber and coiled tubing can deliver the logging instrument to bottomhole safely and efficiently which meets the demand of logging operation;(2)for the same or similar intervals in a shale-gas well,there is a big difference of gas-producing capacity among various fractured intervals;(3)in C well,a shale-gas well,there is no flowback for fracturing fluid remaining in the strata under one production system of 20×104m3/ d whereas obviously increasing flowback further to affect a normal production under another system of 30×104m3/d.So,our study can give guidance for formulating the production system.

KEY WORDS:shale gas,horizontal well,producing profile logging,multiphase flow,delivery of both optimal fiber and coiled tubing,downhole tractor,FSI logging instrument

A Method to Evaluate Favorable Target Areas of Permian,Shenmu Gasfield,Ordos Basin

FU Xiaoyan1,2,WANG Dongxu1,2,WANG Shaofei1,2,XIA Yonghui3and JIAO Tingkui1,2

(1.Research Institute of Exploration and Development,PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company;2.National Engineering Laboratory for Exploration and Development of Low-Permeability Oil&Gasfield,PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company;3.Gasfield Development Department,PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company).NATURAL GAS EXPLORATION&DEVELOPMENT.v.39 no.4,pp. 23-25，12/25/2016

ABSTRACT:There are multiple gas-bearing layers in the Permian of Shenmu gasfield,Ordos Basin.The main ones include Taiyuan Formation,Shanxi Formation,and Shihezi 8 Member.After some drilling,it is found that there are nine effective reservoirs in average,and their average thickness of 36.1 m,average porosity and permeability of 6.4%and 0.38 mD,respectively.This gasfield belongs to a typical tight lithological gas reservoir with multiple gas-bearing layers,and low porosity and permeability.To solve some difficulties in its development,a comprehensive index method to evaluate favorable target areas available for this gasfield was developed.At first, more geological parameters relative to single-layer productivity are thoroughly selected to imple-ment a match one by one,and to further analyze their weight,gain a calculation formula of singerlayer productivity index,and develop an evaluation standard for singer-layer favorable target areas.Secondly,based on gas-producing profile test,the contribution weight of productivity in different layers can be made clear,and integrated with the evaluation result on single layer,the multiple-layer productivity index may be calculate.Finally,combined to economic evaluation,the economic development boundary of comprehensive index can be determined,and the favorable target areas can be optimized.This method not only guides a high-effective and scale development for Shenmu gasfield but also gives a reference for similar gas reservoirs.

KEY WORDS:Shenmu gasfield,multiple gas-bearing layers,productivity index,weight coefficient,economic limit production,favorable target area

Dual-Phase Inflow Performance in Fractured Wells of Tight Sandstone Gas Reservoirs

SONG Li1,TAN Yong2,CUI Yongxing3,WANG Minghua4and WANG Ping4

(1.Drilling& Production Technology Research Institute,CNPC Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Company Limited;2.Drilling Fluid Technology Service Company,CNPC Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Company Limited;3.Tazhong Explorationand Development Management Department,PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company;4.Chuanxi Drilling Company,CNPC Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Company Limited).NATURAL GAS EXPLORATION&DEVELOPMENT.v.39 no.4,pp.26-30，12/ 25/2016

ABSTRACT:In tight sandstone gas reservoirs,water may easily be produced from fractured wells due to fracture effect.So,it’s important to accurately predict the effect of inflow performance on rational proration.According to percolation features of gas-water co-producing fractured wells, percolation field can be divided into two parts of both formation and fracture.Furthermore,based on the theory of non-Darcy steady flow along with the concept of disturbance ellipse and equivalent rectangular,we developed the gas-water dual-phase pseudo pressure function taking threshold pressure gradient and stress sensitivity into consideration,deduced a deliverability equation, and finally carried out a calculation for this equation by Newton-Raphson simulation.Results show that there is just a little error between the calculated openflow potential and actually measured one.Therefore,this equation has good practicability.

KEY WORDS:tight sandstone gas reservoir,fractured well,water-producing well,inflow performance,threshold pressure gradient,stress sensitivity

Pressure Change Laws During Percolation of CBM,Qinduan Block,Qinshui Basin

ZHANG Tao and WANG Longjun

（Jinbian Oil Production Plant,Yanchang Oil Field Co., Ltd.）.NATURAL GAS EXPLORATION&DEVELOPMENT.v.39 no.4,pp.31-35，12/25/2016

ABSTRACT:For coalbed methane(CBM),previous study often focused on the adsorption characteristics and desorption mechanism,and ignored the percolation mechanism during its drainage and recovery.So,we explored percolation mechanism of CBM,developed a basic differential equation mode of non-steady flow for elastic porous medium single-phase compressible gas, derived mathematical models of both constant pressure boundary and impermeable boundary,and finally obtained pressure distribution laws during percolation.In addition,for the No.3 CBM of Lower Permian Shanxi Formation and the No.15 CBM of Upper Carboniferous in Qinduan block, Qinshui Basin,their permeability-pressure laws were determined.Furthermore,through modification of constant pressure boundary and impermeable boundary pressure distribution formula,the elastic non-steady percoloation laws suitable for CBM in this block were gained,which could provide reliable theoretical foundation for unstable well testing,be used to define CBM parameters or formation pressure,and give important data for the design and performance analysis of CBM development.

