彭艷蓉,王久玲,王 鵬,曾光明,劉 芬,張 玲,黃小明(.湖南大學(xué)環(huán)境科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院,環(huán)境生物與控制教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,湖南 長(zhǎng)沙 4008;.霍尼韋爾綜合科技(中國(guó))有限公司,上海 003)
催化濕式共氧化降解內(nèi)分泌干擾物雙酚A 的研究
彭艷蓉1*,王久玲1,王鵬1,曾光明1,劉芬1,張玲2,黃小明1(1.湖南大學(xué)環(huán)境科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院,環(huán)境生物與控制教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,湖南 長(zhǎng)沙 410082;2.霍尼韋爾綜合科技(中國(guó))有限公司,上海 201203)
以NaNO2為催化劑、2,4,6-三氯苯酚(TCP)為共氧化物質(zhì)對(duì)內(nèi)分泌干擾物雙酚A(BPA)進(jìn)行了催化濕式共氧化(CWCO)降解,研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在NaNO2存在的條件下,TCP的加入極大地促進(jìn)了BPA的降解:在170℃、0.5MPa氧氣壓力條件下反應(yīng)6h后,催化濕式共氧化體系中COD去除率達(dá)到了71.2%,而B(niǎo)PA單獨(dú)氧化降解時(shí),COD去除率僅為24.7%.在此基礎(chǔ)上考察了反應(yīng)溫度、氧氣壓力、反應(yīng)時(shí)間、TCP濃度和NaNO2濃度對(duì)BPA降解效率的影響,篩選出了最優(yōu)反應(yīng)條件(170℃的反應(yīng)溫度、0.5MPa的氧氣壓力、6h的反應(yīng)時(shí)間、0.5mmol/L BPA、0.5mmol/L TCP和0.1mmol/L NaNO2).在優(yōu)化條件下,BPA和TCP去除率分別達(dá)到了100%和96.4%,同時(shí)反應(yīng)后溶液的可生化性大大提高,BOD5/COD值從反應(yīng)前的0.08增加到了0.95.另外,GC-MS結(jié)果表明,BPA和TCP降解的產(chǎn)物主要為小分子有機(jī)酸,分別是乙酸,2-甲基戊二酸,丁二酸,3-甲基己二酸,己三酸以及1-丙烯基-1,2,3-三羧酸.該共氧化技術(shù)為污染水體中BPA和TCP的同時(shí)去除提供了一種可能性.
催化濕式共氧化;雙酚A;2,4,6-三氯苯酚;亞硝酸鈉;污染水體
雙酚 A(BPA)是一種典型的內(nèi)分泌干擾物(EDCs),廣泛應(yīng)用于聚碳酸酯塑料和環(huán)氧樹(shù)脂的生產(chǎn)[1-2].由于大量生產(chǎn)和廣泛使用,BPA通過(guò)各種途徑進(jìn)入到環(huán)境中,美國(guó)環(huán)境保護(hù)署估計(jì)每年被釋放到環(huán)境中的BPA總量超過(guò) 100萬(wàn)磅[3-4],目前已經(jīng)報(bào)道在水體[5-10]、大氣[11-12]、沉積物和生物體[13]等各種環(huán)境介質(zhì)中都檢測(cè)到了 BPA. BPA具有內(nèi)分泌干擾作用,它能夠通過(guò)與激素受體結(jié)合來(lái)模擬激素的行為,從而影響哺乳動(dòng)物的生殖功能[14-15].近年來(lái),國(guó)內(nèi)外都致力于污染水體中BPA處理方法的研究[16-17].
