Ai-cheng ZOU, Qun-ying WANG

(Guilin University of Aerospace Technology, Guilin 541004, China)

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Research on fuzzy control technology of DC motor in height automatic adjusting system of CNC cutting machine

Ai-cheng ZOU*, Qun-ying WANG

(Guilin University of Aerospace Technology, Guilin 541004, China)

Motor control technology is the key factor for height automatic adjusting system of CNC cutting machine. In this paper, one DC motor control technologyis put forward based on the fuzzy control technology and PWM control technology, and the fuzzy controller is designed as well. Experimental results show that the control accuracy and sensitivity of height automatic adjusting system will be improved by using the fuzzy control technology and PWM control technology.

PWM, Fuzzy control, Height automatic adjustment system

1 Introduction

In order to improve the cutting quality and reduce waste generation, it needs to keep the height between cutting torch of CNC cutting machine and the material to be processed on the setting value during the cutting process. Height automatic adjusting system (HAAS) is the key component of CNC cutting machine to realize this function. The control effect of DC motor has direct impact on the accuracy and sensitivity of HAAS. In this paper, one DC motor control technology is put forward based on the fuzzy control technology and PWM control technology, and the fuzzy controller is designedas well in order to effectively improve the control accuracy and sensitivity of HAAS.

2 Control scheme of HAAS

The driving system of HAAS adopts “H-Bridge” and “Bipolar reversible PWM”, which is shown in Fig.1. The “H-Bridge” compose of triodes (V1-V4) and diodes (D1-D4). The MCU analogs the output of PWM, and controls the conduction and cutoff of triodes (V1-V4) in use of the photoelectric coupler. Divided triodes (V1-V4) into two groups, V1 and V4 as one group, V2 and V3 as another group. The two triodes in one group will conduct or cutoff at the same time. The timing diagram of U1 and U2 is shown in Fig.2.

In each cycle of the PWM, the triode V1 and V4 are conducting state, V2 and V3 are cutoff state, when the control signal U1 is high voltage and U2 is low voltage. The armature winding of DC motor will under positive voltage from A to B. The triode V1 and V4 are in cutoff state, V2 and V3 are in conducting state, when the control signal U1 is low voltage and U2 is high voltage. The armature winding of DC motor will under reverse voltage from B to A. The average voltage could be determined as follows:

From the average voltage calculation formula, it is clear that the speed of DC motor is decided byα. The DC motor reversal will reach to the maximum speed whenαis equal to zero. The DC motor is transferred with the maximum speed whenαis equal to 1. The DC motor will stop whenαis equal to 1/2.

Fig. 1 Driving system of DC motor

Fig. 2 Timing diagram of U1- U2

3 Fuzzy controller

3.1 Fuzzy control scheme

The following scheme can effectively improve the problems of slow response and low accuracy of HAAS. When adjust the moving speed (V) of the cutting torch dynamically according to the real-time height value (dx) between cutting torch and the material to be processed, the torch will move quickly if the difference between dx and d is large, otherwise, the torch will move slowly. In this way, it can not only adjust the height quickly, but also reduce the error caused by the inertia of the motor at maximum extent. According to this, fuzzy control scheme of DC motor could be designed as shown in Fig.3.

Fig.3 Scheme of fuzzy control

Detect the height value (dx) between cutting torch and the material to be processed in real time, and compare with the initial set value (d). The pitch deviation (e) and the deviation change rate (ec) could be obtained. Converteandecfrom basic domain to the quantification domain, that is to say, multiplyebyKe,andecbyKec. According to the input membership function to calculate the membership degree (EandEC) of each input variable of the fuzzy sets. And then one can get the output fuzzy quantitative value and the actual control value of the PWM.

3.2 Fuzzy process the variables

Fuzzy process the variables are as follows:

1) Pitch deviation (e)

Quantification domain:{-6，-5，-4，-3，-2，-1， 0， 1， 2， 3， 4， 5， 6};

Fuzzy set:{NB，NM，NS，ZO，PS，PM，PB}.

2) Deviation change rate (ec)

Basic domain: initially set pitch of -1% - 1%;

Quantification domain:{-6，-5，-4，-3，-2，-1， 0， 1， 2， 3， 4， 5， 6};

Fuzzy set:{NB，NM，NS，ZO，PS，PM，PB}.

3) Duty ratio (α)

Basic domain: initially set pitch of -0.25 -0.25;

Quantification domain:{-6，-5，-4，-3，-2，-1， 0， 1， 2， 3， 4， 5， 6};

Fuzzy set:{NB，NM，NS，ZO，PS，PM，PB}.

The membership function of the variable is made of triangular distribution. The initial set value (d) is decided by the control requirements. Give the initial valueαas 3/4 when the DC motor is in transferring state. Give the initial valueαas 1/4 when the motor is in reversal state.

