姚旭,田忠,劉源
siRNA干擾Gab1表達(dá)對(duì)膽管癌細(xì)胞株HUCCA-1功能的影響及其與PI3K/Akt信號(hào)通路的關(guān)系
姚旭,田忠△,劉源
目的 檢測(cè)下調(diào)Gab1表達(dá)后人膽管癌細(xì)胞株HUCCA-1細(xì)胞功能、PI3KCA及Akt1的蛋白及mRNA表達(dá)水平改變,探討Gab1、PI3KCA及Akt1表達(dá)在膽管癌惡性行為中的作用機(jī)制。方法 Gab1siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染HUCCA-1細(xì)胞,采用qRT-PCR法及Western blot法檢測(cè)轉(zhuǎn)染效率及PI3KCA、Akt1表達(dá)水平,MTT檢測(cè)轉(zhuǎn)染后細(xì)胞增殖變化,流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測(cè)轉(zhuǎn)染后細(xì)胞凋亡變化,Transwell檢測(cè)細(xì)胞遷移及侵襲能力。結(jié)果 Gab1siRNA在HUCCA-1細(xì)胞中的轉(zhuǎn)染效率約為65%~70%,轉(zhuǎn)染效率佳;Gab1siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染HUCCA-1細(xì)胞后,PI3KCA、Akt1的蛋白及mRNA表達(dá)量下調(diào);Gab1siRNA組HUCCA-1細(xì)胞增殖能力在48 h、72 h及96 h均低于siRNA control組和Mock組(P<0.05);Gab1siRNA組的HUCCA-1細(xì)胞凋亡率高于Mock及siRNA control組(P<0.05);Gab1siRNA組HUCCA-1細(xì)胞遷移減少百分比及侵襲能力低于siRNA control組及Mock組(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 Gab1可能通過(guò)激活PI3K/Akt信號(hào)通路表達(dá)促進(jìn)腫瘤細(xì)胞惡性行為,Gab1可作為膽管癌治療新的靶向標(biāo)志物及候選基因。
膽管癌;增殖;凋亡;Gab1;HUCCA-1;PI3K/Akt信號(hào)通路
膽管癌發(fā)病率呈逐年上升趨勢(shì),惡性度高[1],且對(duì)化療及放療均不敏感,手術(shù)切除的5年生存率較低[2]。Gab1是接頭蛋白的一種,與胃癌、結(jié)腸癌、乳腺癌、卵巢癌等惡性腫瘤具有相關(guān)性,其高表達(dá)提示腫瘤預(yù)后不良[3]。PI3K/Akt信號(hào)通路在肝癌、卵巢癌、乳腺癌、肺癌、腎癌等惡性腫瘤的發(fā)生發(fā)展中起重要作用,PI3KCA及Akt1是PI3K/Akt信號(hào)通路中的重要蛋白,且Gab1參與PI3K/Akt通路的激活及惡性行為[4]。Gab1及PI3K/Akt在膽管癌中的表達(dá)情況及該通路在膽管癌中所起到的作用及機(jī)制,目前國(guó)內(nèi)外尚少見相關(guān)研究。本研究采用小干擾RNA(siRNA)對(duì)人膽管癌細(xì)胞株HUCCA-1中Gab1表達(dá)進(jìn)行干擾下調(diào),旨在觀察Gab1基因表達(dá)對(duì)膽管癌細(xì)胞功能的影響及其在PI3K/Akt信號(hào)通路中的作用,探討其在膽管癌惡性行為中的作用機(jī)制,為膽管癌的靶向治療提供新的靶基因。
1.1 材料 人膽管癌細(xì)胞株HUCCA-1購(gòu)自中科院上海細(xì)胞庫(kù),于中國(guó)醫(yī)科大學(xué)盛京醫(yī)院中心實(shí)驗(yàn)室保存并傳代。兔抗人Gab1多克隆抗體、兔抗人PI3KCA單克隆抗體、Akt1多克隆抗體(美國(guó)Sigma公司);MTT試劑盒、DMSO(上海生工);miRNA提取分離試劑盒、LipofectamineTM2000及TRIzol(美國(guó)Invitrogen公司);All-in-One?qPCR Mix試劑盒(美國(guó)GeneCopoeia公司);Annexin V-FITC/PI凋亡試劑盒(嘉美生物技術(shù)有限公司)。
1.2 研究方法
1.2.1 細(xì)胞培養(yǎng) 采用貼壁細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)法培養(yǎng)HUCCA-1,37℃水浴迅速解凍,DMEM培養(yǎng)基洗滌細(xì)胞制成單細(xì)胞懸液,于37℃、5%CO2培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng),取融合達(dá)95%以上的細(xì)胞進(jìn)行傳代,取對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期細(xì)胞進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)。
