文/陰秀文
風(fēng)景普查,拾起城市散落的記憶
A General Survey of Landscape, Evoking the Scattered Memories
文/陰秀文
曾經(jīng),諸多榮譽加于濟南?!皣覛v史文化名城”“最中國旅游城市”……這一切的根基源于濟南是一座“多景”的城市。這里有甲于天下的泉水、有層巒起伏的青山、有傳承歷史的古跡、有大自然鬼斧神工的遺跡……這些風(fēng)景有歷史、有文化、有自然。然而,在加快生態(tài)園林城市創(chuàng)建的今天,一場對全市風(fēng)景名勝資源的全面普查在濟南拉開帷幕,而這浩瀚的風(fēng)景名勝資源便是這座城市記憶的承載者。
濟南風(fēng)景名勝資源眾多,而又彌足珍貴,這是一座城的福氣,這也彰顯著風(fēng)景名勝資源保護工作至關(guān)重要且任重而道遠。
有人說:風(fēng)景名勝資源是大自然和前人留下的珍貴的、不可再生的自然文化遺產(chǎn)。2014年初,為摸清濟南風(fēng)景名勝資源現(xiàn)狀,加大對風(fēng)景名勝資源的保護力度,構(gòu)建空間布局合理、等級層次分明、地域特色明顯的風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)體系結(jié)構(gòu),濟南市城市園林綠化局牽頭對全市的風(fēng)景名勝資源進行了全面深入的調(diào)查。
圖/位安東
城市有記憶。從打井筑城的胚胎、到篳路藍縷的童年,從興盛發(fā)展的青年到日漸成熟的今天,這個曲折而又豐富多彩的過程全都默默地記憶在它巨大的城市肌體里。而開展風(fēng)景名勝資源普查是將這些資源重新梳理,加以保護,將這些散落在城市各個角落的記憶肌理重新拾起、激活。
2014年,濟南市風(fēng)景名勝資源普查工作拉開序幕。這一舉措為加快全國生態(tài)文明城市的創(chuàng)建起到了重要的推動作用。
圖/林志輝
據(jù)了解,此次普查濟南市城市園林綠化局抽調(diào)多位責(zé)任心強、具備一定專業(yè)能力的技術(shù)骨干組成普查工作組,并配備所需的普查設(shè)備。普查范圍主要集中在市域范圍內(nèi)的,且具有觀賞、文化、科學(xué)價值的自然景觀、人文景觀。其中,自然景觀重點包括天景天象、地質(zhì)地貌、水文景物、動物植物等由自然現(xiàn)象和物質(zhì)所組成的景點、景物;人文景觀則包含文化古跡、園景建筑、民俗風(fēng)物等由人工或人工活動所形成的景點、景物。
“普查采用資料調(diào)查與現(xiàn)場踏勘相結(jié)合、歷史檔案與口碑旁證相結(jié)合的方法,在全面收集各區(qū)域相關(guān)資料的基礎(chǔ)上,進行野外實地踏勘,通過訪問座談等方式逐區(qū)域進行普查,普查范圍之廣、覆蓋率之高尚屬首次?!眳⑴c此次普查的濟南市城市園林綠化局相關(guān)工作人員介紹。
此次景源普查,各縣區(qū)的積極配合對普查工作起到了極大的促進作用。他們通過調(diào)集相關(guān)資料、查閱地方志書、訪問鄉(xiāng)土民情、專家咨詢等方式收集管轄范圍內(nèi)的風(fēng)景名勝資源資料,初步確定風(fēng)景名勝資源普查的對象、位置、數(shù)量、資源價值,在此基礎(chǔ)上進行實地踏勘。同時,此次普查中,普查人員將具有重要價值、地域代表性、面臨嚴(yán)重威脅或相對集中的風(fēng)景名勝資源列為普查重點。
不僅如此,為了摸清濟南市風(fēng)景名勝資源的家底,濟南市城市園林綠化局開展了一系列的調(diào)研,通過對普查資料的反復(fù)審核,逐步摸清了濟南風(fēng)景名勝資源的分布、數(shù)量、登記等情況,并深入研究其價值及保護現(xiàn)狀。目前,已普查風(fēng)景名勝資源1200余處,并在加強分析鑒定的基礎(chǔ)上,逐個登記建冊,初步實現(xiàn)了風(fēng)景名勝資源保護的統(tǒng)籌歸口。
景源普查工作歷時1年,普查景源達1200余處,普查成果之顯著,影響力之大,不僅在濟南史上尚屬首次,更為濟南市推進全國生態(tài)園林城市建設(shè)鼓足了底氣。
普查結(jié)束后,對景源的保護與管理則是擺在濟南市城市園林綠化局面前的又一大事。
通過對普查結(jié)果的反復(fù)審核后,濟南市城市園林綠化局決定由風(fēng)景名勝資源普查工作辦公室委托專業(yè)機構(gòu),構(gòu)建濟南市風(fēng)景名勝資源數(shù)字信息管理平臺。同時,普查小組通過分析現(xiàn)有風(fēng)景名勝資源,并將普查結(jié)果系統(tǒng)梳理,對景源分門別類。針對普查后的景源,搜集大量圖片及文字史料,反復(fù)審核,并以圖文并貌的形式編輯成冊,編制《濟南市風(fēng)景名勝資源匯編》,以便于人們查閱及保護利用,這也成為濟南園林史上一次史無前例的景源普查匯編。
有山有水,有自然有文韻,濟南這座城市堪稱人杰地靈。這是大自然的天然雕飾不吝垂青使然,這是大自然獨特的地質(zhì)使然,這是時空滄海桑田的積累使然,這是歷代人勤勞的雙手雕琢使然。
濟南風(fēng)景名勝資源眾多。這是濟南的福氣,也是濟南獨特的魅力。不論是四面八方的來客,還是久居于此的濟南人,都應(yīng)該深入其中了解她們、感受她們、品味她們。
濟南不僅有中古的老城,有睡著了的大城樓,還有環(huán)繞的青山,汩汩的泉水。老舍先生筆下曾寫道:在這座城里,那城,那河,那古路,那山影,是終年給你預(yù)備著的。設(shè)若你幻想不出這么個境界,那請到濟南來看看吧。