3.3 Fuzzy rule table

The fuzzy rule table is the key to the fuzzy controller. Summary the fuzzy control rules according to experience, and establish the fuzzy rules table as shown in Table 1.

Whenα<1/2, the analysis method is similar toα≧1/2.

According to Table 1:

WhenEis NB andECis NB, the deviation has a tendency to increase. In order to eliminate the negative large deviation and inhibition the deviation increasing further as soon as possible, the speed of DC motor should be given as PB. When the deviation change rate is PB, the speed of DC motor should reduce. Otherwise, it will cause bigovershoot.

WhenEis NS, the system is close to the steady state. IfECis NS, the speed of DC motor should be given as PS to suppress the bias change towards negative direction. If the deviation change rate is positive, the system has the trend to eliminate the deviation, the speed of DC motor should be given as NS.

Table 1 Fuzzy rule

α≥1/2ENBNMNSZOPSPMPBECNBPBPBPMPMPSPSZONMPBPMPMPSPSZONSNSPMPMPSPSZONSNSZOPMPSPSZONSNSNMPSPSPSZONSNSNMNMPMPSZONSNSNMNMNBPBZONSNSNMNMNBNBα<1/2ENBNMNSZOPSPMPBECNBNBNBNMNMNSNSZONMNBNMNMNSNSZOPSNSNMNMNSNSZOPSPSZONMNSNSZOPSPSPMPSNSNSZOPSPSPMPMPMNSZOPSPSPMPMPBPBZOPSPSPMPMPBPB

4 Test analysis

According to the fuzzy control, HAAS is designed and the corresponding experiments are carried out and the test results are shown in Table 2. In this table,Eis the difference betweendxandd,Tis time used by HAAS fromdxtod,Pis precision of the system.

Table 2 Test result

E/mmWithouttheuseoffuzzycontrolT/SP/mmUsefuzzycontrolT/SP/mm<5<1.5<±0.3<0.5<±0.1<10<1.5<±0.3<0.5<±0.1<15<1.5<±0.3<0.5<±0.1<20<2.0<±0.3<0.8<±0.2<30<2.0<±0.3<0.8<±0.3<40<3.0<±0.8<1.0<±0.4<50<3.0<±1.0<1.0<±0.5>50<3.0>2.01.0>0.5

CompareTandPin the columns “Without the use of fuzzy control” and “Use fuzzy control”. It is clear that both theTandPin case of using fuzzy control are lower than those cases without using fuzzy control. Therefore, HAAS has higher precision in case of using fuzzy control, and it could meet the requirements better.

Acknowledgements

This paper is supported by the Guangxi Education Department Fundation (No.2013YB274) and the Guilin University of Aerospace Technology Fundation (No. YJ1047).

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摘要：在FMS物流系統(tǒng)的實時調(diào)度優(yōu)化方面，主要是針對AGV運輸展開的調(diào)度研究。簡要介紹了兩種形式的AGV調(diào)度策略：基于遺傳算法(GA)的AGV調(diào)度、基于粒子群算法(PSO)的AGV調(diào)度；將模型及調(diào)度優(yōu)化思想以具體的實例進行驗證，以已開發(fā)出的仿真程序為基礎(chǔ)，在其中融入調(diào)度模塊，通過實時運行的假定加工任務(wù)數(shù)據(jù)，證實實時調(diào)度優(yōu)化后系統(tǒng)的任務(wù)完成時間有明顯縮短，提高了整個系統(tǒng)的任務(wù)加工處理效率。

關(guān)鍵詞： 柔性制造系統(tǒng)；實時調(diào)度；遺傳算法；粒子群算法

基于模糊控制技術(shù)的數(shù)控切割機自動調(diào)高器中直流電機控制研究

鄒愛成*, 王群英

桂林航天工業(yè)學(xué)院，桂林541004

電機控制技術(shù)是數(shù)控切割機自動調(diào)高器的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)之一。提出了基于模糊控制技術(shù)和PWM控制技術(shù)的數(shù)控切割自動調(diào)高器的直流電機控制系統(tǒng)方案，設(shè)計了模糊控制器，實驗結(jié)果表明：通過使用模糊控制技術(shù)和PWM控制技術(shù)能明顯提高自動調(diào)高器的控制精度和靈敏度。

PWM；模糊控制；自動調(diào)高器

(Continued from 47 page)

柔性制造系統(tǒng)實時調(diào)度與優(yōu)化研究

徐德凱*，王麗潔，史衛(wèi)朝

西安理工大學(xué) 高等技術(shù)學(xué)院, 西安710082

16 March 2015; revised 29 May 2015;

Ai-cheng ZOU, Ph.D., Lecturer.

E-mail:zouaicheng@guat.edu.cn

10.3969/j.issn.1001-3881.2015.18.009 Document code: A

TM934.23

accepted 6 June 2015

Hydromechatronics Engineering

http://jdy.qks.cqut.edu.cn

E-mail: jdygcyw@126.com