Liping TIAN, Fuhua SHAN, Xinhuan GAO, Liping REN, Changping ZHAO, Fengting ZHANG

Beijing Engineering and Technical Research Center of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097, China

Wheat is an important food crop worldwide, and new variety breeding plays a crucial role in wheat production. Over the past years,developing new wheat varieties has been the key emphasis in Beijing Engineering and Technical Research Center of Hybrid Wheat[1]. A middle-type breeding model of “big grain as a characteristic, high grain weight per spike as an advantage and considering the harmonious development of three yield components”[2]was adopted and the new wheat variety Jingdong 23 was successfully bred,which was examined and approved by Beijing Crop Variety Examination and Approving Committee in 2008 (number: JSM 2008001). According to the performance of Jingdong 23 in the water conservation regional test and production test in Beijing, the characteristics were analyzed to provide a reference for wheat growers.

Breeding of Jingdong 23

Yuandong 6 and 92 R149 were used to make a single cross. The seeds of Yuandong 6/92 R149 were irradiated by γ-rays in 250 Gy. High generation of Yuandong 5305-1 was selected in 2003 after four-year continuous selection and the pedigree is(Yuandong 6/92 R149) γ 250-1-6-4-1.The conventional identification test was conducted in the autumn of 2003,with an identification number Jingnong 04-133. Meanwhile, a plenty of individual plants were planted and harvested.The selected lines were sowed in yield potential trial for variety comparison in the autumn of 2004. Seeds of advanced lines were sowed in the autumn of 2005 to participate in the Beijing water conservation regional test.

Yield Results and Components

The yield of Jingdong 23 in the identification test in the experimental field of Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences was 9 511.5 kg/hm2during 2003 -2004 cropping season, which was 20.9% more than the control Jingdong 8. The yield of Jingdong 23 in the variety comparison test in the experimental field of Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences was 6 358.5 kg/hm2during 2004-05 cropping season, which was 20.9% more than the control Jingdong 8. It was recommended to participate in the Beijing water conservation regional test in 2006 and 2007. There were five test locations for Beijing water conservation regional test distributed in the suburban areas of Beijing.Field trials were performed with randomized complete blocks with three replicates in every regional test location; the plot area was 13 m2and all wheat varieties in the plot area were harvested; sowing date was from September 25 to October 5 and the basic seedlings were 3 million/hm2;the plot area of production test was 333.3 m2. Disease resistance was tested by Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,and quality test was conducted by Grain Quality Supervision Test Center, Department of Agriculture.

The average yield of Jingdong 23 in Bejing water conservation regional test in 2006 and 2007 was 4 849.8 kg/hm2, which was 4.5% more than the control Jingdong 8. In 2006, the yield of Jingdong 23 in the regional test was 5 233.65 kg/hm2,which was 7.9%more than the control Jingdong 8 and the difference reached an extremely significant level. In 2007, the yield of Jingdong 23 in the regional test was 4 465.8 kg/hm2which was 0.7% more than the control Jingdong 8 and the difference was not significant. In 2007, the yield of Jingdong 23 in the production test was 4 930.5 kg/hm2,which was 6.93% more than the control Jingdong 8[3].

The average spike number in the two years was 6.135 million/ha and the number of grain per spike was 27.5,and the thousand kernel weight was 41.7 g. The variation was small between the two years. The average plant height in regional test in the two years was 67.8 cm and the plant height in the production test was 65.9 cm. The average overwintering death rate of stem in the two years was 14.5%.The cold tolerance of Jingdong 23 was good and it could live through winter generally.

Table 1 Yield performance of Jingdong 23 in Beijing water conservation regional tests and production test

Table 2 Yield components of Jingdong 23 in Beijing water conservation regional tests and production test

Variety Characteristics

Jingdong 23 has big spikes, a plenty of grains, moderate plant height, good plant types, good lodging resistances and winter habit. The whole growth period of Jingdong 23 in the water conservation regional test was 247.8 d and the maturation period was similar to that of Jingdong 8.Jingdong 23 has procumbent young seedlings, deep green leaves, moderate tillering abilities, high rates of spikes formation, fusiform spikes, long awns,white husks,white and half keratose grains.In the water conservation regional test, the average spike number was about 6.135 million/ha; the number of grains per spike was 26-29 and the thousand kernel weight was 41-45 g. The three yield components were coordinated. The cold tolerance and yellow rust resistance were good.Jingdong 23 was immune to yellow rust,resistant to leaf rust and susceptible to powdery mildew in 2006, and nearly immune to yellow rust, moderately susceptible to powdery mildew and highly susceptible to stem rust in 2007 according to inoculation identification by Plant Protection Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

Quality Character

According to the measurement by Grain Quality Supervision Test Center,Ministry of Agriculture in 2007, the volume-weight of Jingdong 23 was 762 g/L; protein content (dry basis)was 15.81%; wet gluten content (14%wet basis) was 36.6%; sedimentation value was 29.9 ml; water absorption was 58.6%; formation time was 3.4 min; stabilization time was 2.7 min;extension area was 44 cm2; extensi-bility was 169 mm and Maxium height of extensogram was 174 E.U.

Main Cultivation Techniques and Appropriate Growing Areas

The appropriate sowing date of Jingdong 23 in northern winter wheat area was October 1 to 5 and the basic seedlings were 3 to 4.5 million/hm2.The basic seedlings should be increased with the postponing of sowing date when seeds were sowed after October 5. Enough base fertilizer should be applied and enough water should be irrigated before winter. Fertilizer and water should be controlled around the erecting stage. Fertilizer and water should be sufficiently applied after jointing stage.Water should be irrigated timely during flowering and grain filling stage. Weeds, aphid and diseases should be controlled timely[4-6].

Winter wheat areas with middlehigh fertility including Beijing, north Hebei are suitable for Jingdong 23.Field management with sufficient fertilizer and water is good for Jingdong 23.

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