李利斌+紀(jì)復(fù)勤+劉立鋒+李化銀+高建偉+曹齊衛(wèi)
摘 要:分析了大白菜基因組中3個(gè)與擬南芥CBL4直系同源的基因,并進(jìn)行了比較分析。結(jié)果表明,大白菜3個(gè)CBL4基因在序列和結(jié)構(gòu)上非常保守,但在順式調(diào)控元件上有所不同,暗示其在功能上存在分化。
關(guān)鍵詞:大白菜;CBL4;遺傳進(jìn)化;序列分析;順式元件
中圖分類號(hào):S634.101 ?文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)號(hào):A ?文章編號(hào):1001-4942(2015)06-0005-04
Comparative Analysis of CBL4 Genes in Chinese Cabbage
Li Libin1, Ji Fuqin2, Liu Lifeng1, Li Huayin1, Gao Jianwei1*, Cao Qiwei1*
(1.Vegetable Research Institute,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Improvement Center for
Vegetables, Shandong Branch/Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetables Biology of Shandong Province,Jinan 250100, China;
2. Wanfeng Seed Limited Cooperation of Ningyang County in Shandong Province, Ningyang 271400,China)
Abstract Three genes in Chinese cabbage genome was comparatively ?analyzed with CBL4 orthologous gene of Arabidopsis. The results showed that 3 CBL4 genes of Chinese cabbage were very conserved in sequence and structure, but different in cis-elements,which suggested they were different in functions.
Key words Chinese cabbage; CBL4;Genetic evolution; Sequence analysis;Cis-element
植物鈣調(diào)神經(jīng)磷酸酶 B 類似蛋白(Calcineurin B like protein, 簡稱CBL)與鈣調(diào)神經(jīng)磷酸酶 B 類似蛋白互作的蛋白激酶(CBL-interacting protein kinase, 簡稱CIPK) 組成的信號(hào)途徑簡稱CBL-CIPK途徑,在植物鈣信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)和非生物逆境應(yīng)答中具有重要功能,從低等的苔蘚到高等的十字花科植物擬南芥、油菜及禾本科水稻等農(nóng)作物以及木本植物楊樹等物種中普遍存在[1~5]。CBL家族起到鈣感受器的作用,與CIPK互作來調(diào)節(jié)下游基因的表達(dá)以應(yīng)答不同的逆境信號(hào)[6]。有關(guān)CBL的功能在擬南芥中研究得最為清楚,其中CBL4/SOS3基因在植物高鹽脅迫應(yīng)答中具有重要功能,而且存在復(fù)雜的調(diào)控機(jī)制[7]。CBL4/SOS3可以與SOS2/CIPK24互作調(diào)控SOS1(一種鈉離子質(zhì)子泵)的表達(dá)和介導(dǎo)鈣依賴的微絲重組從而調(diào)節(jié)植物鹽脅迫的抗性[8,9];也可以通過與CIPK6互作介導(dǎo)鉀離子通道AKT2定位在細(xì)胞膜上[10];在低鹽脅迫下還可以通過調(diào)控生長素的重新分布來調(diào)節(jié)側(cè)根的發(fā)育[11]。擬南芥CBL4/SOS3編碼的蛋白具有結(jié)合鈣離子的EF手結(jié)構(gòu),還有豆蔻?;稽c(diǎn),與鈣離子的結(jié)合和豆蔻?;瞧湓邴}脅迫應(yīng)答中行使功能所必需的[12~14]。而且在CBL4/SOS3的碳末端存在保守的磷酸化位點(diǎn),可被SOS2/CIPK24等磷酸化[15]。突變體的研究表明鈣可以調(diào)節(jié)擬南芥CBL4/SOS3對鹽的敏感性[12],擬南芥CBL4/SOS3可以調(diào)節(jié)離子平衡和氧化脅迫反應(yīng)[16],而且它還受MYB73的負(fù)向調(diào)節(jié)[17];突變體研究和基因定位表明水稻和大麥的CBL4/SOS3基因在鹽脅迫應(yīng)答中具有與擬南芥CBL4/SOS3相似的功能[18,19],過表達(dá)玉米的CBL4基因可以提高擬南芥的抗逆性[20]。大白菜是我國重要的特產(chǎn)蔬菜,其有關(guān)CBL4/SOS3的研究尚缺乏報(bào)道。筆者在解析大白菜CBL家族基因的基礎(chǔ)上[21],發(fā)現(xiàn)有三個(gè)大白菜CBL4基因與AtCBL4/SOS3直系同源。本文對這三個(gè)大白菜CBL4/SOS3類基因的染色體定位、基因結(jié)構(gòu)、編碼序列及其順式調(diào)控元件進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)分析,為進(jìn)一步研究其功能奠定了基礎(chǔ)。
1 研究方法