1.2.2 引物的設(shè)計(jì)及合成 引物Gab1 siRNA序列:正義5′-GAGTCCACUGCGTACUGCCTA-3′,反義 5′-CGCTCUTGGCAGUACGGCGAT-3′;siRNA control序列:正義5′-UCGATCGUAGCUCACTCCCGA-3′,反義5′-ACTGGGACGUCTCGUGCACTG-3′;PI3KCA序列:正義5′-CAUTCGUATCTCU-GTCTGA-3′,反義5′-CGGUCAGTCACGAUCTCA-3′;Akt1引物序列:正義5′-CATUCGGCTCUCTGCGTGA-3′,反義5′-CGCGUCATGCTGCGCUGA-3′。各序列均由上海吉瑪制藥技術(shù)有限公司設(shè)計(jì)并合成。
1.2.3 siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染HUCCA-1細(xì)胞 將細(xì)胞以2×105個(gè)/孔的密度接種于6孔板培養(yǎng),取24 h內(nèi)細(xì)胞融合達(dá)70%~90%的細(xì)胞株進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)染,參照LipofectamineTM2000試劑說(shuō)明書進(jìn)行操作。細(xì)胞分為Mock組、Gab1 siRNA組及siRNA control組。對(duì)Gab1 siRNA組及siRNA control組進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)染,轉(zhuǎn)染48 h后按照miRNA提取及分離試劑盒說(shuō)明書檢測(cè)總RNA完整性,采用紫外線分光光度儀檢測(cè)RNA溶解吸光度(A)值,計(jì)算RNA的濃度及純度,A260/A280為1.8~2.1可進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步實(shí)驗(yàn),采用Western blot法及qRT-PCR對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)染效率進(jìn)行檢測(cè)。
1.2.4 qRT-PCR測(cè)定轉(zhuǎn)染效率及轉(zhuǎn)染后 PI3KCA、Akt1 mRNA表達(dá)水平 按TRIzol法分離純化細(xì)胞株總RNA,RNA樣本的濃度均稀釋為0.8 g/L,按照逆轉(zhuǎn)錄-擴(kuò)增試劑盒的說(shuō)明書進(jìn)行逆轉(zhuǎn)錄及擴(kuò)增。反應(yīng)體系(2×All-in-One qPCR Mix 12.5 μL+50×Syber Green 2 μL+cDNA 2 μL+上下游引物各1 μL+ddH2O 5 μL);反應(yīng)條件為94℃預(yù)變性10 min,94℃變性10 s、60℃退火20 s、72℃延伸10 s,40個(gè)循環(huán)。所有反應(yīng)均設(shè)復(fù)孔,以DEPC水代替模板,cDNA為陰性對(duì)照,GAPDH為內(nèi)參照,反應(yīng)結(jié)束后行熔解曲線分析。
1.2.5 Western blot法檢測(cè)轉(zhuǎn)染效率及轉(zhuǎn)染后PI3KCA、Akt1蛋白表達(dá)水平 細(xì)胞裂解液提取HUCCA-1細(xì)胞總蛋白,BCA法測(cè)定蛋白濃度,每條泳道上樣20 μg蛋白,采用SDS-PAGE電泳,轉(zhuǎn)PVDF膜。TBST洗膜后加入抗體,室溫孵育1 h,TBST清洗后進(jìn)行ECL發(fā)光,凝膠顯像儀顯像,Quantity One軟件進(jìn)行灰度值分析。
1.2.6 MTT法檢測(cè)轉(zhuǎn)染后HUCCA-1細(xì)胞增殖情況 取各組細(xì)胞,按MTT試劑盒操作,以5×103個(gè)細(xì)胞/孔接種于96孔細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)板,設(shè)3個(gè)復(fù)孔,培養(yǎng)24、48、72、96 h后,每孔加MTT(5 g/L)20 μL,繼續(xù)孵育4 h,棄上清液,加DMSO 150 μL,振蕩10 min溶解結(jié)晶,于酶聯(lián)免疫檢測(cè)儀上以570 nm波長(zhǎng)測(cè)定各孔的光密度值,實(shí)驗(yàn)重復(fù)3次。
1.2.7 流式細(xì)胞儀檢測(cè)轉(zhuǎn)染后 HUCCA-1細(xì)胞凋亡情況 按照Annexin V-FITC/PI凋亡試劑盒說(shuō)明書進(jìn)行操作,將轉(zhuǎn)染細(xì)胞上流式細(xì)胞儀進(jìn)行檢測(cè),采用CellQuest進(jìn)行分析。記錄早期凋亡及晚期凋亡陽(yáng)性細(xì)胞百分比,實(shí)驗(yàn)重復(fù)3次。
