葉曉芳

常州工程職業(yè)技術學院基礎部，江蘇 常州 213164

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淺談含and的名詞、形容詞和副詞習語

葉曉芳*

常州工程職業(yè)技術學院基礎部，江蘇 常州 213164

習語一般是指有特定形式的詞組，其所蘊含的意義往往不能從詞組中單個詞的意思來推測。含and的名詞、形容詞和副詞習語便是如此，它們大都結構簡單，但意義深遠，因此，往往不能僅從字面意義去理解。

and；名詞；形容詞；副詞；習語

英語中有許多習語是由and連接兩個名詞、形容詞或副詞構成的，這些名詞、形容詞或副詞的順序往往約定俗成。有時，常用的英語習語在結構上會與漢語有著相似之處，但他們的實際意思有時卻不是字面意義的簡單組合，甚至有可能相差甚遠。正確理解并掌握這些習語的意義和用法對提高英語水平有著十分重要的意義，下面就舉例加以說明：

1.black and blue遍體鱗傷的；(身上)青一塊，紫一塊

After the fight，he was black and blue all over.打架之后，他渾身青一塊紫一塊。

2.dead and gone已死去

Often a genius is recognized only after he is dead and gone. 天才往往在離開人世之后才得到認可。

3.fair and square 公正地；正中目標；公平合理

We won the game fair and square.我們光明正大地贏了這場比賽。

4.few and far between 很少；少見；罕見

Successful women politicians are few and far between.成功的女政治家鳳毛麟角。

5.free and easy不拘禮節(jié)的，自由自在的；灑脫；清閑自在

The teacher was free and easy with his students.老師不拘小節(jié)的和學生們相處.

6.safe and sound 平安無事；平安無恙；無恙

1)He telegraphed that he had arrived in London safe and sound.他電告他已平安抵達倫敦.

2)The fragile china survived the bumpy journey safe and sound.

那批易碎的瓷器經(jīng)過顛簸的旅途仍完好無損。

7.high and dry 孤苦伶仃；孤立無援，處于困境

1)The old man was left high and dry.這位老人孤苦伶仃。

2)The depression left his business high and dry.不景氣使他的生意陷入困境.

8.high and low 到處

I have looked for the letter high and low.我已經(jīng)到處找過那封信.

9.high and mighty 趾高氣揚；神氣活現(xiàn)

He became high and mighty after he was made captain of the team.

他成了隊長之后變得神氣活現(xiàn)。

10.the long and(the)short of it 事實上

The long and short of it is that Jack and Jane have broken their engagement.

總之一句話，杰克和珍妮解除了婚約。

11.meek and mild 逆來順受的；溫和的

The girl is meek and mild，everyone in the family is fond of her.

女孩十分溫順，家里每個人都喜愛她。

12.null and void 無效的；(協(xié)議)無法律效力，失效的

A spokeswoman said the agreement had been declared null and void.

女發(fā)言人稱該協(xié)議已宣布無效。

13.rich and poor 貧富

Everyone，rich and poor，is born equal.無論貧富，人生來都是平等的。

14.thick and thin 艱難險阻；任何情況下

1)Our team will go out to help you through thick and thin.

我們的隊友將竭盡全力幫助你克服一切艱難險阻。

2)They remained friends through thick and thin.他們在任何情況下都是好朋友。

15.first and foremost重要的是；首要的；第一

I see myself，first and foremost，as a working artist.

我首先還是把自己看作一名藝術工作者。

16.out and away 絕對

He's out and away the cleverest boy in our class.他絕對是我們班上最聰明的學生。

17.good and proper徹底

After that，he broke with his girl-friend good and proper.

自從那件事情發(fā)生后，他和他女朋友徹底斷絕了關系。

18.black and white 白紙黑字，黑白片；青紅皂白；書面形式

1)This is an old film in black and white.這是一部舊的黑白電影。

2)He'd seen the proof in black and white.他已經(jīng)看過書面證據(jù)。

19.bread and butter 生計

I don’t write just for fun-it’s my bread and butter.

我寫作并不是為了樂趣，它是我的生財之道。

20.cats and dogs 傾盆大雨

It’s raining cats and dogs.天空下著傾盆大雨。

21.cups and saucers 咖啡杯子和碟子

He placed cups and saucers on the table.他把杯子和茶碟放到桌上.

22.track and field 田徑；田徑賽

It rained，therefore the track and field meet was put off.

天下雨，因此，運動會延期了。

23.iron and steel 鋼鐵

Wealthy countries restrain the export of scrap iron and steel.

富裕的國家限制出口廢鋼鐵。

24.in twos and threes 三三兩兩

The students of Class C came into the class in twos and threes.

C班的學生三三兩兩地走進了班級。

25.ups and downs 沉浮，起伏，盛衰

Every relationship has a lot of ups and downs.每段感情都有許多起伏。

26.up and down 上上下下；起落

He eyed him up and down.他上下打量著他。

27.pros and cons 利弊；正反兩方面；優(yōu)缺點；贊成和反對的理由

They sat for hours debating the pros and cons of setting up their own firm.

他們在一起坐了數(shù)小時，討論自己創(chuàng)辦公司的利弊。

28.wheel and deal 玩弄手段；投機鉆研

Mr.Smith likes to wheel and deal everywhere he goes.

史密斯先生不論到哪兒都喜歡想法賺別人的錢.

盡管含and的名詞、形容詞和副詞習語還有很多，以上例句已足夠說明，英語學習者一定要徹底弄清楚這些習語的確切含義，切不可牽強附會，望文生義。

[1]www.iciba.com.

葉曉芳(1978-)，女，江蘇泰興人，常州工程職業(yè)技術學院基礎部，講師，研究方向：英語教學法。

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