KEY WORDS:Qinduan block,CBM,percolation mechanism,basic differential equation of gas seepage,pressure distribution laws,bounded confining stratum,circular constant-pressure outer boundary

Application of Deconvolution Well Testing Interpretation to Low-Permeability Gas Reservoirs

DENG Hui1,ZENG Lingzhuo2,XU Wei1,YANG Liu1,LI Mingqiu1and YAO Hongyu1(1.Exploration and Development Research Institute,PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gasfield Company; 2.Development Department,PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gasfield Company).NATURAL GAS EXPLORATION&DEVELOPMENT.v.39 no.4,pp.36-39，12/25/2016

ABSTRACT:Due to short shut-in time in development of low-permeability gas reservoirs, most acquired data is hard to reflect the reservoir characteristics and boundary condition.So,a method of deconvolution well testing interpretation is proposed.In this paper,the basic principle and application scope of this method are illustrated,and its application to low-permeability gas reservoirs is also analyzed.Results show that it can successfully solve some problems such as short shut-in time,limited testing data,difficulty in obtaining accurate reservoir parameters,especiallyan obvious effect in precisely identifying boundary or calculating well-controlled reserves.

KEY WORDS:low-permeability gas reservoir,short shut-in time,limitation,deconvolution, well testing,closed boundary

Optimizing Production System of Plunger Gas Lift for Water-Producing Wells

DANG Xiaofeng,Lv Yuhai,CHEN Hu and LIU Yang

（No.1 Gas Production Plant,PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company）.NATURAL GAS EXPLORATION&DEVELOPMENT.v.39 no.4,pp.40-43，12/25/2016

ABSTRACT:Plunger gas lift is one technology which can raise lift efficiency by using the solid interface formed through a plunger between gas and liquid in pipeline to reduce gas channeling and liquid falling back.A rational production system determines directly the drainage effect of plunger gas lift.Three common methods such as system,time and pressure optimization ones are used in fields to optimize production system.However,the first method has the problem of time consuming;and the others have disadvantages of complicated calculation,large error,and low efficiency,because they demand the technology of gathering and transportation,and the comprehensive analysis and calculation of casing pressure,liquid-loading height,shut-in time,and plunger upward speed for fine adjustment.Based on reasonably dividing the operational stages of plunger, analyzing and optimizing the operation parameters,we summarize an optimization method for loading-factor calculation in every stage of production system of plunger gas lift.And good results of field application have been achieved.

KEY WORDS:water-producing well,plunger gas lift,production system,stage analysis,loading factor,system optimization

Countermeasures Against Production Management of Horizontal Wells in Tight Sandstone Gas Reservoirs

JIN Daquan,YANG Zhilun,ZHANG Chunyu,CHEN Qiwen and ZHANG Chun
(No.4 Gas Production Plant,PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company).NATURAL GAS EXPLORATION& DEVELOPMENT.v.39 no.4,pp.44-47，12/25/2016

ABSTRACT:As the key reservoirs in Sulige gasfield,the Permian Shihezi 8 Member and Shanxi 1 Member belong to tight sandstone gas reservoirs.Presently,horizontal wells are the major method of development and the main production ones.However,these kinds of wells have some problems such as rapid decline in pressure and output,wellbore liquid loading at low-yield stages,and management difficulties.So,based on the research of the pressure,output and liquid-loading law of horizontal wells,some countermeasures of“reasonable control of pressure drop,low production allocation,and long-term stable yield”are made,and the parameter configuration of downhole throttler,drainage gas recovery technology and intermittence system are optimized.With these measures,the pressure drop and sand production can be effectively controlled;moreover,the continuous and stable production time should be extended.As a result,the coincidence rate of production allocation of throttler is improved by 17%.At the same time of reducing the intermittent switching frequency,and the dosage and injection frequency of foaming agent for horizontal wells with liquid loading,the wellbore liquid loading can be discharged,and the well-opening period is also prolonged,resulting in significant improvement of production efficiency.

