Xianpu WANG,Shunli YU,Weiwei FANG

State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Changes,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China

A Study on the Relationships of Ecological Civilization Construction with Natural Conservation and Sustainable Resources Use

Xianpu WANG,Shunli YU*,Weiwei FANG

State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Changes,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China

Ecological Civilization Construction and natural conservation and sustainable resources use are three aspects of same object proposed from various angles of theory and practice.The paper intends to simply deal with some problems of this aspect and to propose corresponding suggestions for related departments.

Ecological civilization construction;Eco-developmental civilization era; Natural conservation;Sustainable development;Biosphere reserve

I n September 2012,the 5thWorld Conservation Congress was held in Jeju Island by International Union of Nature Conservation(IUCN), themed by Resilient Nature,discussing how to respect,conform to, and protect nature,based on which research can be conducted on further recognizing nature,scientific using of nature,improving nature and renovating nature activity in order to tackle climate change,establish a naturalprotection and green economy system, manage biodiversity for human welfare,and guarantee food safety,which drew attention worldwide.In November of the same year,the 18thParty Congress proposed to make great efforts to promote ecological progress, which is believed of vitalimportance to the people’s wellbeing and China’s future,and it has been incorporated into allaspects and the whole process of advancing economic,political,culturaland socialprogress.It is obvious that the concerned issue coincides at home and abroad,butthe specific aspects,such as correlation,targets and tasks,and the measures for achieving the goals,are not so clear,which are explored in the research.

Construction of ecologicalcivilization is a theoretical guiding ideology applicable for economy development in any region,which demands specific implementations.Furthermore,natural protection and resource recycling should comply with ecological development rules in different regions,for withouta correctguidance thought,immediate interests would dominate,resulting in resource exhaustion,ecosystem injury and environment pollution. In contrary,however,if environment is over-protected,it won’t work,either, which would lead to poaching and excessively felling.Therefore,both sides should be well considered,which are ofclose relationship.

Basic Task

Ecological civilization construction,and natural conservation and sustainable resources use are three aspects ofsame theme proposed from perspectives of theory and practice, butthe task is the same.

To intensify effects of natural protection on globalwarming changes

Because of discharge of green-house gases,the change of globalclimate changes has drawn more and more attention,and deglaciation,sealevel rise,changes of climate pattern, and extreme weather have become major factors driving change of biodiversity and instability of agricultural production.With attention paid to reduction of CO2discharge,the way to reduce the discharge by nature force is not well considered.For example, some measures can be proposed,including intensifying protection on forests,rational use of pasturing areas,construction of farmland regions to comprehensive agricultural region characterized by landscape diversity, highlighting management on wetlands and coastal zones,freshwater or sea fishing in a scientific way,reinforce urban afforestation,extension of development scales of circular economy and low-carbon economy,making full use of renewable energy sources,effective control of pollutants’discharges,maintaining environment quality,establishing biodiversity management region,ecological demonstration zone and eco-towns.In general,it is key to guarantee coexistence of modernization and nature and of economy construction with biodiversity and culturaldiversity[1-4].

To protect network construction and establish green economy in conservation zones

A conservation zone is a unique land dedicated to land and wildlife conservation.With social development,it gradually evolves into a fundamentalunit for regionaleco-civilization construction integrating protection and development.Based on division of functional zones,the conflict possibly produced from simultaneous protection and development can be wellresolved.Hence,to welldevelop a conservation zone would promote ecologicaldevelopmentofthe region.What’s more,the protection of regional network is key for natural protection, which concerns different departments, organizations and even every person, besides governments.Therefore, competent departments should obtain funds from national finance,and implement tasks into social and economic development plan,state-operated or privately operated,as well,to make a benefited environment and rich resources accessible,with corresponding duties.Hence,natural protection activities would not only pure public welfare establishments just shouldered by governments,but also a burgeoning eco-civilization construction task.It is notable that both of conservation zone and economic entities are a part of green economy system[5-9]and iforiginalforestry stations would develop comprehensively as per conservation zone management model,it is understandable that naturalforest protection project is considered in playing a role of leading green economy[10-11].

To manage biodiversity for human wellbeing

Human existence and development mainly rely on biodiversity. Therefore,it is an important task for construction of eco-civilization to improve human livelihood,reduce poverty and environmentalfragility,as well as improve environment quality and human safety by protecting and sustainable use of biodiversity. Specifically,measures such as in situ conservation,ex-situ conservation, and in vitro conservation,can be taken to develop conservation zones,botanic garden,zoo,aquarium,and gene pool,to establish into basic units of ecological civilization construction.Still, production can never be ignored,for many endangered species are saved by cultivation and breeding,including ginkgo,metasequoia,elk and sika deer[12-17].

To advance eco-agriculture and establish organic agriculture production base

Traditional agricultural districts are mostly comprehensive agriculture with all-round development of agriculture forestry,animal husbandry,sideline occupations and fishery based on long-term practices.In the ecosystems of crop rotation,intercropping and relay intercropping,the integration of localexcellent species and soil animals or microorganism guarantees sustainability of soil fertility and crop high yield.Nevertheless,in so many agricultural districts,such tradition disappears already,and most depend on extensive managementfarmlands with external so-called high-yielding species and small-scale agriculture, for most labor forces become migrant workers and biology culture is replaced by chemistry.Consequently, with a high yield,some regions are contaminated in soils and crops,resulting in unsafe food.Currently,it is necessary and key to draw experience, develop eco-agriculture according to local conditions and establish organic agriculture production bases[17-21].

