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        SOME COMPLETELY MONOTONIC FUNCTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH THE q-GAMMA AND THE q-POLYGAMMA FUNCTIONS?

        2015-11-21 07:12:37AhmedSALEM

        Ahmed SALEM

        Department of Basic Science,F(xiàn)aculty of Information Systems&Computer Science,October 6 University,Sixth of October City,Egypt

        Eid S.KAMEL

        Department of Mathematics,F(xiàn)aculty Science,Al Jouf University,Sakaka,Al Jouf,Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

        SOME COMPLETELY MONOTONIC FUNCTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH THE q-GAMMA AND THE q-POLYGAMMA FUNCTIONS?

        Ahmed SALEM

        Department of Basic Science,F(xiàn)aculty of Information Systems&Computer Science,October 6 University,Sixth of October City,Egypt

        E-mail:ahmedsalem74@hotmail.com

        Eid S.KAMEL

        Department of Mathematics,F(xiàn)aculty Science,Al Jouf University,Sakaka,Al Jouf,Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

        E-mail:Kamel-email:es kamel@yahoo.com

        In this paper,the q-analogue of the Stirling formula for the q-gamma function(Moak formula)is exploited to prove the complete monotonicity properties of some functions involving the q-gamma and the q-polygamma functions for all real number q> 0.The monotonicity of these functions is used to establish sharp inequalities for the q-gamma and the q-polygamma functions and the q-Harmonic number.Our results are shown to be a generalization of results which were obtained by Selvi and Batir[23].

        completely monotonic functions;inequalities;q-gamma function;q-polygamma function

        2010 MR Subject Classification 33D05;26D15;26A48

        1 Introduction

        In the recent past a lot of papers appeared providing inequalities and complete monotonicity properties for the gamma function,q-gamma function and related functions;see[2-4,6-10,14,15,17,20-23]and the references given therein.Sevli and Batir[23]concerned the function

        and some other functions related toμ(x),whereμ(x)is the classical remainder in the Stirling formula for gamma function given as

        It is well known thatμ(x)is completely monotonic on(0,∞).They obtained some complete monotonicity results and as applications of these they offer upper and lower bounds for thegamma function and harmonic numbers.Many of the classical facts about the ordinary gamma function were extended to the q-gamma function(see[5,12,13,16,19]and the references given therein).The q-gamma function is defined for positive real numbers x and q/=1 as

        and

        From the definitions,for a positive x and q≥1,we get

        An important fact for gamma function in applied mathematics as well as in probability is the Stirling formula that gives a pretty accurate idea about the size of gamma function.With the Euler-Maclaurin formula,Moak[12]obtained the following q-analogue of Stirling formula(see also[17])

        where H(·)denotes the Heaviside step function,Bkare the Bernoulli numbers,?q=q if 0<q≤1 and?q=q-1if q≥1[x]q=(1-qx)/(1-q),Li2(z)is the dilogarithm function defined for complex argument z as[1]

        Pkis a polynomial of degree k satisfying

        and

        where r=exp(4π2/logq).It is easy to see that

        and so(1.6)when letting q→1,tends to the ordinary Stirling formula[1]

        An important related function to q-gamma function is the q-digamma function(q-Psi function ψq)defined as the logarithmic derivative of the q-gamma function

        From(1.3),we get for all real variable x>0,

        Krattenthaler and Srivastava[11]proved that ψq(x)tends to ψ(x)when letting q→1 where ψ(x)is the ordinary Psi(digamma)function.For more details on q-digamma function see[18].

        A real-valued function f,defined on an interval I,is called completely monotonic,if f has derivatives of all orders and satisfies

        These functions have numerous applications in various branches,like,for instance,numerical analysis and probability theory.From(1.13)and(1.14),Alzer and Grinshpan[3]concluded that ψ′q(x)is strictly completely monotonic on(0,∞)for any q>0,that is,

        Selvi and Batir[20]proved the complete monotonicity properties of some functions involving the gamma and polygamma functions.As consequences of them they established various inequalities for the gamma function and the harmonic numbers.The main purpose of this paper is to generalizing of their results for q>0 after replacing the ordinary concepts by its q-analogues in q-calculus.Further results are also derived.