KEY WORDS:Sulige gasfield,tight sandstone gas reservoir,horizontal well,low pressure low production,wellbore liquid loading,production management,technical countermeasure

Progress in Drainage Gas Recovery Technologies and Management Countermeasures for Sulige Gasfield

ZHANG Chun,JIN Daquan,LI Shuanghui and ZHANG Jinbo
(No.4 Gas Production Plant, PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company).NATURAL GAS EXPLORATION&DEVELOPMENT. v.39 no.4,pp.48-52，12/25/2016

ABSTRACT:Sulige gasfield is a typical one characterized by low yield,low pressure,and low abundance.The production rate and pressure decreased rapidly with deficient capability of fluid carrying in some wells after putting into production.Along with the continued development,many liquid-loading gas wells increased yearly and up to 60%of the total numbers of wells.A contradiction between productivity ensuring and liquid-loading problem solving is getting more and more serious.In this study,drainage gas recovery technologies were applied to 6 blocks including Su 6 and Su 36-11 in central Sulige gasfield.Some technologies including foam drainage,velocity string,plunger gas lift,and restoring production by gas lift were analyzed in terms of their progress,applicability,implementation effect,and process evaluation.As the result,the drainage gas recovery technologies suitable for different production phases were determined,and their workflows established.The accumulative increases in gas production over the years exceeded 7×108m3.Formed by application evaluation,the serial technologies of drainage gas recovery for low-pressure and low-yield wells can provide guidance for the development and management of water-producing gas wells in Sulige gasfield.

KEY WORDS:Sulige gasfield,drainage gas recovery,foam drainage,velocity string,plunger gas lift,restoring production by gas lift,applicability analysis

Evaluation of Fracturing-Fluid Damage for Permeability in Coal Seam,Liulin Area,Ordos Basin

GAO Xiang
（No.7 Oil Production Plant,PetroChina Daqing Oilfield）.NATURAL GAS EXPLORATION&DEVELOPMENT.v.39 no.4,pp53-56.，12/25/2016

ABSTRACT:Fracturing stimulation is one of the key tools for CBM development.In Liulin area, Ordos Basin,most coal seams are characterized by low reservoir pressure,permeability,porosity, and gas saturation,and strong adsorbability.By using short-core(temporary plugging)acidizing flow meter,some evaluation on the core permeability damage of coal rocks caused by fracturing fluid with active water,linear gel,gel,and clean fracturing fluid was carried out.Result shows that the active water has the minimum level of damage which is 9.82%to the core permeability;meanwhile,the damage level of the clean fracturing fluid is 43.49%,81%for the gel and gel breaking fracturing fluid,and 89.3%for the linear gel one,individually.Therefore,their damage levels to coal bed are,in order,active water＜clean fracturing fluid＜gel and gel breaking fluid＜leaner gel.The selected active-water fracturing fluid was applied to 10 wells,resulting in the maximum sand ratio no more than 30%,and the average sand ratio of 15%in single well.That means its sand-carrying capacity can meet the requirement of fracturing operation.The success rate is approximately 100%.

KEY WORDS:CBM,permeability,fracturingfluid,activewater,damageevaluation,application

Application of Self-Diverting Acid System to Zhao 51 Block,Sulige Gasfield

CHEN Ruoming1,WANG Sukai1,ZHENG Kexiang1,YIN Fuliang2and RAN Zhaohui3
(1.Drilling Engineering Technology Research Institute,CNPC Xibu Drilling Engineering Company Limited;2.Engineering Technology Company,PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield Company;3.Sulige Gasfield Project Management Team,CNPC Xibu Drilling Engineering Company Limited).NATURAL GAS EXPLORATION&DEVELOPMENT.v.39 no.4,pp.56-58，12/25/2016

ABSTRACT:In Zhao 51 block,Sulige gasfield,the Lower Paleozoic Ordovician Majiagou Formation is one with complicated lithologies dominated by carbonates interbedded with evaporites.It is a typical“three-low”reservoir of low porosity,low permeability,and low pressure.Conventional acid system has the problems of overquick etching reaction,short operating range of fractureacidizing,and uneven improvement of high-and low-permeability reservoir,resulting in inefficient acid fracturing.So,a new system of surfactant self-diverting acid is developed.At 90℃,the viscosity of residual acid of this system is over 150 mPa·s;gel breaking occurs automatically when acid encounters oil and gas in formation;and the viscosity of flowback fluid is less than 5 mPa·s. The acid system was applied to a well in Zhao 51 block showing evident diverting effect.The gas testing production reached 6×104m3/d,which increased 2 times compared with adjacent well just adopting conventional acid fracturing.That is the highest record of acid fracturing production of single well in this block.