1.2.8 轉(zhuǎn)染后HUCCA-1細(xì)胞遷移及侵襲能力檢測(cè) 按Transwell試劑盒說(shuō)明書進(jìn)行操作,檢測(cè)轉(zhuǎn)染后HUCCA-1細(xì)胞的遷移能力轉(zhuǎn)染前后變化。每孔任意選取3個(gè)200倍視野拍照,計(jì)數(shù)侵襲細(xì)胞數(shù)量百分比并取其均值。細(xì)胞遷移即在小室中不加入基質(zhì)膠,余步驟同侵襲操作,每個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)重復(fù)3次。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法 采用GraphPad Prism 6.0進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析及作圖,計(jì)量資料采用±s表示,多組間比較采用單因素方差分析,組間多重比較采用Tukey′s檢驗(yàn),率的比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn),以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 轉(zhuǎn)染效率檢測(cè)
2.1.1 總RNA純度及完整性測(cè)定 總RNA樣品A260/A280為1.8~2.0,純度較高。5 sRNA、18 sRNA及28 sRNA條帶均完整,總RNA抽取完整。
2.1.2 轉(zhuǎn)染效率 Western blot顯示,在50 ku處有灰色條帶,為Gab1蛋白。Gab1siRNA組的Gab1蛋白表達(dá)量低于 siRNA control組和Mock組(P<0.05),見圖1;qRT-PCR結(jié)果顯示,Gab1siRNA組的Gab1mRNA表達(dá)量低于siRNA control組和Mock組(P<0.05),見表 1。干擾效果明顯,效率約為65%~70%。
Fig.1 Comparison of Gab1 protein(A)and mRNA(B)expressions in three groups圖1 3組Gab1的蛋白(A)及mRNA(B)表達(dá)水平比較
Tab.1 Comparison of Gab1 protein(A)and mRNA(B)expressions in three groups表1 3組Gab1的蛋白(A)及mRNA(B)表達(dá)水平比較
2.2 Gab1siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染后PI3KCA及Akt1在蛋白水平及mRNA水平表達(dá)
2.2.1 Western blot結(jié)果 在110 ku及56 ku處有灰色條帶顯示為PI3KCA及Akt1表達(dá)。Gab1siRNA組的PI3KCA蛋白及Akt1蛋白表達(dá)量低于siRNA control組及Mock組(P<0.05),見圖2A。
2.2.2 qRT-PCR結(jié)果 Gab1siRNA組的PI3KCA mRNA及Akt1mRNA表達(dá)量低于siRNA control組及Mock組(P<0.05),見圖2B。
Fig.2 PI3KCA and Akt1 expressions at protein(A)and mRNA(B)levels after Gab1 siRNA transfection圖2 Gab1siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染后PI3KCA及Akt1在蛋白水平(A)及mRNA水平(B)
2.3 MTT檢測(cè)Gab1siRNA干擾后HUCCA-1細(xì)胞增殖結(jié)果 Gab1siRNA組HUCCA-1細(xì)胞增殖能力在 48 h、72 h及 96 h均低于 siRNA control組和Mock組(P<0.05),見表2。
2.4 Gab1siRNA干擾后HUCCA-1細(xì)胞株凋亡的改變 siRNA control組、Gab1siRNA組及Mock組的凋亡率分別為(0.85±0.71)%、(8.65±2.34)%及(2.17±0.94)% (F=7.897,P<0.05)。Gab1siRNA組的HUCCA-1細(xì)胞凋亡率高于其余2組(P<0.05),見圖3。
2.5 Gab1 siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染后HUCCA-1細(xì)胞侵襲及遷移能力 Gab1siRNA組HUCCA-1細(xì)胞侵襲細(xì)胞百分比低于 siRNA control組及 Mock組(P<0.05);Gab1siRNA組HUCCA-1細(xì)胞的遷移細(xì)胞百分比低于siRNA control組及Mock組(P<0.05),見圖4,表3。
Tab.2 Proliferation of HUCCA-1 cells detected by MTT after Gab1 siRNA transfection表2 MTT檢測(cè)轉(zhuǎn)染后HUCCA-1細(xì)胞的增殖(n=3,±s)
Tab.2 Proliferation of HUCCA-1 cells detected by MTT after Gab1 siRNA transfection表2 MTT檢測(cè)轉(zhuǎn)染后HUCCA-1細(xì)胞的增殖(n=3,±s)
*P<0.05;a與Gab1 siRNA組比較,P<0.05