傳統(tǒng)的生物法由于處理成本低和操作簡(jiǎn)單而被廣泛用于水體中BPA的處理[18],但是生物法處理時(shí)間長(zhǎng),且去除效率不高[19].高級(jí)氧化法由于氧化速度快、處理效率高,已被廣泛用于水體中 BPA的處理,主要包括 Fenton (Fe2+/H2O2)氧化、臭氧氧化、光催化氧化、濕式空氣氧化(WAO)和超聲氧化等[20-37].催化濕式空氣氧化法(CWAO)被認(rèn)為是能夠把污染物降解為易于生物降解的小分子化合物或者直接礦化為 CO2和H2O的最有效、最具有應(yīng)用前景的技術(shù)之一[38-39]. Mezohegyi等[19]和Erjavec等[34,40]分別采用鈦酸鹽納米管為催化劑對(duì)BPA水溶液(10mg/L)進(jìn)行了CWAO處理,在210℃下,BPA去除率均達(dá)到了99%以上.Bistan等[41]發(fā)展了以Ru/TiO2為催化劑的CWAO體系來(lái)對(duì) BPA溶液(20mg/L)進(jìn)行處理,在200℃下,BPA完全被去除,同時(shí)TOC去除了96%以上.由以上可知,CWAO技術(shù)能夠有效地去除水體中的 BPA,但是一般需要較高的反應(yīng)溫度(≥200℃),這將會(huì)嚴(yán)重妨礙CWAO技術(shù)的工業(yè)化應(yīng)用.為了提高 CWAO技術(shù)的實(shí)用性,必須采用合適的方法來(lái)降低反應(yīng)溫度.
催化濕式共氧化法(CWCO)通過(guò)加入一種易于氧化的物質(zhì)來(lái)帶動(dòng)難降解物質(zhì)的氧化,從而在較低的反應(yīng)溫度下實(shí)現(xiàn)難降解物質(zhì)的降解.如在NaNO2催化濕式氧化體系中,加入TCP可以在溫和條件下實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)硝基苯酚(PNP)的高效降解[42].另外,本研究小組[43]發(fā)現(xiàn),在該催化濕式氧化體系中,TCP的加入能夠促進(jìn)垃圾滲濾液中難降解有機(jī)物腐殖質(zhì)的降解.Raffainer等[44]采用FeSO4催化濕式氧化體系對(duì)偶氮染料酸性橙7進(jìn)行降解,當(dāng)加入3,4,5-三羥基苯甲酸(5倍子酸)作共氧化物質(zhì)時(shí),在 160℃和 1.0MPa氧氣壓力條件下反應(yīng) 90min,溶液的 TOC去除率可以達(dá)到70%;而不加5倍子酸時(shí)需要在190℃和1.0MPa氧氣壓力條件下才能達(dá)到同樣的去除效果.同樣地,在150℃和0.5MPa氧氣壓力條件下,加入四氫呋喃作為共氧化物質(zhì)可以加速十溴聯(lián)苯醚的降解[45].以上這些研究結(jié)果說(shuō)明了共氧化物質(zhì)的存在能夠降低催化濕式氧化體系的反應(yīng)溫度,從而在較溫和的條件下實(shí)現(xiàn)難降解物質(zhì)的降解.
考慮到在 NaNO2催化濕式氧化體系中, TCP的加入可以促進(jìn)PNP以及垃圾滲濾液中難降解有機(jī)物腐殖質(zhì)的降解,再加上BPA和TCP在垃圾滲濾液中經(jīng)常被同時(shí)檢測(cè)到[46],所以本研究以TCP作為共氧化物質(zhì),采用NaNO2催化濕式共氧化技術(shù)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn) BPA的氧化降解,旨在達(dá)到同時(shí)去除污染水體如垃圾滲濾液中BPA和TCP的目的.
1.1試劑
BPA,TCP,NaNO2,氯化鈉,無(wú)水硫酸鈉,濃鹽酸,乙醚及其它試劑均為分析純?cè)噭?甲醇(Honeywell Burdick&Jackson,美國(guó))和乙腈(Honeywell Burdick&Jackson,美國(guó))均為HPLC級(jí)試劑.0.2mol/L三甲基氫氧化硫(Me3S+OH-)甲醇溶液購(gòu)自Acros (Tokyo Kasei Kodyo Co., Ltd., Japan).實(shí)驗(yàn)用水為超純水.BPA和TCP的性質(zhì)見(jiàn)表1.
