楊定生
請(qǐng)看下題:
The scientist does not study nature _____ it is useful to do so. He studies it because he takes pleasure in it.
A. until B. though C. because D. unless
該題答案為C。本題似乎簡(jiǎn)單,但不少同學(xué)感到束手無(wú)策。
其實(shí),解決該題的關(guān)鍵是對(duì)該題句意的正確理解。句意為:這位科學(xué)家研究自然不是因?yàn)檫@樣做有用,他研究它是因?yàn)樗麖闹畜w會(huì)到了樂(lè)趣。
這是一個(gè)not ... because句型。我們對(duì)該句型的正確理解,應(yīng)基于否定詞not是對(duì)because從句的否定。
又如:I was not kind to him because he was poor. 我不是因?yàn)樗毟F才對(duì)他友善的。
I didnt take a raincoat because it was raining.我不是因?yàn)橄掠瓴艓в暌碌摹?/p>
注意,若句型是“not...,because...”,則意思就大不一樣了。
如:I was not kind to him,because he was rude. 我對(duì)他不友善,因?yàn)樗麩o(wú)禮。
這種not置于主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞部分,實(shí)則是對(duì)狀語(yǔ)從句的否定的這種“聲東擊西”的做法,常稱之為“否定的轉(zhuǎn)移”。
其實(shí),對(duì)“否定的轉(zhuǎn)移”,我們并不陌生,還曾多次見過(guò)。
1. 將賓語(yǔ)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移到主句部分:在主語(yǔ)是第一人稱,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為think, believe, suppose,imagine等,且在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句中,賓語(yǔ)從句中的否定形式常須轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中。如:
Im sorry,but I dont think I know you.對(duì)不起,我想我并不認(rèn)識(shí)你。
I dont believe hell come,will he? 我想他不會(huì)來(lái)的,是吧?
2. 在“表示感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞(seem,appear,look,feel,sound等)+ 表語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中,從句的否定詞常轉(zhuǎn)移到這些動(dòng)詞的前面。如:
Jack doesnt seem to like you.(= Jack seems not to like you.)杰克看來(lái)不喜歡你。
He doesnt appear to be satisfied. 他似乎不滿意。
It doesnt seem that they know where to go. 看來(lái)他們不知道去哪里。
It doesnt sound as if he knew what had happened. 聽起來(lái)他好像不知道剛才所發(fā)生的事。
3. 有時(shí)狀語(yǔ)(副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式等)或狀語(yǔ)從句中的否定詞可以轉(zhuǎn)移到謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前。如:
The ant is not gathering food for itself alone. 螞蟻不只是為自己采集食物。
I didnt come to Beijing to have holidays. 我到北京來(lái)不是為了度假。
He didnt take the boy from the tracks to safety to win his own fame.他把男孩從鐵軌上抱到安全地帶,不是為了獲得個(gè)人的名譽(yù)。
I didnt buy the book because I was interested in poetry. 我買這本書不是因?yàn)槲覍?duì)詩(shī)歌感興趣。
4. I hope后接否定答語(yǔ)時(shí)。如:
—You havent lost the ticket,have you?
—I hope not. I know its not easy to get another one at the moment.
——你沒(méi)把票弄丟,是吧?
——我希望沒(méi)有。我知道這個(gè)時(shí)候再去弄一張票不容易。
(責(zé)任編校?筑彭益)