To determine the relationship of tourism with biodiversity and cultural diversity to promote ecotourism

World tourism organization determined the theme of World Tourism Day in 2010 as"Tourism and Biodiversity",demanding people to better learn the role played by biodiversity and related cultural diversity in advancing eco-tourism.The attracting scenic spots and sites can be chosen fr sightseeing,relaxing,or improving health from the perspectives of landscape diversity,bio-system diversity, biodiversity,genetic diversity or culturaldiversity.After all,eco-tourism is a crucial component of eco-civilization construction,which is indispensable for socialand economic advancement, and whose development would make contribution to eco-civilization construction and new socialist countryside construction.Hence,eco-tourism should be well considered and implemented in constructing conservation zones and protecting biodiversity[22].

To establish and improve legislation system in naturalprotection

With progress made of China in participating international ecological convention,domestic legislation system maintains incomplete in terms of nature field.For example,some laws and regulations lag behind concerning natural protection[23].At present,construction of ecological civilization has been a partofnationalsocialand economic development,and it becomes urgent for construction of ecological civilization to formulate laws from the perspective of natural protection,including nature conservation act,biodiversity conservation act,culturaldiversity protection law,reserve act,natural and culturalheritage conservation law, endangered species law,law of prevention and control of bio-invasion,bio-security act,renewable energy law,biological resources management regulation,regulations of returning the grain plots to forestry and lake,and eco-compensation rules. Only by a complete legislation system could a harmonious society be accomplished[24-26].

To reinforce eco-conservation promotion and education and to advance establishment of awareness of ecologicalcivilization

The construction of ecological civilization aims at implementing sustainable development strategy,constructing a harmonious society,and correcting the practice of overdeveloping resources in industrial age,which demands the reinforcementof ecology awareness among people,promoting present and future development of China.However,it is known that ecology awareness is an advanced consciousness,which is difficultto be formulated.On the other hand,consciousness and matter are ofclose relationship,and it is meaningless for consciousness without matter.What’s more,it is feasible for coexistence between modernization and nature and ofeconomy construction with biodiversity and culturaldiversity to stimulate exploration on natural and social development and overcome eagerness for quick success and instant benefits by education ofeco-conservation,involving school education and social education.It can be concluded that eco-conservation education is a key for construction of ecologicalcivilization,which should be conducted in a long term[27-28].

To intensify cooperation and exchange at home and abroad

The construction ofecologicalcivilization is an internationalundertaking, which requires both successive experiences at home and abroad and selfobtained effective ways,including constructing trans-boundary conservation zone,carrying out cooperation and exchanges,holding forum,seminar, training course,and economic conference[29].

Key Ways

After determination of basic definition,objective and task of ecological civilization,feasible implementation ways are necessary and urgent.It is obvious that it is the most crucial to improve management system and establish coordination departments. Presently,with management departments available,most work for the benefit of their departments,and it is demanding for a leading and authorized department.According to the principle of"uniformed coordination and scattered management",governmentreform should take the issue into consideration.In Guiyang City, Guizhou Province,a priority was given to innovation system by local government,and leading work was emphasized of the ecological civilization work,in order to further strengthen construction of eco-civilization city, which provides references and suggestions[30].Ifa nationalecologicalcivilization construction committee can be established administered by National Development and Reform Commission or the State Council,it is of high probability that the objective can be achieved with policies and funds.Itis a serious issue should be attended in institutionalreform.

Conclusions

In the 21stcentury,the 18thParty Congress to make greatefforts to promote ecological progress,incorporating that the current period is quite key for further development[31],which should be recognized by different departments or organizations.If management system above can be well accomplished,natural conservation and resource recycling should be well integrated.At present,biosphere conservation zones have been demonstrated to be a management mode that would integrated protection and development,with management type and monitoring established[32-34].Therefore,on basis of previous experience in conservation zones available,it is recommended to carry out test demonstrations to promote further development.

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Responsible editor:Xiaoxue WANG

Responsible proofreader:Xiaoyan WU

論生態(tài)文明建設(shè)㈦自然保護(hù)和資源持續(xù)利⒚的關(guān)系

王獻(xiàn)溥，于順利*，方偉偉
（中國(guó)科學(xué)院植物研究所植被和環(huán)境變化國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，北京100093）

生態(tài)文明建設(shè)和自然保護(hù)㈦資源持續(xù)利⒚是從理論和實(shí)踐不同的角度所提出的同一事物的兩個(gè)方面，它們是當(dāng)今生態(tài)發(fā)展文明時(shí)代最關(guān)鍵的任務(wù)。該研究探討了生態(tài)文明建設(shè)㈦自然保護(hù)和資源持續(xù)利⒚的相關(guān)問(wèn)題，并提出相應(yīng)的意見(jiàn)供有關(guān)部門(mén)參考。

生態(tài)文明建設(shè)；生態(tài)發(fā)展文明時(shí)代；自然保護(hù)；可持續(xù)發(fā)展；生物圈保護(hù)區(qū)

中國(guó)科學(xué)院戰(zhàn)略性科技先導(dǎo)項(xiàng)目碳專(zhuān)項(xiàng)（XDA05050300）；國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金面上項(xiàng)目（41171041）資助。

王獻(xiàn)濤（1927-），男，廣西梧州人，研究員，從事植被生態(tài)學(xué)㈦自然保護(hù)區(qū)管理方面的研究工作。*通訊作者，E-mail：shunliyu@ibcas.ac.cn。

2014-11-04

Supported by the"Strategic Priority Research Program"of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA05050300);the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41171041).

*Corresponding author.E-mail:shunliyu@ibcas.ac.cn

Received:November 4,2014 Accepted:December 16,2014

修回日期2014-12-16