表1 實(shí)驗(yàn)化合物的理化性質(zhì)Table 1 Chemical and physical properties of chemicals in the experiments
1.2實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置與儀器
實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置由 4 部分組成:高壓反應(yīng)釜(大連旅順偉達(dá)分析儀器部件廠)、電加熱套、PID 溫控儀(廈門宇光電子技術(shù)有限公司)和磁力攪拌器(鞏義市英峪予華儀器廠).釜體和釜蓋之間采用四氟墊圈進(jìn)行良好的密封.釜體內(nèi)放入一個(gè)下端封口的玻璃襯套作為反應(yīng)容器,有效容積約為50mL.
HPLC分析在Agilent 1100series高效液相色譜儀上進(jìn)行,包括真空脫氣機(jī)、四元泵、柱溫箱和 VWD檢測(cè)器,Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18色譜柱(250mm×4.6mm×5μm).GC-MS分析在氣相色譜-質(zhì)譜聯(lián)用儀(日本島津 GCMSQP2010/Plus)上進(jìn)行,色譜柱采用 DB-5MS (30m×0.25mm×0.25μm).MS-3型微波消解COD測(cè)定儀(環(huán)境保護(hù)部華南環(huán)境科學(xué)研究所)用來(lái)測(cè)定溶液的化學(xué)耗氧量(COD).PHS-2F型pH計(jì)(上海精密科學(xué)儀器有限公司雷磁儀器廠)用來(lái)測(cè)定溶液的pH值.
1.3實(shí)驗(yàn)方法
向帶有玻璃襯套的反應(yīng)釜中分別加入10mL 1mmol/L BPA溶液和10mL 1mmol/L TCP溶液,這樣混合溶液中 BPA和 TCP的初始濃度均為0.5mmol/L,然后加入一定量的 NaNO2作為催化劑,放入磁子,接著密封反應(yīng)釜,向反應(yīng)釜中充入0.5MPa的氧氣,最后加熱到設(shè)定的溫度進(jìn)行反應(yīng),溫度由PID控制,同時(shí)進(jìn)行磁力攪拌,攪拌速度控制在550r/min.反應(yīng)時(shí)間包括加熱時(shí)間,加熱時(shí)間大約為 40min.反應(yīng)結(jié)束后,將反應(yīng)釜放到水浴中冷卻至室溫,緩慢地打開(kāi)出氣閥泄壓,最后打開(kāi)反應(yīng)釜,取樣分析.
1.4分析方法
反應(yīng)前后溶液的 COD采用微波消解滴定法測(cè)定,將COD去除率作為反應(yīng)后去除效果的一種重要指標(biāo)[49].溶液的BOD5值采用稀釋與接種法測(cè)定(HJ 505-2009).反應(yīng)前后溶液中 BPA 和TCP濃度采用HPLC進(jìn)行測(cè)定.流動(dòng)相為甲醇:乙腈:超純水=35:25:40(體積比),流速為1mL/min,柱溫為 30℃,檢測(cè)波長(zhǎng)為 290nm,BPA 和TCP的出峰時(shí)間分別為3.9min和8.4min.采用逐級(jí)稀釋的方法分別配制濃度為 1.0,0.8,0.6, 0.4,0.2mmol/L的BPA溶液,用HPLC測(cè)定其相應(yīng)的峰面積,以峰面積對(duì)濃度作圖,得到 BPA的HPLC標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線,結(jié)果表明峰面積與濃度成線性關(guān)系,線性回歸系數(shù)為 0.995,說(shuō)明在該濃度范圍內(nèi),HPLC可以準(zhǔn)確地測(cè)量 BPA的濃度.用同樣的方法在 0.2~1.6mmol/L的濃度范圍內(nèi)可以得到TCP的HPLC標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線,其線性回歸系數(shù)為0.999.對(duì)于BPA和TCP降解產(chǎn)生的小分子化合物用GC-MS進(jìn)行定性分析.向0.5mmol/LBPA 和0.5mmol/L TCP混合溶液中加入0.1mmol/L NaNO2溶液,在170℃和0.5MPa氧氣壓力條件下反應(yīng) 6h后,冷凍干燥,得到淡黃色的固體,加入6mL 3mol/L的鹽酸,得到pH<2的溶液.然后向溶液中加入氯化鈉至飽和,用乙醚萃取 3次,每次10mL.將所有的乙醚萃取液合并,用無(wú)水硫酸鈉干燥后,旋轉(zhuǎn)蒸發(fā)得到固體,加入1mL甲醇溶解,向該甲醇溶液中加入0.2mL濃度為0.2mol/L的Me3S+OH-甲醇溶液進(jìn)行衍生化,最后進(jìn)行 GCMS分析.以氦氣作為載氣,EI離子源,電子轟擊電壓為 70eV.柱溫程序?yàn)椋?60℃保持 5min,接著以 5℃/min的升溫速率升到 180℃,再以 10℃/ min升到250℃,并保持10min.