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Fig.3 Apoptosis of HUCCA-1 cells detected by flow cytometry圖3 流式細(xì)胞儀檢測(cè)轉(zhuǎn)染后HUCCA-1細(xì)胞凋亡
Tab.3 Invasion and immigration of HUCCA-1 cells after Gab1siRNA transfection表3 Gab1siRNA干擾后HUCCA-1細(xì)胞侵襲及遷移能力變化
膽管癌惡性度高,發(fā)現(xiàn)時(shí)大部分均以黃疸為首發(fā)癥狀,預(yù)后較差,5年手術(shù)后生存率低于25%,早發(fā)現(xiàn)早診斷較為困難,因此,對(duì)于腫瘤標(biāo)志物及預(yù)后因素的探索一直是研究的焦點(diǎn)。Gab1作為接頭蛋白的一種,可以被多種細(xì)胞因子激活[5],尤其在PI3K/Akt信號(hào)通路中,Gab1可能作為啟動(dòng)因子或促進(jìn)因子發(fā)揮作用[6]。Gab1的3個(gè)酪氨酸磷酸化位點(diǎn)可結(jié)合p85亞基,順序激活PI3KCA及Akt1,從而活化PI3K/Akt信號(hào)通路,啟動(dòng)及促進(jìn)惡性腫瘤細(xì)胞的增殖、浸潤(rùn)及轉(zhuǎn)移,并抑制抑癌基因活性[7-8]。Gab1與磷脂分子PIP3親和力較強(qiáng),二者結(jié)合后可能進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)PI3K活性,使該信號(hào)通路進(jìn)一步放大,增強(qiáng)腫瘤細(xì)胞惡性行為[9-10]。
本研究采用siRNA技術(shù)對(duì)HUCCA-1細(xì)胞中Gab1表達(dá)進(jìn)行下調(diào),經(jīng)Western blot及qRT-PCR檢測(cè),轉(zhuǎn)染效率滿意。轉(zhuǎn)染后PI3KCA及Akt1表達(dá)在蛋白及mRNA水平均明顯下調(diào),提示Gab1可能是PI3K/Akt通路中重要的啟動(dòng)及激活因子,可能通過(guò)激活PI3K/Akt通路,促進(jìn)膽管癌的惡性行為[11-12]。有研究認(rèn)為,Akt磷酸化是子宮內(nèi)膜癌及乳腺癌從不典型增生到惡性轉(zhuǎn)化,并進(jìn)一步發(fā)展具有浸潤(rùn)能力的主導(dǎo)因素,膽管腺癌細(xì)胞的惡變過(guò)程在mRNA水平即已發(fā)生,Gab1可以同含有YXXP序列下級(jí)信號(hào)分子SH2同源區(qū)相結(jié)合,包括SHIP、Crk等,這種結(jié)合與PI3K/Akt信號(hào)通路存在交聯(lián)反應(yīng),同時(shí)存在多種信號(hào)通路及致癌因素調(diào)控腫瘤細(xì)胞的惡變、分化、生長(zhǎng)、轉(zhuǎn)移、浸潤(rùn)及凋亡功能[13-14]。Gab被siRNA干擾后,HUCCA-1細(xì)胞的增殖能力明顯減弱,凋亡率也增加,PI3K/Akt信號(hào)通路可對(duì)小分子質(zhì)量的G蛋白及RAS蛋白功能進(jìn)行調(diào)控,G蛋白及RAS蛋白對(duì)腫瘤生長(zhǎng)、增殖轉(zhuǎn)移、浸潤(rùn)、物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)都發(fā)揮著重要的調(diào)控作用[15]。siRNA干擾后,HUCCA-1細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)移及浸潤(rùn)能力均減弱,在PI3K/Akt高表達(dá)的多種腫瘤中,相關(guān)抑癌基因表達(dá)均為下調(diào),甚至缺失或缺如,Gab經(jīng)siRNA下調(diào)后,PI3K/Akt信號(hào)通路功能減弱或失活,導(dǎo)致膽管癌細(xì)胞的轉(zhuǎn)移及浸潤(rùn)能力減弱。因此,膽管癌發(fā)生發(fā)展的過(guò)程是多基因共同作用的結(jié)果。PI3K/Akt信號(hào)通路可通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)其下游效應(yīng)基因促進(jìn)細(xì)胞骨架蛋白生成,細(xì)胞偽足樣運(yùn)動(dòng)增強(qiáng),腫瘤細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)移能力活躍。PI3K/Akt還可調(diào)節(jié)腫瘤細(xì)胞對(duì)細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)的降解能力,增強(qiáng)細(xì)胞對(duì)鈣黏連素的降解,從而強(qiáng)化惡性腫瘤細(xì)胞的浸潤(rùn)及轉(zhuǎn)移[16]。
