□ 文/本刊記者 曾睿

8小時(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)圈不斷被鐵路戰(zhàn)略刷新重慶正成為歐亞大陸橋最重要的“中國樞紐”

□ 文/本刊記者 曾睿

以重慶為起點(diǎn)，在陸地上8小時(shí)的高速移動能把我們帶到什么地方？——這是一個(gè)令重慶人非常熟悉的問題，直轄以來重慶交通的大發(fā)展大改善，使得以重慶為起點(diǎn)的小時(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)圈范圍不斷擴(kuò)大，善于捕捉變化的媒體自然也不時(shí)地拋出這樣的話題，引起人們對重慶不斷擴(kuò)大的開放程度的理解。但是，本文想告訴大家的是，這個(gè)問題的答案過去可能是成都、貴陽、黔江、萬州、開縣，今天的答案或許是武漢、西安、昆明、南寧、北海，到了2020年前后，這個(gè)問題的答案就將是北京、天津、泰國曼谷，甚至位于馬六甲海峽的新加坡或者太平洋地區(qū)。

2020　的重慶8　小時(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)圈——“重慶—太平洋”

日前，一條由重慶市發(fā)改委發(fā)布的消息經(jīng)過媒體的傳播，引起重慶社會各界的廣泛關(guān)注。該消息稱：重慶市發(fā)改委發(fā)布消息，渝昆高鐵項(xiàng)目將力爭2016年內(nèi)動工，2020年建成通車之后，坐高鐵從重慶去昆明耗時(shí)縮短至兩小時(shí)左右。而目前，重慶到昆明的火車最快也需要18個(gè)小時(shí)。

就在不久前，鄭渝高鐵（鄭州到重慶客運(yùn)專線）獲得國家批準(zhǔn)將于2019建成的消息，剛在重慶引發(fā)對重慶高鐵交通大發(fā)展的廣泛熱議。據(jù)媒體報(bào)道，鄭渝鐵路，又名鄭渝高鐵，是中國鐵路網(wǎng)中長期規(guī)劃的重要客運(yùn)專線，也是北京至昆明客運(yùn)專線的重要組成部分，設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)速350Km/h，是聯(lián)系鄭州等中原地區(qū)和重慶等西南地區(qū)的主要客運(yùn)快速通道，也是北京打造8小時(shí)交通圈的基礎(chǔ)，對促進(jìn)鄭州、重慶兩地及沿線地區(qū)社會經(jīng)濟(jì)方面都有重要的意義：全長1028公里的鄭渝高鐵建成后，按照350公里/小時(shí)的設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)速，4個(gè)小時(shí)就可實(shí)現(xiàn)從重慶到鄭州，如果在鄭州再通過多條已經(jīng)建成的進(jìn)京高鐵線路。

理論上，6個(gè)半小時(shí)就可以完成重慶到首都北京的高鐵之旅。有商務(wù)人士開玩笑說，如果只考慮到機(jī)場的交通時(shí)間，還不考慮航班延誤、晚點(diǎn)等因素，這個(gè)時(shí)間已經(jīng)基本和從重慶乘飛機(jī)去北京的時(shí)間相當(dāng)了。更為重要的是，鄭渝高鐵開通后，從長江黃金水道在三峽庫區(qū)最大的港口萬州港所在地重慶萬州到重慶只需要兩個(gè)小時(shí)，而從重慶萬州到鄭州、北京所需時(shí)間分別縮短為兩個(gè)半小時(shí)和4個(gè)半小時(shí)，在長江中上游的長江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶地區(qū)，有了直接連通華北、京津冀乃至環(huán)渤海出?？诘年懮峡焖偻ǖ?。