2.1預(yù)實(shí)驗(yàn)
圖1 BPA與TCP混合溶液反應(yīng)前(a)與反應(yīng)后(b)的高效液相色譜圖Fig.1 HPLC chromatograms of the mixture of BPA and TCP before (a) and after CWCO(b)
單獨(dú)加熱0.5mmol/L BPA溶液,在170℃和0.5MPa氧氣壓力條件下反應(yīng)6h后,BPA溶液的COD去除率為 24.7%.當(dāng)向 BPA溶液中加入0.1mmol/L NaNO2,在相同條件下,反應(yīng)后溶液的COD去除率為26.1%.以上實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明NaNO2對(duì) BPA的濕式氧化降解沒(méi)有明顯的促進(jìn)作用. 向 0.5mmol/L BPA溶液中加入 0.1mmol/L NaNO2和0.5mmol/L TCP,在170℃和0.5MPa氧氣壓力條件下反應(yīng) 6h后,BPA去除率達(dá)到了100%,同時(shí)TCP去除率為96.4%(圖1),此時(shí)混合溶液的COD和TOC去除率分別達(dá)到了71.2% (356.6mg/L→102.6mg/L)和 67.1%(112.4mg/L→37.0mg/L),這一實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果與預(yù)期相符.
2.2溫度和時(shí)間對(duì)CWCO的影響
溫度是 CWCO法的一個(gè)極其重要的操作參數(shù),本研究在130~170℃的范圍內(nèi)考察了溫度對(duì) BPA催化濕式共氧化降解的影響,其他反應(yīng)條件固定:BPA、TCP和NaNO2濃度分別為0.5, 0.5,0.1mmol/L,氧氣壓力為 0.5MPa.從圖 2(a)和2(b)可以看出,在相同的反應(yīng)時(shí)間內(nèi),隨著反應(yīng)溫度的升高,BPA和TCP去除率均相應(yīng)增加,同時(shí)反應(yīng)后溶液顏色由無(wú)色透明變成了黃色.由HPLC分析可知,在150℃下反應(yīng)6h,BPA可能轉(zhuǎn)變成了有色的中間產(chǎn)物,Mezohegyi等[19]也證實(shí)了這一點(diǎn),他們發(fā)現(xiàn) BPA在濕式氧化降解過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生了多種中間產(chǎn)物,如對(duì)羥基苯乙酮等.另外在臭氧氧化、超聲氧化等氧化降解BPA體系中也檢測(cè)到了多種中間產(chǎn)物如羥基化的BPA、苯醌和對(duì)苯二酚等[23,35].當(dāng)溫度進(jìn)一步增加到170℃時(shí),反應(yīng)后溶液呈無(wú)色透明,說(shuō)明隨著反應(yīng)溫度的升高,有色的中間產(chǎn)物進(jìn)一步被氧化降解,此時(shí)BPA和TCP去除率分別增加到100% 和96.4%.
從圖2(c)可以看出,反應(yīng)后溶液的COD去除率也隨著反應(yīng)溫度的升高而增大.當(dāng)反應(yīng)溫度增加到170℃,反應(yīng)6h后溶液的COD去除率增加到了71.2%,進(jìn)一步延長(zhǎng)反應(yīng)時(shí)間至8h,COD去除率不再有明顯的增加.由以上結(jié)果可以看出,170℃的反應(yīng)溫度和6h的反應(yīng)時(shí)間對(duì)于目前的CWCO體系已經(jīng)足夠.