綜上,Gab1可能通過(guò)PI3K/Art信號(hào)通路對(duì)膽管腺癌細(xì)胞增殖、凋亡、浸潤(rùn)及轉(zhuǎn)移等惡性行為進(jìn)行調(diào)控,Gab1、PI3KCA及Akt1可能作為膽管腺癌惡性行為及預(yù)后的預(yù)測(cè)因素及未來(lái)治療的靶向基因。
(圖4見插頁(yè))
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(2014-12-01收稿 2015-01-25修回)
(本文編輯 閆娟)
Effect of silencing Gab1 expression on cholangiocarcinoma cell line HUCCA-1 and its correlation with PI3K/Akt pathway
YAO Xu,TIAN Zhong△,LIU Yuan
Department of the 10thGeneral Surgery,Shengjing Hospital of China medical university,Liaoning Shenyang 110042,China
△Corresponding Author E-mail:tianz@sj-hospital.org
Objective To explore the functionalternation of human cholangiocarcinoma cell line HUCCA-1 by silencing Gab1 expression;to detect its effect on PI3KCA and Akt1 expression at protein and mRNA levels and to explore the role of Gab1,PI3KCA and Akt1 expressions in the malignant behavior of cholangiocarcinoma.Methods Gab1 siRNA was trans-fected into cholangiocarcinoma cell line HUCCA-1.Proliferation,apoptosis,migration/invasion of cells were examined by MTT,flow cytometry and Transwell assay respectively after transfection.PI3KCA and Akt1 expressions were detected by Western blotting and qPCR.Results Transfection efficiency was satisfactory and reaches 65%~70%;PI3KCA and Akt1 expressions were down-regulated at both protein and mRNA levels upon silencing of Gab1.Meanwhile,proliferations of HUCCA-1 cells were inhibited(P<0.01);apoptosis rate increases(P<0.05);and migration and invasion were both inhibited upon Gab1 silencing(P<0.05).Conclusion The proliferation,migration and invasion are all inhibited while apoptosis is attenuated after Gab1 was down-regulated by Gab1 siRNA transfection.PI3KCA and Akt1 expressions are up-regulated with down-regulation of Gab1.Therefore,Gab1 may enhance the maglinant behavior of cholangiocarcinoma cells through upregulating PI3KCA and Akt1 expression and it can be used as a candidate for cholangiocarcinoma therapy.
cholangiocarcinoma;proliferation;apoptosis;Gab1;HUCCA-1;PI3K/Akt pathway
R735.8
A DOI:10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.06.004
遼寧省科技攻關(guān)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2013408001)
沈陽(yáng),中國(guó)醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬盛京醫(yī)院第十普外科(郵編110042)
姚旭(1977),男,主治醫(yī)師,碩士,主要從事膽道惡性腫瘤的基礎(chǔ)及臨床研究
△E-mail:tianz@sj-hospital.org