來自鐵路的好消息還沒有結(jié)束：9月30日，中國和老撾相關(guān)部門共同對外宣布：由中國云南省省會昆明經(jīng)老撾著名旅游勝地瑯勃拉邦至老撾首都萬象，全程長417公里的中老鐵路，將于今年11月開工建設(shè)；10月下旬，已進(jìn)行多輪談判的中泰鐵路合作項(xiàng)目傳出新消息：10月28日至29日，雙方將在中泰鐵路合作聯(lián)合委員會第八次會議上簽署兩國政府間鐵路合作框架協(xié)議。按中國駐泰大使寧賦魁的說法，協(xié)議簽署后，雙方將抓緊實(shí)現(xiàn)年內(nèi)開工建設(shè)的目標(biāo)。中鐵建東南亞公司總經(jīng)理朱錫均對外透露：中泰鐵路合作將給泰國經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展帶來實(shí)惠。中泰鐵路建成運(yùn)營之后，從昆明到曼谷的往返鐵路票價(jià)約每人3600泰銖（約合700元人民幣），相當(dāng)于飛機(jī)票價(jià)的一半或1/3，貨運(yùn)費(fèi)用相當(dāng)于航空費(fèi)用的1/9。每年或?qū)樘﹪黾?00萬中國游客，為泰國農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口進(jìn)一步提供便利，使泰國成為東盟的交通樞紐。

按照此前多次公開報(bào)道透露出的信息，未來乘火車從昆明到曼谷最快將需要5小時(shí)24分鐘，如果以此計(jì)算，重慶直接開通到曼谷的國際客貨班列應(yīng)該在8個(gè)小時(shí)左右就可以從中國腹地長江之濱的山城重慶到達(dá)太平洋沿岸的泰國曼谷。

記者觀察發(fā)現(xiàn)，無論是鄭渝高鐵、渝昆高鐵、中老鐵路還是中泰鐵路，無論是已開工的還是即將開工的，按照目前公開的施工進(jìn)度介紹，最終的完工開通時(shí)間都在2020年前后。也就是說，在2020年前后，從重慶出發(fā)的火車旅行，無論是人員還是貨物運(yùn)輸，重慶陸上交通的8小時(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)圈，最遠(yuǎn)將能夠達(dá)到渤海之濱或?qū)儆谔窖蟪龊？诘奶﹪取?/p>

“一江兩翼三洋” 陸上大通道雛形初顯

所謂的“一江兩翼三洋”國際大通道即是：通過長江連接太平洋；沿渝蘭鐵路，由新疆阿拉山口出境、經(jīng)哈薩克斯坦——俄羅斯——白俄羅斯——波蘭——德國——鹿特丹港連接大西洋；沿渝黔鐵路，由貴陽——昆明——大理——瑞麗出境，經(jīng)緬甸中部城市曼德勒——實(shí)兌港連接印度洋。在一系列的國內(nèi)高鐵項(xiàng)目和國際鐵路建設(shè)合作項(xiàng)目落實(shí)啟動以后，憑借著已經(jīng)擁有的“渝新歐”中歐鐵路大通道和長江黃金水道，重慶“一江兩翼三洋”陸上大通道雛形初顯。

據(jù)了解，重慶到昆明的鐵路，屬于國家“一帶一路”規(guī)劃（《推動共建絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶和21世紀(jì)海上絲綢之路的愿景與行動》）的一部分。上述愿景指出，下一步要發(fā)揮云南區(qū)位優(yōu)勢，推進(jìn)與周邊國家的國際運(yùn)輸通道建設(shè)，打造大湄公河次區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)合作新高地，建設(shè)成為面向南亞、東南亞的輻射中心。云南省社科院區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)研究所副所長穆文春在接受媒體采訪時(shí)指出，如果重慶到昆明，以及西寧到成都的鐵路建成后，絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶與長江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶之間將有通道，以后從中國北部、東部、西部等地，都可以到達(dá)云南，再往南到印度洋。而重慶到昆明，成都到西寧鐵路建成后，有望成為國家“一帶一路”新通道的一部分。

作為西部惟一的直轄市，成為內(nèi)陸開放高地一直是重慶的夢想?！秾?shí)施意見》提出，重慶打造國際物流大通道戰(zhàn)略，重點(diǎn)是通過“一江、兩翼”達(dá)到“三洋”：“一江”即通過長江通達(dá)太平洋；“西北翼”即通過渝蘭鐵路、由新疆阿拉山口出境、經(jīng)哈薩克斯坦——俄羅斯——白俄羅斯——波蘭——德國——鹿特丹港通達(dá)大西洋；“西南翼”通過渝黔鐵路、由貴陽——昆明——大理——瑞麗出境、經(jīng)緬甸中部城市曼德烈——石兌港通達(dá)印度洋和中東地區(qū)。按照目前的實(shí)際進(jìn)展，雖然通過緬甸進(jìn)入印度洋的中緬鐵路尚未聽說有重大消息發(fā)布，但其余方向都發(fā)展順利，已開通運(yùn)行多年的渝新歐更是目前運(yùn)營狀況最好的一條中歐陸上大通道，重慶“一江兩翼三洋”陸上對外大通道已雛形初顯。