圖2 溫度和時(shí)間對(duì)CWCO法的影響Fig.2 Effect of temperature and time on the CWCO process
2.3氧氣壓力對(duì)CWCO的影響
氧氣壓力也是催化濕式共氧化降解有機(jī)污染物的重要因素.根據(jù)Henry定律,液相中溶解氧濃度與氣相中氧氣分壓成正比,因此增加氧氣壓力將會(huì)使得液相中溶解氧濃度增加,進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致有機(jī)物更有效的氧化去除[50].為了考察氧氣壓力對(duì)BPA催化濕式共氧化降解的影響,本研究在0.1~0.7MPa的氧氣壓力范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行了BPA的氧化降解,此時(shí)其他條件固定為:BPA、TCP和NaNO2濃度分別為 0.5,0.5,0.1mmol/L,反應(yīng)溫度為170,℃反應(yīng)時(shí)間為6h.從圖3中可以看出,隨著氧氣壓力的增大,BPA、TCP和COD去除率均相應(yīng)增加.當(dāng)氧氣壓力增加到 0.5MPa時(shí),TCP和COD去除率分別增加了 12.7%(83.7%→96.4%)和 11.8%(59.4%→71.2%);當(dāng)氧氣壓力繼續(xù)增加到0.6MPa時(shí),TCP和COD去除率均不再有明顯的增加.以上結(jié)果表明當(dāng)氧氣壓力高于 0.5MPa 時(shí),它對(duì)TCP和COD去除的影響可以忽略,同時(shí)也說(shuō)明了0.5MPa的氧氣壓力對(duì)于目前的催化濕式共氧化體系已經(jīng)足夠.
圖3 氧氣壓力對(duì)CWCO法的影響Fig.3 Effect of oxygen pressure on the CWCO process
2.4TCP濃度對(duì)CWCO的影響
TCP作為共氧化物質(zhì),它的濃度對(duì)于BPA的降解有著顯著的影響.本研究在其他實(shí)驗(yàn)條件保持不變(0.5mmol/L BPA、0.1mmol/L NaNO2、170℃、0.5MPa和 6h)的情況下,在 0.05~0.8mmol/L范圍內(nèi)考察了TCP濃度對(duì)BPA降解效率的影響.從圖 4中可以看出,TCP的加入對(duì)BPA的氧化降解具有很大的促進(jìn)作用.不加TCP的對(duì)照實(shí)驗(yàn)表明BPA去除率可以達(dá)到88.0%,但是溶液的COD去除率僅為26.1%,這可能是由于大部分BPA轉(zhuǎn)變成了中間產(chǎn)物.當(dāng)向該體系中加入0.05mmol/L TCP時(shí),BPA去除率增加到89.7%,同時(shí)反應(yīng)后溶液的 COD去除率達(dá)到了 35.5%. 當(dāng) TCP濃度從 0.05mmol/L增加到 0.5mmol/L 時(shí),BPA去除率達(dá)到了100%,COD去除率增加了35.7%,即從35.5%增加到71.2%.隨著TCP濃度進(jìn)一步增加到0.8mmol/L,COD去除率只有輕微的增加(71.2%→77.4%).這些結(jié)果表明在該催化濕式共氧化體系中,0.5mmol/L可能是TCP的較佳濃度.
2.5NaNO2濃度對(duì)CWCO的影響
圖5 亞硝酸鈉濃度對(duì)CWCO法的影響Fig.5 Effect of NaNO2concentration on the CWCO process
在BPA和TCP濃度分別為0.5,0.5mmol/L,反應(yīng)溫度為170℃,氧氣壓力為0.5MPa和反應(yīng)時(shí)間固定為6h的條件下,在0.05~1.0mmol/L范圍內(nèi)考察了NaNO2濃度對(duì)BPA催化濕式共氧化降解效率的影響.從圖 5中可以看出,當(dāng)加入0.05mmol/L NaNO2時(shí),反應(yīng)后溶液為淡黃色,同時(shí)COD去除率為62.8%.當(dāng)NaNO2濃度增加到0.1mmol/L時(shí),反應(yīng)后溶液為無(wú)色透明,且COD去除率達(dá)到了71.2%.此時(shí)再進(jìn)一步增加NaNO2濃度,反應(yīng)后溶液的 COD去除率有所下降.如當(dāng)NaNO2濃度為1.0mmol/L時(shí),反應(yīng)后溶液呈乳黃色,且 COD去除率下降為 57.8%.基于以上的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果,NaNO2濃度最終確定為0.1mmol/L.