        2 The Main Results

        According to Moak formula for q-gamma function(1.6),the q-analogue ofμ(x)defined in(1.2)can be denoted and defined as

        It is useful to prove thatμq(x)is completely monotonic on(0,∞)for q>0;this follows from the theorem.

        Theorem 2.1 The functionμq(x)as defined in(2.1)is completely monotonic on(0,∞)for all real q>0.

        Proof Differentiation yields

        When 0<q<1,(1.13)gives

        where

        From the previous relations,we can conclude that

        which reveals that-μ′q(x)is completely monotonic on(0,∞). When q≥1,(1.5)and(2.2)give

        As a consequence of the previous theorem and the fact that

        we obtain the following bounds for the q-gamma function.

        Corollary 2.2 Let x and q be positive real numbers.Then we have

        and

        where

        A q-analogue of Harmonic number defined by[24]as

        which can be related to ψq(n+1)for a positive integer n by

        we can deduce the following.

        Corollary 2.3 Let x and q be positive real numbers.Then we have

        and for a positive integer n,we have

        Lemma 2.4 The function

        Proof Differentiaition gives y log2yg′(y)=h(y)where

        Differentiation again gives y logy(2(1-y)+logy+y logy)2h′(y)=f(y),where

        Using the same technique used to prove Lemma 1.1 in[17],we can write f(y)as

        where

        Theorem 2.5 Let x,q>0 and a≥0.The function

        is completely monotonic if and only if a≥g(?q)where g(q)as defined in(2.11).Also,the function-Fb(x;q)is completely monotonic if and only if b=0.

        Proof Differentiation yields for q>0

        When 0<q<1 and x>0,we conclude that

        where

        It is obvious that the function a→f(a,y),0<y<1 is decreasing and it has just one zero function depending on y at a=g(y),0<y<1 where the function g defined as in(2.11).The function f(0,y)can be computed after short calculations as

        When q≥1 and x>0,(1.5)and(2.14)give

        These conclude that-F′a(x;q);a≥g(?q)and F′0(x;q)are completely monotonic on(0,∞)for q>0.This means that Fa(x;q);a>g(?q)is decreasing on(0,∞)for q>0 and F0(x;q)is increasing on(0,∞)for q>0.From(1.13)and(1.5)we get

        Conversely,let Fa(x;q)is completely monotonic on(0,∞)for q>0,then?q-xFa(x;q)≥0. Salem[17]proved that

        and from(1.13)we get

        These conclude that

        or equivalently

        From the above theorem,we can obtain F0(x;q)<0<Fg(?q)(x;q),x>0 from which we provide the following.

        Corollary 2.6 Let x and q be positive real numbers.Then we have

        with the best possible constants α=g(?q)and β=0 for q>0.

        Theorem 2.7 Let x and q be positive real numbers.Then the function

        is completely monotonic on(0,∞)for q>0.

        Proof Differentiation yields

        When 0<q<1 and x>0 we conclude that

        where

        which can be read as

        where

        and

        Let?is the forward shift operator and?i=?(?i-1),i=1,2,···.It is easy to see that?3?2(n)=3?32?n-6>0 for all n≥4 and?2?2(4),??2(4)and ?2(4)are greater than zero which lead to ?2(n)>0 for all n≥4.These yield that the function ?(y)>0;y∈(0,1). Therefore the function-G′q(x)is completely monotonic on(0,∞).

        When q≥1 and x>0,(1.5)and(2.17)give

        which leads to-G′q(x)is completely monotonic on(0,∞).These conclude that-G′q(x)is completely monotonic on(0,∞)for q>0.This means that Gq(x)is decreasing on(0,∞).To complete the proof,it suffices to prove thatTo do this,we havefor q>0 and when 0<q<1,we get

        and when q>1,we get

        These end the proof.