KEY WORDS:Sulige gasfield,Zhao 51 block,carbonate rock,acid fracturing,self-diverting acid,application

Staged Fracturing Using Cementing Sliding Sleeve for Horizontal Wells in Tight Sandstone Gas Reservoirs

SHEN Beibei
（Engineering and Technology Research Institute,Sinopec North China Company）.NATURAL GAS EXPLORATION&DEVELOPMENT.v.39 no.4,pp.59-63，12/25/2016

ABSTRACT:Daniudi gasfield of Ordos Basin is a typical tight sandstone gas reservoir with low porosity and permeability.Horizontal well with staged fracturing is the key technology for economical and efficient development.In order to solve the problems of uncontrollable fracture starting position and the secondary fracturing difficulties during open-hole packer staged fracturing, we analyzed the applicability of cementing sliding sleeve staged fracturing technology.This study describes the operation principle,tool sets,and characteristics.Moreover,we carried out field application and after-fracturing analysis.Results show that the technology not only can realize fixed-point fracturing,but also has high efficiency with fracturing completed for 10 intervals in one day.Furthermore,adopting annular fracturing,it has advantages of low friction of operation, good performance of tools,and high success ratio of fracturing.It is worth to be popularized to Daniudi gasfield or other tight reservoirs.

KEY WORDS:Daniudi gasfield,tight sandstone reservoir,horizontal well,cementing sliding sleeve,coiled tubing,staged fracturing

Application of KCl Polysulfonate Drilling-Fluid System to Horizontal Wells,Yanchang Gasfield

ZHANG Yongli1,2,WU Gaoxiang2,WANG Yandong2,ZHANG Fei2and WU Beibei2

(1. Xi’an Shiyou University;2.Oil and Gas Exploitation Company,Shaanxi Yanchang Petroleum（Group）Co.,Ltd.）.NATURAL GAS EXPLORATION&DEVELOPMENT.v.39 no.4,pp.64-67，12/25/2016

ABSTRACT:Most gas reservoirs in Ordos Basin are mainly sandstone ones with low porosity and permeability.Horizontal-well technology is usually adopted to enlarge drainage area,explore full potential of reservoir,increase single-well production,and further improve development benefits.Horizontal-well drilling for Yanchang gasfield began in 2011.But,many complicated accidents such as lost circulation and borehole collapse often occurred.Along with the long period and high cost of drilling,the development benefits were not obvious.According to the analysis on geology,engineering condition,and drilling-fluid technical difficulties,aiming at the problems of borehole instability and lost circulation,we compared the inhibition and plugging property of polysulfonate drilling fluid with those of KCl polysulfonate drilling fluid.Results show that the latter possesses the better inhibition and plugging property.Field application to two wells also indicates that the KCl polysulfonate drilling-fluid system has the advantages of prevention of collapse and lost circulation.This system may shorten drilling period,avoid complicated accidents, and bring about obvious economical benefits.

KEY WORDS:Yanchang gasfield,formation,easy collapse and lost circulation,KCl polysulfonate drilling-fluid system,borehole stability,lost circulation prevention,plugging

Elastic-Plastic Cement Slurry System for Tight Sandstone Reservoirs and Its Application to E’nan Oilfield

YANG Dazu and LIU Yongsheng
（Engineering and Technology Research Institute,Sinopec North China Company）.NATURAL GAS EXPLORATION&DEVELOPMENT.v.39 no.4,pp.68-71，12/25/ 2016

ABSTRACT:Most reservoirs in E'nan oilfield belong to tight sandstone ones with low porosity and permeability.Horizontal-well casing cementation and completion along with large-scale fracturing are generally adopted to realize their effective development.In order to improve the capability of cement sheath bearing an impact force from large-scale fracturing and maintain the integrity of cement sheath,not only the excellent toughness but also the good elastoplasticity of cement stone are required.Thus,the MFR,an elastic-plastic material,is developed,and its performance tested.Based on the laboratory test,the optimum rational dosage of MFR is 1%～3%.The formula of elastic-plastic cement slurry system is optimized.As the result,cement stone in this formula has the properties of suitable elastic modulus and high bending strength(with fracturetoughness increased by 44.8%),and can meet the demands of horizontal-well cementation.This cement slurry system has been applied to 139.7 mm production casing in HH73P92 well,testing result of VDL shows a high cementing quality.

KEY WORDS:tight reservoir,horizontal well,well cementation,elastoplasticity,cement slurry system

Application Scenarios of Big Data in City Gas Industry

YANG Huan
(Chengdu City Gas Co.,Ltd.).NATURAL GAS EXPLORATION&DEVELOPMENT.v.39 no.4,pp.72-75，12/25/2016

楊桓，1992年生，助理工程師；主要從事油氣儲(chǔ)運(yùn)和城市燃?xì)獾难芯俊５刂罚海?10041）成都市武侯區(qū)少陵路19號(hào)。電話(huà)：18628193367。E-mail：85472711@qq.com