2.6廢水的可生化性
在優(yōu)化條件(0.5mmol/L BPA、0.5mmol/L TCP和0.1mmol/L NaNO2、170℃的反應(yīng)溫度、0.5MPa的氧氣壓力、6h的反應(yīng)時(shí)間)下分別確定了BPA原液、BPA溶液經(jīng)濕式氧化處理后溶液、BPA溶液經(jīng)催化濕式氧化處理后溶液、BPA和TCP混合原液及混合原液經(jīng)催化濕式共氧化處理后溶液的可生化性指數(shù),其中濕式氧化處理不加NaNO2,催化濕式氧化處理加NaNO2.
BPA原液(A)、BPA溶液經(jīng)濕式氧化處理后溶液(B)、BPA溶液經(jīng)催化濕式氧化處理后溶液(C)及BPA與TCP混合原液(D)的BOD5/COD值分別為0.07、0.35、0.33和0.08,而混合原液經(jīng)催化濕式共氧化法處理后(E)的BOD5/COD值達(dá)到了 0.95(圖 6).一般情況下,廢水的可生化性大于0.3就認(rèn)為該廢水可以采用生化法進(jìn)行處理[51].從圖7中可以看出,當(dāng)TCP加入到BPA催化濕式氧化體系中時(shí),反應(yīng)后溶液的可生化性大大增加,BOD5/COD值從 0.33增加到了 0.95.雖然CWCO法處理BPA溶液后COD沒(méi)有達(dá)到100%的去除,但是其降解產(chǎn)物是易于生物降解的,這些降解產(chǎn)物可以通過(guò)生物法進(jìn)一步去除.
圖6 不同樣品在不同實(shí)驗(yàn)條件下的BOD5、COD值及可生化性Fig.6 BOD5, COD and biodegradability indexes of different samples after reaction with different processes
2.7降解產(chǎn)物的鑒定
降解產(chǎn)物中的小分子有機(jī)酸用 GC-MS 進(jìn)行檢測(cè),結(jié)果表明總共可檢測(cè)到6種主要的小分子有機(jī)酸,它們分別為乙酸、2-甲基戊二酸、丁二酸、3-甲基己二酸、己三酸以及 1-丙烯基-1,2,3-三羧酸(表 2),其中乙酸的峰強(qiáng)度最大,說(shuō)明它是降解產(chǎn)物中的主要成分.由以上結(jié)果可以看出,檢測(cè)到的主要降解產(chǎn)物都是可生物降解的小分子有機(jī)酸,這也進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明了BPA溶液經(jīng)過(guò)催化濕式共氧化降解后可生物降解性大大提高.
表2 BPA 和 TCP 催化濕式共氧化降解產(chǎn)物Table 2 Products formed after the CWCO BPA and TCP
2.8反應(yīng)機(jī)理
對(duì)于濕式氧化法來(lái)說(shuō),有機(jī)物質(zhì)的降解與自由基的產(chǎn)生是緊密相關(guān)的[52-53].根據(jù)NaNO2催化濕式共氧化降解PNP和TCP的反應(yīng)機(jī)理[38],TCP 與NaNO2反應(yīng)生成三氯苯酚鈉和亞硝酸(HNO2),接著三氯苯酚鈉鹽被氧氣氧化形成超氧陰離子(O2·─)和三氯苯酚自由基(方程1).HNO2受熱易分解產(chǎn)生NO和NO2(方程2),O2·─與NO反應(yīng)生成過(guò)氧亞硝酸根(ONOO-)(方程 3).在酸性條件下,ONOO-迅速質(zhì)子化為其共軛酸—過(guò)氧亞硝酸(ONOOH,pKa=6.8)(方程4),ONOOH是一種強(qiáng)氧化劑,它能通過(guò)均裂的方式分解產(chǎn)生活性很高的·OH和·NO2(方程5)[54-55],從而引發(fā)了自由基反應(yīng),使BPA和TCP及其中間產(chǎn)物降解.