利用擬南芥的CBL4基因序列在大白菜基因組數(shù)據(jù)庫中(BRAD:http://brassicadb.org/brad/)搜索比對大白菜的基因組序列,尋找大白菜的CBL1基因序列,對鑒定出的CBL4基因進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)分析和遺傳進(jìn)化分析,并對啟動(dòng)子序列中的順式元件進(jìn)行預(yù)測。結(jié)構(gòu)分析利用GSDS(http://gsds. cbi. pku. edu. cn /) 在線進(jìn)行,遺傳進(jìn)化分析利用MEGA4.1 進(jìn)行,采用Bootstrap test-Neighbor Joining 方法,重復(fù)運(yùn)算500 次,順式元件預(yù)測采用PlantCARE 軟件進(jìn)行在線分析。亞細(xì)胞定位預(yù)測在WoLF PSORT(http://wolfpsort.org/)中進(jìn)行。
2 結(jié)果與分析
2.1 大白菜CBL4基因的鑒定和特征分析
筆者利用生物信息學(xué)方法從大白菜基因組中鑒定出三個(gè)擬南芥CBL4的同源基因Bra026462、Bra029396和Bra009743,分別位于大白菜染色體A01、A02和A06上。大白菜三個(gè)CBL4的基因組序列中含有8個(gè)外顯子,而且這8個(gè)外顯子的大小和排列比較保守;預(yù)測的編碼區(qū)序列均為666 bp,基因組序列大小略有不同,其編碼蛋白預(yù)測定位于細(xì)胞核或細(xì)胞質(zhì)中(表1)。endprint
表1 大白菜CBL4基因的染色體分布及序列特征
基因 染色體 位置 外顯
子數(shù) 基因組
序列(bp) 編碼區(qū)
序列(bp) 亞細(xì)胞
定位預(yù)測
Bra026462 A01 9159114-9160610 8 1497 666 細(xì)胞質(zhì)
Bra029396 A02 25418218-25419717 8 1500 666 細(xì)胞核
Bra009743 A06 16967951-16969375 8 1425 666 細(xì)胞質(zhì)
圖1 大白菜CBL4基因的外顯子-內(nèi)含子結(jié)構(gòu)
2.2 大白菜CBL4基因的遺傳進(jìn)化和序列比對
遺傳進(jìn)化分析是揭示基因功能的重要線索。通過對大白菜CBL4和擬南芥CBL基因的進(jìn)化分析發(fā)現(xiàn),大白菜的CBL4基因 Bra026462、 Bra029396和Bra009743是擬南芥CBL4/SOS3的直系同源基因(圖2)。序列比對發(fā)現(xiàn)這三個(gè)基因非常保守(圖3),三者的核苷酸序列一致性為92.94%,與擬南芥CBL4/SOS3的一致性分別為87.61%、85.99%和85.55%;三者預(yù)測編碼蛋白的序列一致性為92.74%,與AtCBL4的一致性分別為82.67%、78.22%和81.78%,與AtCBL8的序列一致性分別為58.22%、58.67%和58.22%。這說明大白菜的三個(gè)CBL4類基因可能具有相似的生物學(xué)功能。
圖2 大白菜三個(gè)CBL4基因預(yù)測編碼蛋白的序列比對
圖3 大白菜CBL4基因與擬南芥CBL
基因的遺傳進(jìn)化分析
2.3 大白菜CBL4基因的順式調(diào)控元件和功能預(yù)測
轉(zhuǎn)錄水平的調(diào)控是植物基因表達(dá)的主要調(diào)控步驟,植物基因表達(dá)是自身順式調(diào)控元件與轉(zhuǎn)錄因子相互作用的結(jié)果。因此,植物基因上游順式調(diào)控元件的分析對于揭示基因的功能具有重要意義。由表2可知,大白菜三個(gè)CBL4基因均含有多個(gè)激素和逆境應(yīng)答順式調(diào)控元件,而且各不相同,說明它們在功能上存在分化。Bra026462可能響應(yīng)茉莉酸甲酯和水楊酸信號(hào),受干旱、熱脅迫調(diào)控表達(dá);Bra029396 可能響應(yīng)茉莉酸甲酯、赤霉素和水楊酸信號(hào),可能應(yīng)答干旱和冷脅迫;Bra009743可能響應(yīng)脫落酸、茉莉酸甲酯和水楊酸信號(hào),應(yīng)答熱脅迫、干旱和冷脅迫。
表2 大白菜CBL4基因的順式調(diào)控元件
基因
ABRE
CGTCA
-motif GARE
-motif
HSE LTR MBs TCA
-element
Bra026462〖3〗 1 2 2 1
Bra029396 2 1 2 1 2
Bra009743 1 1 1 2 2 1
注:ABRE為脫落酸應(yīng)答元件;CGTCA-motif為茉莉酸甲酯應(yīng)答元件;GARE-motif為赤霉素應(yīng)答元件;HSE為熱脅迫應(yīng)答元件;LTR為冷脅迫應(yīng)答元件;MBs為干旱誘導(dǎo)表達(dá)元件;TCA-element為水楊酸應(yīng)答元件。
3 結(jié)論
本文從大白菜基因組中鑒定出三個(gè)與擬南芥CBL4直系同源的基因Bra026462、Bra029396和Bra009743,在結(jié)構(gòu)和序列上十分保守,推測是由于基因擴(kuò)增的結(jié)果,可能在鹽脅迫應(yīng)答過程中具有相似的功能。但是,它們分布在不同的染色體上,而且在其上游序列中含有的順式調(diào)控元件的數(shù)目和類型不盡相同,亞細(xì)胞定位預(yù)測的結(jié)果也不一樣。因此,筆者認(rèn)為大白菜三個(gè)CBL4基因Bra026462、Bra029396和Bra009743在功能上有所分化,具體情況需要進(jìn)一步研究。
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