有專家甚至指出，鐵路戰(zhàn)略使重慶正在成為歐亞大陸橋最重要的“中國樞紐”。

Starting from Chongqing， how far can we get within 8 hours of high-speed traveling on land？ —This is not a question strange to many Chongqing people. The great changes and development in Chongqing's transportation system have witnessed the expansion of its economic circle since it became a municipality directly under the Central Government. Naturally， such topics are touted from time to time by the media sensitive to changes， making the increasingly open pattern understandable for people in Chongqing. But， what this report tries to share with you is that yesterday the answer was Chengdu， Guiyang， Qianjiang， Wanzhou， Kaixian， today it may be Wuhan， Xi'an， Kunming， Nanning， Beihai while in the future around 2020 it will be Beijing， Tianjin， Bangkok even Singapore，Malacca and the Pacifi c.

The 8 hours economic circle in 2020——“ Chongqing to the Pacifi c”

Recently， a piece of news from the Chongqing Development and Reform Commission （CDRC） amplified by the media has aroused wide concern from all walks of the community. It was said that the CDRC announced that the Chongqing-Kunming high-speed rail project， with all efforts，would be started in 2016. And it will be open for traffic if completed in 2020. By then the hours spent on the trip from Chongqing to Kunming will be shortened from 18——if one takes the fastest train——to just about 2.

More recently， the news that the Zhengzhou-Chongqing High-speed Railway （a passenger-dedicated railway line）approved by the state will be completed in 2019 has aroused a heated discussion on the large-scale development of Chongqing high-speed rail. According to the news report，Zhengzhou-Chongqing railway （Zhengzhou- Chongqing passenger-dedicated railway line）， also known as Zhengzhou-Chongqing High-speed Railway （ZCHR）， with a designed speed of 350Km/h， is a crucial passenger dedicated railway line in the long-term for China's railway network development， a vital section of Beijing-Kunming railway， a main rapid passenger transport channel that connect regions in central China and southwest China as well as a foundation for Beijing's 8 hours circle of transportation. ZCHR is of great signifi cance to promote economic development of Zhengzhou，Chongqing and other cities along the railroad： once completed，the 1028-kilometer ZCHR will make it possible for people in Chongqing to arrive in Zhengzhou within 4 hours at a designed speed of 350 kilometers per hour.

Theoretically， it will only take 6.5 hours from Chongqing to Beijing if one transits at Zhengzhou through various highspeed railway lines to Beijing. Some businessmen joked that regardless of flight delays and other factors， 6.5 hours is probably the time spent on a flight to Beijing with the land traffi c period to the airport included. More importantly， when it opens for traffi c， it will only take 2 hours from Wanzhou port，the biggest port in Three Gorges on the Yangtze River golden waterway， to the downtown area of Chongqing. By then the time spent on the way from Wanzhou to Zhengzhou and Beijing will be cut down to 2.5 hours and 4.5 hours respectively and there will emerge on the Yangtze River Economic Belt of middle and upper Yangtze River an express channel that connects North China， Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and even ports on the Bohai Bay.

The good news about China's railway development is not over yet. On Sep. 30th， the related departments in both China and Laos made a joint announcement that the China-Laos railway will soon be constructed in November this year. With a total length of 417likomenters， the railway starts from Kunming， the capital of Yunnan Province， via the famous tourist resort Luang Prabang to the capital of Laos—Vientiane. In late October， the latest news about the China-Thailand railway project fi nally came out. After many rounds of negotiation， both parties will sign “The China-Thailand Railway Cooperation Frame Agreement” on the 8th session of China-Thailand Joint Cooperative Committee from October 28th to 29th.According to Ning Fukui， Chinese ambassador to Thailand，both sides will strive to start the construction within this year. Zhu Xijun， general manager of the China Railway Construction Corporation in Southeast Asia， said that the cooperation between two countries will bring about more benefits for Thai economic and social development. By the time when he railway is operation， the round-trip fee from Kunming to Bangkok will be about 3600 Thai Baht（ approximately ￥700 ），only 1/2 or 1/3 of that of the air ticket， and the rail freight charge will be only 1/9 of that of the air freight. Each year， it will transfer an increased number of about 2 million Chinese tourists to Thailand and provide further convenience for the export of Thai agricultural products， making Thailand a transportation hub in ASEAN.