3.1與濕式氧化體系相比,加入NaNO2和TCP可以促進(jìn)BPA的氧化降解.當(dāng)采用CWCO法處理BPA溶液,在優(yōu)化條件下,只需加入0.1mmol/L NaNO2作催化劑和0.5mmol/L TCP作共氧化物質(zhì)就可使BPA達(dá)到100%的去除,同時(shí)反應(yīng)后溶液的COD去除了71.2%,另外TCP去除率也達(dá)到了96.4%.
3.2在優(yōu)化條件下采用CWCO法處理BPA和TCP的混合原液,反應(yīng)后溶液的BOD5/COD從反應(yīng)前的0.08增加到了0.95,這說(shuō)明反應(yīng)后溶液很容易被生物降解,該CWCO法處理效果好.
3.3GC-MS檢測(cè)結(jié)果表明,BPA和TCP催化濕式共氧化降解的主要產(chǎn)物是小分子有機(jī)酸.
3.4通過(guò)反應(yīng)機(jī)理分析,CWCO法處理BPA的過(guò)程中有自由基的參與.在NaNO2和TCP同時(shí)存在的條件下,生成過(guò)氧亞硝酸,其進(jìn)一步均裂產(chǎn)生的·OH和·NO2參與降解過(guò)程.
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Catalytic wet co-oxidation of endocrine disrupting chemical-bisphenol A.
PENG Yan-rong1*, WANG Jiu-ling1, WANG Peng1, ZENG Guang-ming1, LIU Fen1, ZHANG Ling2, HUANG Xiao-ming1(1.Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China;2.Honeywell Integrated Technology (China) Corporation Limited, Shanghai 201203, China).
China Environmental Science, 2015,35(8):2417~2425
The catalytic wet co-oxidation (CWCO) of bisphenol A (BPA) was conducted with NaNO2as catalyst and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) as co-oxidizing substance, and the results showed that the addition of TCP could significantly promote the degradation of BPA in the presence of NaNO2: when the mixture of BPA and TCP reacted at 170℃ and 0.5MPa oxygen pressure for 6h, the COD removal reached to 71.2%, while the COD removal was only 24.7% after single BPA reacted at the same experimental conditions. On this basis, the effects of reaction temperature, oxygen pressure, reaction time, TCP concentration and NaNO2concentration on the CWCO of BPA were investigated, and the optimum experimental conditions were selected (170℃ of reaction temperature, 0.5 MPa of oxygen pressure, 6h of reaction time, 0.5mmol/L BPA, 0.5mmol/L TCP and 0.1mmol/L NaNO2). Under the optimized conditions, BPA and TCP removal reached 100% and 96.4%, respectively, meanwhile the biodegradability index of the mixture after the CWCO process was significantly improved with the ratio of BOD5/COD increasing from 0.08 of the raw mixture to 0.95. In addition, the main degradation products determined by GC-MS were some small organic acids, including acetic acid, 2-methylglutaric acid, succinic acid, 3-methyladipic acid, propanetricarboxylic acid and 1-propenyl-1, 2, 3-tricarboxylic acid. The co-oxidation technology for BPA and TCP provides a potential application in treatment of polluted waters.
catalytic wet co-oxidation;bisphenol A;2, 4, 6-trichlorophenol;sodium nitrite;polluted water
X703
A
1000-6923(2015)08-2417-09
2015-01-22
國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金青年基金項(xiàng)目(51008121);湖南省自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目((11JJ4041);湖南大學(xué)“青年教師成長(zhǎng)計(jì)劃”項(xiàng)目
* 責(zé)任作者, 講師, pengyr@hnu.edu.cn
彭艷蓉(1979-),女,湖北公安人,講師,博士,主要從事環(huán)境中難降解有機(jī)污染物的高級(jí)氧化降解研究.發(fā)表論文9篇.