Jinan is a city which makes you hesitate to leave once you come to it. A multitude of beautiful scenery redounded honors upon it such as“national famous historical and cultural city”, “city with the most lauded traits of China” and so forth. The unparalleled beauty of springs, spectacular view of rolling peaks, monuments shouldering the weight of history and extraordinary masterpieces of nature piece out the landscape features of the city, backgrounded by the heritages of history, culture and nature. For the work of quickening the ecological garden city construction, a general survey of scenic resources has begun in a sweeping way in Jinan.
Landscape resources are the precious and unrenewable bequests of nature and human. The investigation, as a decision made to implement the conclusions of the 18th CPC National Congress, is carried out to tease out the resources for conservation, in coincidence with the core task of “forging the four centers and building a modern city ”.
The survey focused mostly on the natural and human landscapes within the city limits which have ornamental, cultural and scientifc merits. The natural landscape refers to scenic spots composed of various substances and phenomena in nature, for instance, weather and astronomical phenomena, geological features, hydrographic scenery, plants and animals. The cultural landscape includes cultural relics, garden constructions and folk sights that invoked manual works or human activities. Through the combination of desk research and site exploration, historical archives and positive word of mouth, the survey, for the frst time in history, has been allocated in a tremendously extensive range and wide scope by employing feld reconnaissance, interviews and discussions throughout the designated regions.
The survey took a year to complete, which involved a working group with the technical backbones of strong responsibility and professional capacity and the necessary equipments. The work has scored remarkable achievements, which based on the rigorous checks over the investigation data of the 1,200 scenic spots.
On this basis, an information management platform for the city’s landscape resources was created by a specialist agency upon the request of Jinan Municipal Bureau of Landscape and Forestry and the Offce of Scenic Resources Investigation. The working group is now engaged in drawing up the “compilation of the scenery resources of Jinan city” by analyzing, sorting and examining the survey results in hand. This compilation as a dictionary of the over 1,200 scenery resources will beneft further protection and utilization.