        Corollary 2.8 Let x and q be positive real numbers.Then we have

        Corollary 2.9 Let x and q be positive real numbers.Then we have

        and for a positive integer n,we have

        where

        The proofs of the previous two corollaries come from the monotonicity of Gq(x)and G′q(x)and the facts

        and

        Theorem 2.10 Let x and q be positive real numbers.Then the function

        is strictly completely monotonic on(0,∞)for q>0.

        Proof Differentiation yields

        When 0<q<1 and x>0 we conclude that

        where

        which can be rewrite,after short calculations,as

        This means that K′q(x)<0;x∈(0,∞).Thus it follows from(2.23)that-K′q(x)is strictly completely monotonic on(0,∞)for 0<q<1.

        to compute that

        Using the previous result to calculate the limit

        Corollary 2.11 Let x and q be positive real numbers.Then we have

        Corollary 2.12 Let x and q be positive real numbers.Then we have

        and

        Similarly,the proofs of the previous two corollaries come from the monotonicity of Kq(x)and K′q(x)and the facts

        [1]Abramowitz M,Stegun C A.Handbook of Mathematical Functions with Formulas,Graphs,Mathematical Tables.Applied Mathematics Series,Vol 55.Washington,DC:National Bureau of Standards,1964

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        [3]Alzer H,Grinshpan A Z.Inequalities for the gamma and q-gamma functions.J Appr Theory,2007,144: 67-83

        [4]Alzer H,Batir N.Monotonicity properties of the gamma function.Appl Math Lett,2007,20:778-781

        [5]Askey R.The q-gamma and q-beta functions.Appl Anal,1978,8:125-141

        [6]Elezovic N,Giordano C,Pecaric J.Convexity and q-gamma function.Rendiconti del Circolo Matematico di Palermo,Series II,1999,48:285-298

        [7]Gao P.Some monotonicity properties of gamma and q-gamma functions.ISRN Math Anal,2011,2011: 1-15

        [8]Grinshpan A Z,Ismail M E H.Completely monotonic functions involving the gamma and q-gamma functions.Proc Amer Math Soc,2006,134:1153-1160

        [9]Ismail M E H,Muldoon M E.Inequalities and monotonicity properties for gamma and q-gamma functions//Zahar R V M,ed.Approximation and Computation,International Series of Numerical Mathematics. Boston,MA:Birkhauser,1994,119:309-323

        [10]Ismail M E H,Lorch L,Muldoon M E.Completely monotonic functions associated with the gamma function and its q-analogues.J Math Anal Appl,1986,116:1-9

        [11]Krattenthaler C,Srivastava H M.Summations for basic hypergeometric series involving a q-analogue of the digamma function.Comput Math Appl,1996,32(2):73-91

        [12]Moak D S.The q-analogue of Stirling's formula.Rocky Mountain J Math,1984,14:403-413

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        [16]Olde Daalhuis A B.asymptotic expansions of q-gamma,q-exponential and q-Bessel functions.J Math Anal Appl,1994,186:896-913

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        [18]Salem A.Some properties and expansions associated with q-digamma function.Quaest Math,2013,36(1): 67-77

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        [20]Salem A.An infinite class of completely monotonic functions involving the q-gamma function.J Math Anal Appl,2013,406(2):392-399

        [21]Salem A.Two classes of bounds for the q-gamma and the q-digamma functions in terms of the q-zeta functions.Banach J Math Anal,2014,8(1):109-117

        [22]Salem A.Complete monotonicity properties of functions involving q-gamma and q-digamma functions. Math Inequalities Appl,2014,17(3):801-811

        [23]Sevli H,Batir N.Complete monotonicity results for some functions involving the gamma and polygamma functions.Math Comput Modelling,2011,53:1771-1775

        [24]Wei C,Gu Q.q-generalizations of a family of harmonic number identities.Adv Appl Math,2010,45:24-27

        ?Received April 24,2013.

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