According to the message disclosed before， the shortest ime from Kunming to Bangkok in the future will be only 5 hours and 24 minutes. And by analogy， it will take about just 8 hours rom Chongqing， a China's inland city located on the bank of he Yangtze River， to the coastal city Bangkok.

The reporter found that whether under construction or not， Zhengzhou-Chongqing high-speed railway， Chongqing-Kunming high-speed railway， China-Laos railroad and China-Thailand railroad will be completed around 2020 according to he published construction schedule. That is to say， around the year of 2020， the trains running from Chongqing for freight or passenger transportation can reach as far as the Bohai Sea coast or Bangkok， a port of the Pacifi c within 8 hours.

“One River， two wings and three oceans” pattern——a great channel on land begins to take its shape

The so-called “one River， two wings and three oceans”pattern refers to international transport routes that link China with the Pacifi c via the Yangtze River， with the Atlantic via the Alashankou port in Xinjiang， Kazakhstan， Russia， Belarus， Poland， Germany， and the Port of Rotterdam， and with the Indian Ocean via Chongqing-Guizhou Railway， Guiyang，Kunming， Dali， Ruili and Mandalay， a city in central Burma. After the implementation of a series of projects on international railway cooperative construction and domestic railway construction， the transport routes have taken its primary shape based on the Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe Railway， and the Yangtze River Waterway in Chongqing.

Reportedly， the Chongqing-Kunming Railway line is part of the “Belt and Road” Initiative （Vision and Actions on Jointly Building Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road）. According to the vision， we should make good use of the geographic advantage of Yunnan Province， advance the construction of an international transport corridor connecting China with neighboring countries， develop a new highlight of economic cooperation in the Greater Mekong Sub-region， and make the region a pivot of China's opening-up to South and Southeast Asia. Mu Wenchun， deputy director of the Regional Economic Research Institute， Yunan Academy of Social Science， said in an interview that after the completion of the railway running from Chongqing to Kunming as well as that from Xining to Chengdu， there will emerge a channel linking the Silk Road Economic Belt and the Yangtze River Economic Belt. By then， all the regions in the north， south and east part of China will have their connection with Yunan Province， and further south with the Indian Ocean. And the two lines will hopefully be parts of the new national channel of the “Belt and Road”.

As the only municipality under the central government，Chongqing has always been pursuing the dream of becoming an open highland in China's inland. According to the “Suggestions on Implementation”， Chongqing will focus on its international logistics channel strategy， reaching the“three oceans” through “one river and two wings”. “One river”means to reach the Pacific via the Yangtze River. And the“northeast wing” indicates that Chongqing will link the Pacifi c via Chongqing-Lanzhou Raiway， the Alashankou port in Xinjiang， Kazakhstan， Russia， Belarus， Poland， Germany， and the Port of Rotterdam. The “southwest wing” means Chongqing will connect with the Indian Ocean via Chongqing-Guizhou Railway， Guiyang， Kunming， Dali， Ruili and Mandalay， a city in central Burma and Sittwe Port to the Middle East. In fact，although there is no latest big news about the construction of Yunnan-Burma Railway， many projects are being well carried out. The already opened Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe Railway is now one of the well-operated China-Europe land channels and “One River， two wings and three oceans” transport routes pattern has already taken primary shape.

Some experts even pointed out that Chongqing is on the rise to become the most important “Chinese hub” on the Eurasian Continental Bridge.

The 8-hour economic circle been constantly refreshed in the strategy of railway development Is Chongqing on the Rise to be the Most Important “Chinese Hub” on the Eurasian Continental Bridge

□ Written by Zeng Rui